Characterizations of the VP4 (P type) and VP7 (G type) genes of Korean isolates of bovine rotavirus were performed using RT-PCR/RFLP and nucleotide sequencing analysis. After RT-PCR amplification of partial length (1094bp) of the VP4 and full length (1062bp) of the VP7 genes, amplified PCR products were digested with restriction endonucleases and digestion patterns were compared with those of reference rotaviruses. With the VP4 genes, four RFLP (AD) profiles were observed; three (A, B and C) were the same as those of bovine rotavirus NCDV (P[1]), IND (P[5]) and B223 (P[11]), respectively, Profile D was the same as that of porcine rotavirus OSU (p[7]). With the VP7 genes, five RFLP profiles (I-V) were observed; three of them (1, II and III) were the same as those of bovine rotavirus NCDV (G6), Cody I-801 (G8), and B223 (G10), respectively, Profile IV and V were atypical to those of reference bovine rotaviruses used in this study. These two profiles were identified as G6 and G5, respectively, after analyzing and comparing the nucleotide sequences. The G typing analysis revealed that 61.9% (26/42) were G6, which included G6 subtype; 28.6% (12/42) were G5; 7.1% (3/42) were G10; 2.4% (1/42) were G8. The P typing analysis revealed that 54.8% (23/42) were P(5); 28.6% (12/42) were P(7); 11.8% (5/42) were P(11); 4.8% (2/42) were P(1). Our results showed that G6/P(5) were the most prevalent rotaviruses in diarrheic calves in Korea. Also, this is the first report that G5P(7) rotaviruses were identified from cattle with diarrhea.
Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cattle ; Diarrhea ; Digestion ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Korea ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length* ; Rotavirus*

No abstract available.
Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Pneumothorax, Artificial*

The ocular manifestations of leukemic retinopathy can be divided into secondary manifestations due to hemorrhage and macular edema, and direct manifestations of leukemic infiltration. Case reports about leukemic infiltration of the optic nerve head are rare. We have experienced a case of leukemic retinopathy in a 16-year-old girl. She visited to our hospital due to sudden decrease of visual acutiy on both eyes and confirmed acute lymphocytic leukemia on bone marrow biopsy. In addition to macular edema and hemorrhage due to secondary manifestations of leukocytosis, there were sheathing noted about retinal arterioles, and disc edema were present on both eyes which seems to be the optic nerve head infiltration of leukemic cells.
Adolescent ; Arterioles ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Edema ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Leukemic Infiltration* ; Leukocytosis ; Macular Edema ; Optic Disk* ; Optic Nerve* ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Retinaldehyde

No abstract available.
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Albuminuria is an early indicator of renal damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus, and has been recognized as a risk factor for peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The aim of this study was to assess the association between albuminuria and PAD in Korean type 2 diabetes patients. METHODS: Our retrospective study included 390 consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The ankle-brachial index (ABI) and toe-brachial index (TBI) were used to assess PAD. The urinary albumin-creatinine excretion ratio (UAE) was evaluated by determining the albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) in the first voided morning urine sample. RESULTS: Duration of diabetes, serum creatinine levels, and UAE were significantly higher in patients with low ABI scores (< 0.9) than in those with normal ABI scores (> or = 0.9). Age, duration of diabetes, and UAE were significantly higher in patients with low TBI scores (< 0.6) than in those with normal TBI scores (> or = 0.6). Albuminuria was independently associated with low ABI (OR = 1.980, 95% CI = 1.001-3.918). It was also independently associated with low TBI and normal ABI (OR = 3.149, 95% CI = 1.260-7.871). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that albuminuria may be associated with PAD, including in arteries distal to the ankle joint.
Albuminuria ; Ankle Brachial Index ; Ankle Joint ; Arteries ; Creatinine ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Humans ; Peripheral Arterial Disease ; Peripheral Vascular Diseases ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

No Abstract Available.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome* ; Collagen* ; Humans ; Ligaments*

The advent of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has been a worldwide threat to public health for the past decade. We report a fatal case of infective endocarditis caused by a non-USA300, Panton-Valentine leukocidin toxin-negative CA-MRSA clone. This is a serious case of CA-MRSA infection caused by a sequence type (ST) 72 clone, which is one of the common CA-MRSA clones circulating in Korea where serious CA-MRSA infections have been rare.
Bacterial Toxins ; Clone Cells ; Endocarditis ; Exotoxins ; Korea ; Leukocidins ; Methicillin Resistance ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Public Health ; Staphylococcus aureus

