No abstract available.
Peptides*

INTRODUCTION: Although it is well known that medical students are not getting an adequate amount of sleep, there have been only few studies on the sleep patterns of medical students in Korea. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the life style and sleep patterns of Korean medical students and the impact they have on the students' academic performance. METHODS: A questionnaire package was administered to the 3rd year medical students at the Seoul National University to examine their sleep patterns on weekdays and weekends. It consisted of questions asking about their lifestyles as well as Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and GPA (Grade Point Average) that are considered relevant to their sleep patterns. A total of 110 students (85 males and 25 females, mean age 24.4+/-20.6) responded to the survey and the result was analyzed using the independent t-test, the chi-square test, the paired t-test, Pearson's rank correlation and ANOVA. P-values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant in all analyses. RESULTS: The weekend bedtime was significantly delayed (01:24 on weekday; 03:12 on weekend; t=-5.23, p<0.01), the weekend rise time was delayed (07:36 on weekday; 10:30 on weekend; t=-24.48, p<0.01) and the total sleep time was increased on weekends (5:57 on weekday; 8:17 on weekend; t=15.94, p<0.01). They wished to sleep for 7 hours 6 minutes which was different from their actual weekday total sleep time (t=-11.41, p<0.01). The poor sleeper group had lower GPAs than the good sleeper group (t=2.05, p<0.05). The GPA of medical students were negatively correlated with age (r=-0.23, p<0.05), daily amount of smoking (r=-0.78, p<0.01), total amount of smoking (r=-0.75, p<0.01), weekday sleep latency (r=-0.23, p<0.05), weekend sleep latency (r=-0.23, p<0.05) and PSQI score (r=-0.30, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Medical students were experiencing a lack of sleep during weekdays as they have a later bedtime and earlier rise time, and consequently had more hours of sleep on weekends. Overall, the responded students were experiencing poor sleep quality, and the GPAs of the poor sleeper group were lower than those of the good sleeper group.
Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Life Style ; Male ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Students, Medical

No abstract available.
Hip* ; Natural History* ; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate*

No abstract available.
Toes*

Ligamentous injury of the knee which could be easily occur in sports or traffic accidents resulted in more and severe disability than that of other joints. Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament which restrain hyperextension, excessive rotation and anterior motion of tibia on femur is the most frequent and significant injury of the knee. Its treatment and clinical significance is one of the most controversial issue and its incidence tends to increase. From 1983 to 1985, modified Scott operation were performed on 10 patients at the department of orthopedic surgery, Chung Ang university hospital. Following results are obtained. 1. No limitation of range of motion of the knee was developed. 2. Intra-articular fixation by use of pull-out wire was done and special consideration was done for the site of fixation on tibia plateau and method of dilatation of posterior capsule. 3. Of the ten patients, nine had negative anterior drawer test, postoperatively.
Accidents, Traffic ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Dilatation ; Femur ; Humans ; Incidence ; Joints ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Rupture ; Sports ; Tibia

Urinary cytology has become an essential element in the diagnosis and management of transitional cell carcinoma(TCC) of the urinary tract. It has the advantage of being noninvasive, inexpensive, and easily accessible. Besides that it can even detect malignancy when unsuspected at cystoscopy. We report a retrospective review of urine cytology in the diagnosis of 83 TCC cases that underwent 295 cytologic evaluation. All patients had biopsy-proven TCC of the bladder, ureter and renal pelvis. The overall inci- dence of the positive cytology cases was 66.2%. To define the cytologic features of tumor cells, we tried to use three cytologic gradings such as "grade 1", "grade 2", and "grade 3" according to the cytologic degree of anaplastic neoplastic cells. These cytologic gades of TCC were relatively well correlated with the histologic grade and tumor invasiveness. This result suggests that the recognition of characteristic cellular features of TCC can suspect the histologic grade and tumor stage. The false negative TCC cases were 78.9%. They showed severe inflammatory or bloody background and a few neoplastic cells. Therefore, a cautious approach for accurate interpretation, personal experience, and proper fixation and processing could expand the role of urinary cytology.
Cystoscopy ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Kidney Pelvis ; Nocturnal Enuresis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors* ; Thyroid Gland ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Tract

Although uterine arterovenous malformation(AVM) is a rare cause of menorrhagia or postmenopausal bleeding, it is important to consider that curettage may precipitate life-threatening hemorrhage and therefore it is contraindicated when AVM is suspected. Special investigations such as hysteroscopy, Doppler flow ultrasound and angiography are important diagnostic tools, and transarterial embolization(TAE) has replaced hysterectomy as the treatment of choice in women who wish to retain their fertility. But due to the high incidence of collateral vessels, recurrence of the vascular malformation after TAE is common. We have experienced two cases of AVM, one of which was managed by TAE in combination with surgical arterial ligation.
Angiography ; Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Curettage ; Female ; Fertility ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Hysteroscopy ; Incidence ; Ligation* ; Menorrhagia ; Recurrence ; Ultrasonography ; Vascular Malformations

In order to determine paternity by genetic testing, the Paternity Index (PI) and probability of paternity are calculated using likelihood ratio method. However, when it is necessary, additional testing can be performed to validate the genetic relationship. This research demonstrates autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) results of Jeju Island population in order to determine genetic relationship. Two notable cases showed that despite the acceptable PI value obtained from STR testing, average of 12 mismatches were found in total of 169 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphism typing. Such cases imply that cautious statistical approach is necessary when determining genetic relationship, especially within an isolated population group. Moreover, this would suggest that a further research and investigation are needed in order to understand the population structure of Korea.
Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Korea ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Paternity* ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Population Groups

No abstract available.
Pierre Robin Syndrome*

Xanthoma is a relatively rare soft tissue lesion on the Achilles tendon and is usually associated with hyperlipidemia (lipid metabolism abnormality), mental retardation, cataract and atherosclerotic disease. We report on a case of normolipidemic bilateral Achilles tendon xanthoma without any notable cause. We herein describe the case where we achieved a satisfactory result by subtotal resection.
Achilles Tendon* ; Cataract ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Intellectual Disability ; Metabolism ; Xanthomatosis*