No abstract available.
Fertilization in Vitro* ; Superovulation*

No abstract available.
Leydig Cell Tumor*

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to assess the value of resistance index(RI) and pulsatility index(PI) to differentiate between benign and malignant ovarian tumors by color and pulsed Doppler ultrasound. METHODS: 129 ovarian tumors identified with ultrasound were referred for color and pulsed Doppler ultrasound evaluation to calculate the lowest RI and PI, and the corresponding histopathologic diagnosis was recorded. RESULTS: The intratumor artery waveforms were obtained in 37.1%(36 of 97) of benign tumors and in 91.0%(29 of 32) of the malignant group. RI and PI were lower in malignant tumors than in benign tumors(p<0.01). Also, there was a significant incremental decrease in both indices value from the benign tumor toward borderline malignancy(p<0.05) and to invasive ovarian cancer(p<0.01). But, there was no significant difference in both indices value according to the FIGO stage of ovarian malignancy. For RI cut-off value of 0.6, sensitivity and specificity were 89.7% and 91.7%; for PI cut-off value of 1.1, 86.2% and 91.7%. Therefore, the most accurate cut-off values of RI and PI were 0.6 and 1.1, respectively. CONCLUSION: RI and PI calculated by color and pulsed Doppler ultrasound can help in the diagnosis and selection of treatment plan of ovarian tumors, especially when the morphological finding of ovarian tumor is equivocal. And during the follow up of benign tumors, both indicies can give us the clue of malignant potential of benign tumors.
Arteries ; Diagnosis* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Ovarian Neoplasms* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography

In Asia, mammography following the injection of foreign materials into the breasts for cosmetic augmentation is frequently seen and diagnosis based on the typical radiologic findings is straightforward. We report the unusual radiologic findings in two patients with foreign body granulomas caused by injected foreign materials and discovered incidentally during screening work up. The mammographic findings were bilateral, hyperdense, spiculated masses, with occasional microcalcification, and at sonography, markedly hypoechoic, spiculated solid masses, located near the pectoralis muscle and partly extending into it, were observed. These radiologic findings mimicked malignancy.
Breast Neoplasms/radiography ; Case Report ; Cholesterol ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Esthetics ; Female ; Granuloma, Foreign-Body/etiology/*radiography/*ultrasonography ; Human ; Injections/adverse effects ; Mammography ; Middle Age ; Paraffin

Trichoblastoma includes all benign follicular germinative cell tumors in skin. We presented a case of trichoblastoma which occurred on the scalp as a large pedunculated tumor. The tumor was composed of lobular aggregations of basaloid epithelial cells and numerous primitive papillary mesenchymal bodies. Stromal retraction was observed between the stroma adjacent to epithelial nests and surrounding normal dermis. Focal connection to the overlying epidermis was observed. The classification and terminology for the benign neoplasms with follicular differentiation was discussed.
Classification ; Dermis ; Epidermis ; Epithelial Cells ; Scalp ; Skin

