OBJECTIVE:To estimate the uncertainty in the content determination of azithromycin granules by microbiological method.METHODS:The origin and degree of uncertainty in the content determination of azithromycin granules by microbiological method were analyzed and evaluated in accordance with the standard given in JJF1059-1999 "Evaluation and Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement".RESULTS:The expanded uncertainty was 5 420.0 IU/bag,and the results of the determination can be expressed as(103 838.0?5 420.0)IU/bag.The uncertainty was chiefly originated from method design,followed by solution dilution.CONCLUSIONS:The degree of uncertainty for the content determination of antibiotic drugs by microbiological method can be effectively reduced by suitable method design and reducing the times of dilution.

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow stroma are able to differentiate into multiple mesoderm-type cell lineages. Because of the ease of their isolation and their extensive differentiated potentiality, mesenchymal stem cells become potential resource of cell and gene therapy. OBJECTIVE: To summarize biological characteristics and application of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. RETRIEVAL STRATEGY:An online search of Pubmed was undertaken by using the keywords of "Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, gene therapy, transplant"to identify the relevant articles published in English from January 1999 to December 2006. At the same time,Wanfang database was undertaken to identify the relevant articles published between January 1999 and December 2006 with the key words of "Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, gene therapy, transplant" in Chinese.The data were selected primarily, and then quotations of each article were checked. Inclusive criterion:The articles related to the biological characteristics and application of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were included. Exclusive criteria:the articles with repetitive research or Meta analysis were excluded.Totally 95 relevant articles were selected and 78 of them met the inclusive criterion. The 45 excluded articles were of old or repetitive content. LITERATURE EVALUATION: Selected articles were on basic experiment or clinical study of the biological characteristics, cell transplantation and gene therapy of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Totally 33 articles of the 78 articles met the inclusive criterion were included. Of them, 4 articles were on the isolation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, 3 on surface marker of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, 6 on biological characteristics of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, 3 on immune response between bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation and host and 17 on the application of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on disease therapy. DATA SYNTHESIS: In the suitable condition, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into multiple cells, such as bone, chondrocytes, fat, muscle, tendon, neuron-like cells, myocardial cells and stroma-cells that support hematopoietic stem cells. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells seem to be the cells of immunosuppression and low-down immunogenicity. It makes bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells used in systemic transplantation, local implantation, as a vehicle for genes in gene therapy protocols or to generate transplantable tissues and organs in tissue engineering protocols. The results of these initial trials are very encouraging in animal test and several clinical trials are successful in some patients. But the enough clinical trails and long-term safety of therapeutics based on bone mesenchymal stem cells are needed. CONCLUSION: Biological characteristics of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have been gradually recognized. It is hoped that using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in clinic will bring major advances in the therapy of some diseases.

ECV304 was reported first in 1990 as a spont aneously-transformed and immortalized cell line derived from a Japanese HUVEC. S ubsequently, many studies validated that the ECV304 is a permanent endothelial cell line. It has been used widely as an endothelial cell model and an useful re search tool in biomedicine and pharmacology. However, several distinct differenc es exist between ECV304 and HUVEC. Some studies even pointed out that ECV304 is not of HUVEC origin. According to the research data including ours, this reporte dly endothelial-derived permanent human cell line ECV304 may be dedifferentiated towards an epithelial phenotype. It is therefore not an appropriate cell line t o study endothelial cell biology. But cultured ECV304 cells can still be used as a model, tool or target in the pathophysiological and pharmacological studies, depending on whether or not their functional expression or markers are suitable for the research work.

Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; Submarine Medicine ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood ; Young Adult

Objeetive To explore the correlative factors of early progressive motor deficits in cerebral infarction of moderately size in basal ganglia and the relationship between motor deficit progression and the stem lesion of middle cerebral artery.Methods One hundred and fifty patients with single acute infarction located in white matter of basal ganglia region were recruited in this study retrospectively.All patients were performed brain and neck MRI and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) within 72 h after onset.They were divided into two groups based on the maximal diameter of infarction on diffuse weighing imaging(DWI):moderate size infarction group(75 patients,maximal diameter of infarction from 1.5 cm to 3.0 cm) and lacunar infarction group(75 patients,maximal diameter of infarction lower than 1.5 cm).The scores of dynamic National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS) in 7 d after the admission and multiple Logistic regression analysis were used and the risk factors of the early progressive motor deficits were analyzed.Results The rate of early progressive motor deficits in moderate size infarction group was significant higher than that in lacunar infarction group [32.0 ％ (24/75) vs.8.0 ％ (6f75)] (P ＜ 0.05).The multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that elevated systolic blood pressure on admission was the independent risk factor for early progressive motor deficits (P =0.016).The rate of stem lesion of middle cerebral artery in moderate size infarction group was significantly higher than that in lacunar infarction group [41.3 ％ (31/75) vs.9.3 ％ (7/75)] (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Patients with acute single infarction located in white matter of basal ganglia and with the diameter of 1.5-3.0 cm are more prone to early progressive motor deficits and elevated systolic blood pressure on admission is the most significantly independent factor.The pathogenic mechanism may be associated with the stem lesion of middle cerebral artery.

