Objective To explore the value of echocardiography in the diagnosis of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) in children.Methods The echocardiographic images of 14 patients with ALCAPA confirmed by operation and 18 patients with endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE) diagnosed by clinical were compared and analyzed.Results Both ALCAPA and EFE exhibited obvious dilated left ventricle,decreased left ventricular systolic function,thick endocardium and mitral regurgitation of different degree.The former additionally showed dilated right coronary artery(RCA) with normal origin,left coronary artery(LCA) emerging from the root or wall of the pulmonary artery(PA),the retrograde flow into PA in LCA and abundant collateral vessels in myocardium.However the later exhibited normal diameter of LCA and RCA and no collateral vessels.Conclusions Color Doppler echocardiography not only demonstrates left ventricular systolic function,endocardium,mitrial regurgitation and collateral vessels in myocardium,but also shows the origination and courses of LCA clearly,which provide exact informations to diagnose ALCAPA.The echocardiography can be used as a powerful tool of ALCAPA diagnosis and preoperative assessment.

Objective To investigate the effect of morphine preconditioning on mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) and its protective mechanism after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods A rat model of ischemia-reperfusion injury was established. Forty rats were injected with 2-3[H] DOG and then divided into 4 groups randomly: a sham operation (S) group, an ischemia-reperfusion injury (IR) group, a morphine preconditioning (Mp+IR) group, and a cyclosporine A preconditioning (CsA+IR) group. We monitored the concentrations of serum creatine kinase-Mb (CK-Mb) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and measured myocardial mitochondrial 2-3[H] DOG, cytochrome c content, Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]m), the velocity of Ca2+ intake and reaction half time of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP t1/2) in the 4 groups. Results The concentrations of serum CK-Mb and cTnI decreased more in the Mp+IR group and the CsA+IR group than those of the IR group. The concentrations of 2-3[H]DOG and [Ca2+]m in the IR group were evidently higher but the level of cytochrome c was lower than those of the sham operation group. The concentrations of 2-3[H] DOG and [Ca2+]m in the Mp+IR group decreased whereas the concentration of cytochrome c increased compared with those in the IR group. Mitochondrial 2-3[H]DOG content was positively correlated with the concentration of calcium (r=0.797, P<0.01). The 2-3[H]DOG and [Ca2+]m content were negatively correlated with cytochrome c in the IR group (r=-0.805 and r=-0.648, respectively, P<0.01). MPTP t1/2 in the IR group was shortened evidently, and that in the Mp+IR and CsA+IR group was significantly lengthened. Conclusion Morphine preconditioning may have myocardial protective effect through unburdening the calcium overload and lengthening the MPTP t1/2.

Medication has become the first-line option for the management of lower urinary tract symptoms induced by benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH) for its advantages in controlling the symptoms, inhibiting BPH progression, and reducing serious complications and surgical risks. Recent years have witnessed remarkable achievement in the studies of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is) in the treatment of LUTS/BPH. PDE5-Is can effectively alleviate LUTS/BPH, with even better efficacy when combined with al-ARAs.
Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Male ; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; complications

Objective To investigate the sequence variations of mitochondrial D-loop region in chronic glomerular nephritis patients and family members and their possible associations with chronic glomerular nephritis.Methods 20 patients with chronic glomerular nephritis and 48 unaffected pedigree members,as well as 122 cases of normal control were recruited.mtDNA extracted from peripheral blood were examined by PCR-based assay for D-loop sequence variations,followed by sequencing analysis.Results Compared with the normal control and standard sequence,a total of 61 sequence variants were detected,among these,three high variations were found,and the base variation rate of patients with chronic glomerular nephritis(CGN)and unaffected pedigree members(UAPM)(0.88%,0.72%)significantly increased compared with the control group(0.61%).The distibutional difference of base variation rate in the experimental groups were significantly higher than those in the control group(x2=21.220,7.964,all P<0.05).Especially in microsatellite variation in D310 region,the mutation frequency and base variation rate in patients with CGN were 100.00% and 30.00%,respectively,which of UAPM were 81.30% and 17.95%,respectively,while those in the normal control group were 53.30% and 6.05%,respectively.Among them,the patients with CGN compared with the control group had statistically significant differences(x2=15.610,150.047,all P<0.05).Likewise,UAPM also had statistically significant difference compared with the control group(x2=11.347,66.188,all P<0.05).Conclusion D-Loop of mitochondrial genome mutations may be related to the development of chronic glomerular nephritis.

