Animals ; Antibodies ; immunology ; Cattle ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Immunoassay ; methods ; Meat Products ; analysis ; Testosterone ; analysis

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical value of ultrasonography in the detection of median nerve in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).MethodsMedian nerve was detected in 70 healthy adults (control group) and 43 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (diabetes mellitus group) by color Doppler ultrasonography.The type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were divided into two groups according to the duration of the disease:＜ 10 years group (26 cases) and ≥ 10 years group( 17 cases).And they were divided into two groups according to the random plasma glucose (RPG):RPG ＜ 15 mmol/L group(28 cases) and RPG≥ 15mmol/L group ( 15 cases).The nerve cross section area (CSA) was taken at the level of the pisiform.Results The median nerve in diabetes mellitus group had decreased echogenicity and increased color in it.The CSA of the median nerve in diabetes mellitus group was significantly higher than that in control group [ ( 10.3 ± 2.1 )mm2 vs. (8.3:± 1.7) mm2 ] (P ＜ 0.01 ).The C SA of the median nerve in ≥ 10 years group was significantly higher than that in ＜10 years group [ ( 12.3 ± 2.0) mm2 vs.( 10.2 ± 2.6) mm2] (P ＜ 0.01 ).The CSA of the median nerve in RPG ≥ 15 mmol/L group was significantly higher than that in RPG ＜ 15 mmol/L group [ ( 11.7 ± 1.8) mm2 vs.(9.6 ± 2.7 ) mm2 ] (P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionColor Doppler ultrasonography examination may reveal morphology of median nerve and is useful for the diagnosis of DPN.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Memantine ; therapeutic use ; Platelet Activating Factor ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Humans ; Microvessels ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; pathology

Objective To explore the clinical value of gastric bare area (GBA) for the prognosis of gastric fundus and cardia carcinoma.Methods The data of 82 patients with gastric fundus and cardia carcinoma from January 2010 to December 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into group A (49 cases) with cancer cell invasion in GBA and group B (33 cases) without invasion in GBA.All the patients underwent D2 gastrectomy plus surgical resection of GBA and were treated by 6 cycles of postoperative FOLFOX-4 chemotherapy scheme.Postoperative follow-up and survival analysis were carried out for patients in both groups.Results According to survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier method),the postoperative 1-,2-and 3-year cumulative survival rates of the patients in group A were 91.8 ％,57.3 ％ and 29.0 ％,respectively,while those of the patients in group B were 93.9 ％,75.0 ％ and 48.2 ％,respectively.The median survival times of the patients in group A and group B were 27.0 months and 36.0 months,respectively,which was demonstrated existing statistical significance(X2 =4.972,P =0.026).Conclusions The prognosis of gastric fundus and cardia carcinoma patients with invasion in GBA by cancer cells is poor.Surgical resection of GBA may help to improve the prognosis of the patients with gastric fundus and cardia carcinoma.

Protamex,flavorzyme and neutrase were used for bienzyme hydrolysis of Mytilus edulis.Protamex and flavorzyme were determined as the optimal hydrolases by analysis of hydrolysis effects.After bienzyme hydrolysis,ester forming yeast fermentation was used to prepare seasoner.The effects of fermentation of single or compound strains on the value of FAN were detected by formaldehyde titration method.The results showed that the value of FAN was 0.65% when the conditions of ester forming yeast 1274 were as follows:inoculation volume 5%(v/v),fermentation temperature 28℃ and culture time 72h after bienzyme hydrolysis;the value of FAN was 0.78% when the hydrolytic solution was fermented by compound strains including ester forming yeast 1274 and 1202 under the same fermentation conditions.After fermentation of ester forming yeast,the seasoner gave a full-bodied smell of ester with fermentation flavour.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of serotonin (5-HTIA) receptors in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) on active avoidance learning in rats.

METHODSTotally 36 SD rats were randomly divided into control group, antagonist group and agonist group(n = 12). Active avoidance learning ability of rats was assessed by the shuttle box. The extracellular concentrations of 5-HT in the DG during active avoidance conditioned reflex were measured by microdialysis and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques. Then the antagonist (WAY-100635) or agonist (8-OH-DPAT) of the 5-HT1A receptors were microinjected into the DG region, and the active avoidance learning was measured.

RESULTS(1) During the active avoidance learning, the concentration of 5-HT in the hippocampal DG was significantly increased in the extinction but not establishment in the conditioned reflex, which reached 164.90% ± 26.07% (P <0.05) of basal level. (2) The microinjection of WAY-100635 (an antagonist of 5-HT1A receptor) into the DG did not significantly affect the active avoidance learning. (3) The microinjection of 8-OH-DPAT(an agonist of 5-HT1A receptor) into the DG significantly facilitated the establishment process and inhibited the extinction process during active avoidance conditioned reflex.