objective To investigate the effects of health management on the progress of early diabetic nephropathy (DN).Methods A total of 98 patients with early stage DN were randomly assigned to the study group (n =49 ) and the control group (n =49 ).Questionnaire survey was performed,and urinary albumin to creatinine rate (ACR),body weight,fasting glucose,postprandial 2 h glucose,blood pressure,and lipid profiles were measured.The patients of the study group received health and disease management for 3 years; however,those of the control group received no additional intervention other than essential treatment. At 3 years, all the participants completed the questionnaires and above-mentioned measurements.Results In comparison with the control group,ACR of the study group was significantly decreased at 3 years ( P ＜ 0.05 ).In the control group,urinary protein was found in 15 patients and 3participants developed end-stage renal disease.However,neither urinary protein nor end-stage renal disease was found in the study group.Risk factors of DN,including high blood glucose,high blood pressure,and high cholesterol,were significantly decreased in the study group (all P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Early effective health management of DN may contribute to decreased risk factors of renal disease and delayed disease progression.

ObjectiveTo investigate feasibility of use of glucose injection instead of glucose powder in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). MethodsSixty healthy adult volunteers without history of diabetes were recruited for a standard OGTT with 75 g anhydrous glucose powder first. One week later, they were randomly divided into two groups, each of the one group (30 volunteers) orally took seven ampoules (20 ml/ampoule) and each of the other group (30 volunteer) took 7.5 ampoules of 50％ glucose injection for OGTT again, as compared to those with standard OGTT.Plasma levels of glucose and insulin were examined to evaluate whether different forms and dosage of glucose had similar results in OGTT. ResultsIn 23 volunteers with normal glucose tolerance, their plasma levels of glucose were ( 4. 8 ± 0. 4 ), ( 6. 7 ±0. 6), (5.9 ±0. 8), (5.5 ±0. 9) and (4. 8 ±0. 9) mmol/L at 0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min after oral load with 75 g anhydrous glucose powder, respectively. These values changed to (4. 8 ± 0. 3 ), (7.5 ± 1.1 ),(6.8±1.8), (6.3 ±1.0) and (4.6 ±1.2) mmol/Lor (4.7 ±0.3), (7.2±1.3), (6.1 ±1.1),(5.6 ± 0. 9 ) and (4. 3 ± 0. 9) mmol/L after oral load with seven ampoules ( 15 volunteers) or 7. 5 ampoules of (8 volunteers ) of 50％ glucose injection, respectively.With standard OGTT, 37 cases of impaired glucose tolerance were found from 60 volunteers tested, and their plasma levels of glucose were (5. 2 ±0.6), (9. 1 ±1.4), (8.9 ±2.6), (6.7±2.0) and (4.7 ±1.0) mmol/L at 0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min after oral load with 75 g anhydrous glucose powder, respectively; (5. 1 ± 0. 7 ), ( 8. 8 ± 1. 7 ), (9. 0 ±3.0), (7.3±2.2) and (5.1 ±1.1) mmol/L (15 volunteers) or (5.3 ±0.6), (8.8 ±1.9), (8.5 ±2. 4), (6. 6 ± 1.4) and (4. 8 ± 1.6) mmol/L (22 volunteers) at 0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min after oral load with seven or 7.5 ampoules of 50％ glucose injection, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between varied methods.Normal serum level of insulin was found in 38 of 60 volunteers, with their logarithmic transformation of serum insulin levels of 1.5 ± 0. 3, 3.9 ± 0. 3, 3.7 ± 0. 4, 3.2 ± 0. 6 and 2.2 ±0. 8 at 0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, respectively after glucose load in standard OGTT, and 20 of 38 volunteers with normal serum insulin of 1.7 ± 0. 4, 3.9 ± 0.4, 3.4 ± 0. 7, 3.3 ± 0. 8 and 2. 4 ± 0. 7 at 0,30, 60, 120 and 180 min after oral load with seven ampoules of 50％ glucose injection, respectively, or 18 of 38 with normal serum insulin of 1.7 ± 0. 4, 3.9 ± 0. 4, 3.8 ± 0. 5, 3. 3 ± 0. 7 and 2. 3 ± 1.0 at 0, 30,60, 120 and 180 min after oral load with 7. 5 ampoules of 50％ glucose injection, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between varied methods. Twenty-two cases of high serum level of insulin were found from 60 volunteers with standard OGTT, with their logarithmic transformation of serum insulin of 2.2±0.6, 4.7 ±0.5, 4.9±0.7, 4.2 t 1.0 and 2. 8 ±0.9 at0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min after oral load with 75 g anhydrous glucose powder, respectively; 10 of 22 volunteers were found with high serum insulin level of its logarithmic transformation of 2. 4 ± 0. 6, 4. 7 ± 0. 5, 4. 7 ± 0. 3, 4. 1 ± 0. 8 and 2. 8 ± 1.1 at 0,30, 60, 120 and 180 min after oral load with seven ampoules of 50％ glucose injection, respectively ; and 12 of 22 volunteers were found with high serum insulin level of its logarithmic transformation of 1.9 ± 0. 5,4. 5 ± 0. 6, 4. 6 ± 0. 6, 3. 7 ± 1.0 and 2. 4 ± 0. 9 at 0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min after oral load with 7. 5ampoules of 50％ glucose injection, respectively; with no significant difference between varied methods.There also was no statistically significant difference in occurrence of adverse effects between these three OGTT methods. ConclusionsEither seven or 7. 5 ampoules of 50％ glucose injection can substitute 75 g anhydrous glucose powder in OGTT, with similar test results and safety.