No abstract available.
Lymphoma, T-Cell* ; T-Lymphocytes*

BACKGROUND: Although rare, paralysis secondary to spinal cord ischemia after aortic aneurysm surgery is a devastating complication. Many papers have been published on this topic but without a clear consensus on the best way of minimizing the problem. Mild hypothermia and lamotrigine have been neuroprotective in several models of cerebral ischemia. In this study we compared the effects of mild hypothermia and the lamotrigine on neurologic and histopathologic outcomes, and inflammatory gene expression in transient spinal ischemia. METHODS: Rats were anesthetized with halothane, and divided into 4 groups; the Sham-operated (S) group; the Normothermic ischemic (N) group; the Hypothermic ischemic (H) group; and the Lamotrigine- treated (L) group. Spinal ischemia was produced by induced hypotension and thoracic aortic cross clamping. After spinal ischemia neurologic scores were assessed at 1, 2, 3, 24, and 48 hours after reperfusion. After 48 hours the rats were euthanized and their spinal cords were removed for histopathologic assessment. Also, spinal cords were removed at 1, 3, and 48 hours after reperfusion for the assay of TNF-alpha, IL-1 mRNA. RESULTS: The neurologic scores of the H group were significantly lower than from the N group. There was no significant difference between the L group and the N group. The histopathologic scores in the H and L groups were significantly lower than in the N group, and the histopathologic scores of the L group were higher than those of the H group. The TNF-alpha and IL-1 gene expression was increased in the N group. In the H group, the gene expression was significantly less than in the N group. The L group was not significantly different than N group in gene expression. CONCLUSIONS: The inflammatory gene expressions were increased in transient spinal ischemia. Hypothermia was neuroprotective in transient spinal ischemia. However, the lamotrigine showed only partial neuroprotective effects in transient spinal ischemia.
Animals ; Aortic Aneurysm ; Brain Ischemia ; Consensus ; Constriction ; Gene Expression* ; Halothane ; Hypotension ; Hypothermia* ; Interleukin-1 ; Ischemia* ; Neuroprotective Agents* ; Paralysis ; Rats* ; Reperfusion ; RNA, Messenger ; Spinal Cord ; Spinal Cord Ischemia ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

PURPOSE: The spontaneous seroconversion rate of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) virus infection in children is lower than that in adults. However, few studies have investigated the rate of transition from the immune-tolerant to the early immune-clearance phase in children. METHODS: From February 2000 to August 2011, we enrolled 133 children aged <18 years who had visited the Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University Hospital. All subjects were in the immune-tolerant phase of HBeAg-positive CHB virus infection. The estimated transition rate into the early immune-clearance phase was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Among the 133 enrolled pediatric CHB virus infection patients in the HBeAg-positive immune-tolerant phase, only 21 children (15.8%) had converted to the early immune-clearance phase. The average age at entry into active hepatitis was 10.6+/-4.8 years. The incidence of transition from the immune-tolerant to the early immune-clearance phase in these children was 1.7 episodes/100 patient-years. When analyzed by age, the estimated transition rate was 4.6%, 7.1%, and 28.0% for patients aged <6, 6-12, >12 years, respectively. CONCLUSION: In children with CHB virus infection, the estimated rate of entry into the early immune-clearance phase was 28.0% for patients aged 12-18 years, which was significantly higher than that observed for children aged <12 years (11.7%; p=0.001).
Adult ; Child* ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis B ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis B, Chronic* ; Hepatitis, Chronic* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Natural History ; Pediatrics ; Phase Transition

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical and radiographic findings of localized foreign body (FB) granulomas onmammograms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study involved 13 patients with localized FB granulomas on mammograms;their history of mammoplasty or other plastic procedures was obtained by telephone interviews. Two radiologistsanalyzed the location and morphology of FB granulomas and the presence of associated linear densities orparenchymal distortion on mammograms. Four patients underwent ultrasonography. RESULTS: No patient had a historyof mammoplasty. All 13, however, had a history of plastic procedure, three to 22 (average, 12) years previously,as follows : foreign materials including silicone liquid and oil such as paraffin been injected into the anteriorneck area of nine patients, the infra-auricular area of two, and the nose of two. Multiple small, high-density,flocculent nodules representing FB granulomas were distributed bilaterally in nine patients; they were noted inthe upper inner portion of 11 of 26 breasts. In eight patients, mammograms showed linear opacities suggestingfibrosis. There was no calcification or parenchymal distortion. Though in three cases, the masses were palpable.Ultrasonography revealed several anechoic nodules with posterior enhancement in subcutaneous fatty layers, and inone, 0.2cc of oil droplet had been aspirated under ultrasonographic guidance. CONCLUSION: Localized FB granulomasof the breast could be caused by the migration of FB from cervicofacial areas. Mammography showed characteristicdistribution of upper inner portions, and the findings were similar to those of mild interstitial mammoplasty.
Breast* ; Female ; Foreign Bodies* ; Granuloma ; Granuloma, Foreign-Body* ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Mammaplasty ; Mammography ; Nose ; Paraffin ; Plastics ; Silicones ; Ultrasonography