CONCLUSIONThe data suggest that activation of 5-HT1A receptors in hipocampal DG may facilitate active avoidance learning and memory in rats.

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Avoidance Learning ; Dentate Gyrus ; physiology ; Piperazines ; pharmacology ; Pyridines ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A ; physiology ; Serotonin ; physiology ; Serotonin Receptor Agonists ; pharmacology

Objective To determine the influence of protein fusion on the biological characteris- tics of hymidine kinase(TK)and human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)Tat recombinant protein. Methods By utilizing polymerase chain reaction(PCR)technique,different fragments containing two,four or six glycines(Gly)were inserted between the HIV Tat gene and TK,and cloned into PBK vector.After testified by sequencing,the vectors were transfected into E coli.After induced by iso- propyl thiogalactose(IPTG),bacilli were collected and destructed by ultrasonic,the fusion proteins were determined by monoclonal antibody against HIV protein.HepG2 cells were incubated in DMEM supplement with 10?g/mL HIV-Gly(n)-TK(n=0,2,4,6)fusion protein,TK-HIV Tat and only HIV Tat.HepG2 cells in different groups were detected by immunofluorescence assay 24 hours after transduction with HIV Tat monoclonal antibody.The rate of apoptosis after cells were incubated with gencilovir(10?g/mL)for 3 days was determined by cell flow cytometry,while survival cell ratio was recorded by trypan blue.The data were analyzed by statistics(t-test).Results The Tat-Gly(n)-TK (n= 0,2,4,6)recombinant genes were constructed and inserted into PBK vectors,which were expressed in E coli and then purified.Cells in different groups,which were incubated with Tat-Gly (n)-TK(n=0,2,4,6)fusion proteins,Tat-TK fusion protein,TK-Tat fusion proteins or only Tat proteins respectively,were detected by immunofluorescence assay.The intensities of fluorescence in different groups were almost same,but the ratios of cell survival or apoptosis were different.The highest ratio of cells apoptosis(14.77%)was in the group that cellular culture medium was mixed with Tat-Gly(4)-TK fusion protein,followed by the groups containing 6,2 glycines or no TK gene in genes(4.30%,12.69% and 1.03%,respectively).There were significant differences between each 2 groups among the all groups(t-test,P

In order to make students have integrative qualities and reform the shortage of former teaching methods in the food microbiology experiment,a new experiment teaching system was established,introducina the integrative and innovative experiment to the students gradually.The reformation of experiment in food microbiology has trained the students well and improved their special skills.Most important of all,it can offer them a chance to realize their own ideas.The students can design an innovative and integrative experiment to carry out their originalities.Good effects have been made since this system is very helpful to improve their consciousness of innovation and integrative abilities in doing experiments.

objective The roles of TLRs and their signal pathway in gouty arthritis(GA)were explored.Methods TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA was measured using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)in PBMCs,IL-1β level was detected using ELISA in plasma,and NF-κB p65 protein level in PBMCs was measured using Western blot.Level of TLR2 mRNA,ILR4 mRNA,IL-1β,NF-κB p65protein was compared among acute GA,non-acute GA and healthy controls.Correlation between TLR2mRNA,TLR4 mRNA and serum uric acid,IL-1β level in GA patients was analyzed.One-way ANOVA was used to analyze data between multiple groups and q-test was used for two-two comparison.Spearman's analysis was applied for correlation analysis.Resuits The expression of TLR4 mRNA,NF-KB p65 protein,IL-1β arid serum uric acid level in patients with acute GA [(5.0±1.2), (7.11±0.18), (283±83)pg/ml,[585±123)μmol/L] was significantly increased compared to non-acute GA[(2.3±0.4),(0.63±0.06),(134±29)pg/ml,(493±107)μmol/Lj and healthy controls(1.1±0.6),(0.52±0.12),(97±17)pg/ml,(326±65)μmol/L](P<0.01,respectively).Significant diffefence was also observed between non-acute GA patients and healthy controls(P<0.05,respectively).The level of TLRR4 mRNA was positively correlated with uric acid and IL-1β level in GA patients(rs=0.876,0.779;P<0.05,respectively).Conclusion Innate immunity are activated by membrane-type pattern recognition receptors in primary GA.TLR4-NFκB p65-IL-1β signat transduction may participate in the inflammatory mechanisms of gout.Urate crystals in patients with gout may:be involved in the activation of TLR4 and its signal pathway.