Objective To establish the procedural pain nursing care protocols to improve the management of perioperative pain in elderly patients after total knee replacement,as well as to relief postoperative pain,and promote the rehabilitation.Methods 82 patients were randomly divided into the control group (45 cases) and the intervention group (37 cases).The control group was controlled by usual care,and the intervention group was offered with the standardized pain nursing care.The scores for postoperative pain,the satisfaction for analgesia,the complications associated with analgesia and the injection rate of Dolantin at 24,48,72h postoperatively were compared between two groups.Results The score for postoperative pain at rest in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group at 24 h postoperatively,but there was no statistical difference at 48 h and 72 h postoperatively.Pain scores during passive activity at 24,48h,and 72h postoperatively were significantly lower in the intervention group when compared with that of the control group.The rates of side effects at 24,48,72h postoperatively in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group.The injection rate of Dolantin in the control group were significantly higher than that in the intervention group.The score for both analgesia and life satisfactory in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the intervention group at 24,48,72h postoperatively.Conclusions Procedural pain nursing care can reduce the pestoperative pain,complications and the injection rate of Dolantin in patients after total knee replacement.It can also improve elderly patients' satisfaction of analgesia and promote early recovery of their joint function.

Objective To explore the timing of surgical intervention for severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Meth-ods One hundred and fifty-seven cases with SAP treated in our hospital from March, 1998 to December, 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. Influence of surgical intervention and conservative treatment on curative rate were e-valuated in pancreatic necrotic area and with or without infected pancreatic necrosis. Results The overall curative rate of surgical treatment and conservative treatment was 80.4%, 87.1% respectively; the two methods had no sta-tistical difference. Conservative treatment was better than surgical treatment in patients with lesa than 30% necrotic area and surgical treatment was better than conservative treatment in patients with more than 50% necrotic area. But the two methods had no statistical difference in 30% ～ 50% necrotic area. Conservative management was better than surgical management in sterile pancreatic necrosis, but surgical management was better than conservative manage-ment in pancreatic necrosis with infection or suspection of infection. Conclusion Surgical intervention treatment plays an important role in SAP patients, we should combine pancreatic necrotic area and with or without infection to choose the timing of surgical intervention for severe acute pancreatitis.

Objective To evaluate objectively the traditional methods on the assessment of bladder outlet obstruction(BOO) due to BPH. Methods Correlation between the urodynamic findings and the traditional diagnostic parameters such as age,IPSS,Vp,Qmax z and PVRr was studied.The clinical prostatic score(CPS),derived from multiple regression of clinical parameters depending on URA,was evaluated. Results The parameters such as age,IPSS,Vp,Qmax z and PVRr were evaluated with reference to pressure flow study.Every parameter alone was not enough for BOO diagnosis. The regression equation was CPS=49.8-3.3 Qmax z+0.5 IPSS+0.2 Vp+7.5 PVRr.Correlation coefficient between CPS and urodynamic findings was 0.629 and was significantly higher than that of any clinical parameter alone.With CPS≥35,the sensitivity was 83.7% and specificity 85.8% for the diagnosis of BOO.With CPS