This article introduces some commonly used methods of ozone concentration detection, including chemical method, UV absorption method, and electrochemical method etc., introduces the latest four ozone concentration sensors, and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of each method. In addition, the article emphatically introduces the ozone's applications and development in the medical aspects. Prospects for the use of ozone concentration detection, ozone treatment and ozone therapy instrument are also demonstrated in it. The literature collected and reviewed on ozone concentration detection and ozone therapy includes 37 papers in English, and 50 papers in Chinese, but only 30 articles among them are included in this review (19 in Chinese and 11 in English), according to the principle of eliminating the old information and repetitive contents. The present paper selects only those on ozone, ozone concentration, ozone therapy and ozone therapy instrument.
Hepatitis ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Mouth Diseases ; drug therapy ; Ozone ; analysis ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo study Twist expression in thyroid papillary carcinoma (PTC) by immunohistochemistry and to assess its usefulness as marker in the differential diagnosis of PTC, follicular adenomas (FA) and benign papillary lesions (BPL).

METHODSFifty cases of PTC, 48 cases of FA and 47 cases of BPL were evaluated using manual tissue chip and SP immunohistochemical stain to detect the expression of Twist and HBME-1, and comparing the staining to that of cytokeratin 19 (CK19).

RESULTSIn PTC, positive rates of Twist, HBME-1 and CK19 were 100% (48/48), 94.0% (47/50) and 78.0% (39/ 50) respectively; in FA, positive rates were 0, 6.7% (3/45) and 0 respectively; in BPL, positive rates were 7.0% (3/34), 2.1% (1/47) and 0, respectively. The differences between PTC and FA and between PTC and BPL were both statistically significant (P = 0. 000). The sensitivity of Twist, HBME-1 and CK19 was 100%, 94.0% and 78.0%; the specifity was 96.4%, 95.7% and 100%; overall accurary was 97.7%, 95.1% and 91.9%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSPositive rates of Twist is higher than the other markers in PTC. Immunohistochemical staining of Twist has important significance in the differential diagnosis of thyroid lesions. Twist immunohistochemistry maybe helpful in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PTC.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular ; metabolism ; Adenocarcinoma, Papillary ; pathology ; Adenoma ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; immunology ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Galectin 3 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratin-19 ; genetics ; Keratins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Thyroid Nodule ; pathology ; Twist-Related Protein 1 ; genetics ; metabolism

LIN28 is an RNA binding protein with important roles in early embryo development, stem cell differentiation/reprogramming, tumorigenesis and metabolism. Previous studies have focused mainly on its role in the cytosol where it interacts with Let-7 microRNA precursors or mRNAs, and few have addressed LIN28's role within the nucleus. Here, we show that LIN28 displays dynamic temporal and spatial expression during murine embryo development. Maternal LIN28 expression drops upon exit from the 2-cell stage, and zygotic LIN28 protein is induced at the forming nucleolus during 4-cell to blastocyst stage development, to become dominantly expressed in the cytosol after implantation. In cultured pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), loss of LIN28 led to nucleolar stress and activation of a 2-cell/4-cell-like transcriptional program characterized by the expression of endogenous retrovirus genes. Mechanistically, LIN28 binds to small nucleolar RNAs and rRNA to maintain nucleolar integrity, and its loss leads to nucleolar phase separation defects, ribosomal stress and activation of P53 which in turn binds to and activates 2C transcription factor Dux. LIN28 also resides in a complex containing the nucleolar factor Nucleolin (NCL) and the transcriptional repressor TRIM28, and LIN28 loss leads to reduced occupancy of the NCL/TRIM28 complex on the Dux and rDNA loci, and thus de-repressed Dux and reduced rRNA expression. Lin28 knockout cells with nucleolar stress are more likely to assume a slowly cycling, translationally inert and anabolically inactive state, which is a part of previously unappreciated 2C-like transcriptional program. These findings elucidate novel roles for nucleolar LIN28 in PSCs, and a new mechanism linking 2C program and nucleolar functions in PSCs and early embryo development.
Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism* ; Embryonic Development ; Mice ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism* ; RNA, Messenger/genetics* ; RNA, Ribosomal ; RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism* ; Transcription Factors/metabolism* ; Zygote/metabolism*