SPARC, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine, is a extracellular matrix-associated protein implicated in the modulation of cell adhesion, migration, cell cycle regulation, and angiogenesis. SPARC is expressed in fibrocytes and endothelial cells involved in tissue repair and invasive malignant tumors in the gastrointestinal tract, breast, lung, kidney, adrenal cortex, ovary, and brain. This study was aimed to characterize the different expression of SPARC in the thyroid follicular adenomas and follicular carcinomas. Immunohistochemical staining was performed in paraffin-embedded tissues of 25 follicular adenomas and 15 follicular carcinomas of the thyroid gland. Immunohistochemically, SPARC was not expressed in the 19 follicular adenoma and 2 follicular carcinoma but highly expressed in the 6 follicular adenoma and 13 follicular carcinoma. These findings suggest that SPARC is a potential diagnostic marker of follicular carcinoma and is helpful to distinguish follicular carcinoma from follicular adenoma without vascular or capsular invasion.
Adenoma* ; Adrenal Cortex ; Brain ; Breast ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Movement ; Cysteine ; Endothelial Cells ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Kidney ; Lung ; Ovary ; Thyroid Gland*

The VATER syndrome is a group of congenital anomalies with a nonrandom tendency for concurrence. Defects include vertebral, anorectal malformation, tracheoesophageal fisutla with esophageal atresia, radial-limb, vascular, and renal abnormalities. The critical period of organogenesis is at or before the sixth or seventh week of gestation. We experienced one case of VATER syndrome in a 1 day old male neonate having vertebral anomalies, esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula to the distal esophageal segment, imperforated anus, left renal dysplasia with hydronephrosis of the right kidney and both hydroureter, patent ductus arteriosus. We report a case of VATER syndrome with brief review of related literature.
Anal Canal ; Critical Period (Psychology) ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Esophageal Atresia ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Infant, Newborn ; Kidney ; Male ; Organogenesis ; Pregnancy ; Tracheoesophageal Fistula

BACKGROUND: To compare the diagnostic value between Phalen's test and reverse Phalen's test using a morphological change of the median nerve and the carpal tunnel in diabetics and normal controls seen by high-resolution ultrasonography and to research on an ultrasonography as an available tool for the screening and follow up aid-test of the carpal tunnel syndrome(CTS). METHODS: A cross-sectional area and a flattening ratio of the median nerve, and a cross-sectional area of the carpal tunnel were measured in neutral, maximally flexed(Phalen's test), and maximally extended (reverse Phalen's test) positions in 59 wrists of 30 normal controls and 60 wrists of 30 diabetics. RESULTS: 1) In controls and diabetics, the mean cross-sectional area of median nerve at the hamatum were 8.8/10.2 mm2, 8.0/9.5 mm2, 8.3/9.4 mm2, the mean flattening ratio were 3.0/3.0 mm2, 2.4/2.0 mm2, 3.2/3.0 mm2, the mean cross-sectional area of carpal tunnel were 176.5/197.7 mm2, 157.9/187.0 mm2, 170.6/192.5 mm2 in neutral, maximal flexion and maximal extension. 2) In controls, the cross-sectional area of median nerve and carpal tunnel were significantly decreased in maximal flexion(p<0.01), and in maximal extension(p<0.01). 3) In controls, the mean flattening ratio of median nerve was revealed significant change in maximal flexion(p<0.01), and in maximal extension(p<0.01). 4) In diabetics, the flattening ratio was significantly decreased in maximal flexion(p<0.01) with com- paring to neutral position. 5) In diabetics, the cross-sectional area of median nerve and carpal tunnel were significantly increased in all positions(p<0.05), and the mean flattening ratio of median nerve was similar to controls. CONCLUSION: In diabetics, increased cross-sectional area of median nerve can be explained by swelling of median nerve, also increased cross-sectional area of carpal tunnel is can be said to have taken place by the decreasing of the useful space in between the median nerve and carpal tunnel, this show that the diabetics have the high risk of the CTS. Phalen's test reveals higher degree of irritation to median nerve, The high-resolution ultrasonography is suggested as an available tool for the screening and follow up aid-test for the CTS
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ; Follow-Up Studies ; Mass Screening ; Median Nerve* ; Ultrasonography ; Wrist*