The patella is one of the most important components of the knee extension mechanism, and position of patella relates to some diseases of the knee, especially recurrent dislocation of the patella and Osgood-Schlatter s diseases. We checked the patella to patella tendon ratio in normal persons as well as in cases with recurrent dislocation of patella, chondromalacia of patella, degenerative arthritis of the knee and Osgood Schlatter s disease by means of Insall and Salvati method. The following results were obtained: 1) The ratio was 1.048 in normal persons. 2) The ratio was 0. 845 in recurrent dislocations. 3) The ratio was the same as normal in cases of the acute stage of Osgood-Schlatter's disease but chenged to 1. 236 in the late healing stage after 18 years of age. 4) The ratio in chondromalacia of the patella and degenerative arthritis of the knee was not significantly different from the normal.
Cartilage Diseases ; Chondromalacia Patellae ; Clinical Study ; Dislocations ; Humans ; Knee ; Methods ; Osteoarthritis ; Patella ; Patellar Ligament

No abstract available.
Palate, Hard* ; Salivary Ducts* ; Salivary Glands, Minor*

No abstract available.
Pneumonia*

No abstract available.

The relative incidence of cerebral palsy has increased recently over that of poliomyelitis, due to the improvement in the social, medical, and economic status of our country. It is important to check the pathologic reflexes for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of cerebral palsy. We studied 84 cerebral palsied patients, between 1 to 13 years old, who were treated at our Crippled Childrens Rehabilitation Center. The motor age and pathologic reflexes were checked, and pathologic reflexes were checked, and the relationship between pathologic reflexes and walking was compared. The following results were obtained. 1) With increasing of chronological age, there was a tendericy to increasing of motor age, but the mean motor age did not increase after 8 years in chronological age, and no more than to about 20 months. 2) With increasing of motor age, a tendency to decreasing of frequency of pathologic reflexes was shown. 3) The followings were the most important pathologic reflexes in non walking group: a) positive supporting reaction b) supine lying c) prone lying d) Moro reflex e) asymetrical tonic neck f) protective extensor thrust.
Cerebral Palsy ; Child ; Clinical Study ; Deception ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Neck ; Poliomyelitis ; Prognosis ; Reflex ; Reflex, Startle ; Rehabilitation Centers ; Walking

The foreign bodies in the upper GI tract are produced chiefly by accidental swallowing and rarely produce symptoms. But it is recommended to remove the foreign bodies if they produce symptoms or retained in GI tract for long duration, and if they have the possibilities of producing complications. Nowadays the development of therapeutic endoscopy enables the removal of the foreign bodies easily. We have reviewed 88 cases of foreign bodies diagnosed by endoscopy from January, 1980 to July 1990 and had the following results. 1) The most common foreign bodies were coins and bezoars, common with the ages under 10 years and over 50 years. 2) The foreign bodies were found in the upper gastrointestinal tract in the order of stomach, esophagus and duodenum. 3) The esophageal stricture especially by lye was the most common underlying cause of upper gastrointestinal foreign bodies. 4) The symptoms and complications were more common with esophageal foreign bodies. 5) By therapeutic endoscopy, the success rate for removal of foreign bodies was 98%.
Bezoars ; Deglutition ; Duodenum ; Endoscopy* ; Esophageal Stenosis ; Esophagus ; Foreign Bodies* ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Lye ; Numismatics ; Stomach ; Upper Gastrointestinal Tract*

OBJECTIVE: Thyroid nodule is frequent and occurs in about 5+ACU- of the general population. In contrast, thyroid cancer is much less frequent and occurs in about 5-10+ACU- of thyroid nodules. Distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions is an important task that is best accomplished by fine needle aspiration. Recently, Chiappetta et al. reported that the expression of the high mobility group (HMG) I(Y) proteins correlates with the malignant phenotype of human thyroid neoplasia, and suggested that the detection of the HMG I(Y) proteins might be a valid tool for an easy and sensitive discrimination assay between benign and malignant neoplastic thyroid disease. METHODS: We evaluated the expression of the HMG I(Y) mRNA in 39 frozen thyroid tissues from patients with thyroid nodule by semiquantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS: The expression of the HMG I(Y) mRNA was low in all of 10 normal thyroid tissues. In all of 3 adenomatous goiters, 6 follicular adenomas and 2 Hurthle cell adenomas, the HMG I(Y) mRNA expression level was low. In 11 of 13 papillary carcinomas and all of 5 follicular carcinomas, the HMG I(Y) mRNA expression level was high. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that there is a correlation between the expression of HMG I(Y) and the malignant phenotype of thyroid cancer, suggesting that these proteins may be useful as a marker in thyroid cancer.
Biopsy, Needle ; Comparative Study ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; High Mobility Group Proteins/analysis+ACo- ; Human ; Male ; Probability ; RNA, Messenger/analysis+ACo- ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics+ACo- ; Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis+ACo- ; Thyroid Nodule/genetics+ACo- ; Thyroid Nodule/diagnosis+ACo- ; Tumor Markers, Biological/analysis+ACo-

No abstract available.
Fetus* ; Humans ; Pregnancy, Twin*

No Abstract Available.
Brucella abortus* ; Brucella* ; Immunity, Humoral* ; Jeju-do* ; Recombinant Proteins*

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, systemic vasculitis of childhood. The early mortality of KD results from coronary complications, mainly aneurysmal thrombosis with myocardial infarction, and the subacute phase of KD has the highest risk of mortality. Although there have been reports of ischemic heart disease as late cardiologic sequelae of KD in young adults, acute myocardial infarction caused by coronary complications in the subacute phase of KD is rare. We experienced one pediatric patient who developed coronary artery aneurysm and acute myocardiac infarction (AMI) during the subacute phase of incomplete and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)-nonresponsive KD. The patient was given a good prognosis due to close monitoring and early recognition of AMI. Physicians should carefully monitor KD patients who do not respond to initial IVIG therapy and who show progressive coronary artery dilatation. If such a patient complaints of chest pain and the ECG shows hyperacute T waves, the physician should suspect development of AMI.
Aneurysm ; Chest Pain ; Coronary Vessels ; Dilatation ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; Infarction ; Male* ; Mortality ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome* ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Prognosis ; Systemic Vasculitis ; Thrombosis ; Young Adult