Objective To evaluate the effects of low blood sugar production index (LGI) combined with low blood sugar production burden (LGL) dietary intervention on blood glucose, oxidative stress and anthropometric indicators in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods A total of 150 cases of type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into two groups,maintain the original treatment plan of two groups,75 patients in the control group were given traditional food interchange method for dietary intervention;the experimental group of 75 patients, provide food education based on LGI+LGI food exchange method , the time period of 3 months. Fasting blood glucose (FPG)、2h postprandial blood glucose (2hPG), Glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist circumference (WC) Upper arm muscle circumference (AMC), Triceps skin fold thickness (TSF) were observed before and after the intervention. Results There were no significant differences in blood glucose, oxidative stress and anthropometry between the two groups (P>0.05). After intervention, in the control group: FPG, 2hPG, HbAlc, SOD, MDA, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, BMI, WC, AMC, TSF were (10.27 ± 2.67) mmol/L, (11.51 ± 2.54) mmol/L, (8.78 ± 1.95)%, (322.73 ± 51.97) kU/L, (5.80 ± 1.76)μmol/L, (40.78±4.86)μmol/L, (19.33±4.79)μmol/L, (23.94±3.18) kg/m2, (89.57±10.23) cm, (24.10± 3.01) cm, (18.38 ± 3.79)mm respectively. In the experimental group: they were (8.76 ± 2.77) mmol/L, (10.63 ± 1.76) mmol/L, (7.96 ± 1.86)%, (357.29 ± 60.04) kU/L, (5.26 ± 1.33)μmol/L, (44.01 ± 7.06)μmol/L, (21.58 ± 5.25) μmol/L, (22.93 ± 2.75) kg/m2, (86.05 ± 10.79) cm, (22.75 ± 2.86) cm, (16.98 ± 4.48) mm respectively. There was significant difference between the two groups after intervention (t=2.049-3.769, all P < 0.05). In the experimental group, the improvement of blood sugar, oxidative stress and anthropometry was better than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions LGI combined with LGL diet intervention is better than the traditional method of food interchange, the blood glucose, oxidative stress and anthropometric indicators have improved, which can improve treatment efficacy in type 2 diabetes and easy for home self-management.

Metal sulfides are chemically attacked by Fe~ 3+ and H~+, resulting in the formation of elemental sulfur via polysulfides or thiosulfate pathway. Elemental sulfur may aggregate and even form a layer on the metal sulfide surface, which will inhibit leaching metals from the sulfides minerals. Elimination of inert elemental sulfur in a typical acidic environment can exclusively be by way of oxidation of acidophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, such a way includes the attachment, transport and oxidation process of elemental sulfur by acidophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. On the basis of analysis on the pertinent researches, the molecular mechanism of sulfur elimination by the acidophilic bacteria is far away from elucidated, and to attain that target, there are still much work to be done for elucidating the molecular mechanism on the attachment, transport and oxidation process of elemental sulfur by the acidophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria.

Objective To evaluate the value of echocardiography method for diagnosis of the downward displacement of the posterior leaflet of tricuspid valve with apical right heart two chamber view (AP-RH-2CV). Methods Rotating the probe clockwise from apical four chamber view(AP-4CV) to AP-RH-2CV at the septial and posterior leaflet of tricuspid valve, the shape, moving and position of the posterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve were observed by displaying the degree of downward displacement of the septial and posterior leaflet of tricuspid valve. The location of the orifice of tricuspid regurgitation was examined by color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI). Results In 15 patients with Ebstein's anomaly from the AP-RH-2CV, the downward displacement of posterior leaflet of tricuspid valve was clearly observed at the AP-RH-2CV. These results of echocardiography were confirmed by surgery except one ease missing out mild downward displacement of the anterior leaflet of tricuspid valve. Moreover, all 15 patients showed the obvious downward displacement of the location of the orifice of tricuspid regurgitation from AP-RH-2CV by CDFI. Conclusions The AP-RH-2CV is an ideal view in diagnosis of the downward displacement of the posterior leaflet of tricuspid valve by echocardiography. The downward displacement of the location of the orifice of tricuspid regurgitation is a critical character for diagnosis of the downward displacement of the posterior leaflet of tricuspid valve by CDFI.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the characteristics and factors of ADR caused by Chinese patent medicine(CPM)and to provide reference for rational drug use and safety evaluation in the clinic. METHODS:158 cases of ADR caused by CPM collect-ed from our hospital during Jan.2009-Dec.2014 were analyzed. RESULTS:The occurrence of ADR caused by CPM was related to patient’s age,route of administration,category of drugs,irrational drug-use and so on. The incidence of ADR in patients over the age of 60 was the highest (31.01%),the largest number of ADR were caused by intravenous injection (79.11%),ADRs were most likely caused by blood-regulating preparation and dissipate blood stasis preparation (79.75%);ADR manifested as lesion of skin and its appendents(43.01%),followed by gastro-intestinal injury(16.06%)and whole-general injury(10.36%). The severe ADR was anaphylactoid reaction;after symptomatic treatment,the prognosis is good. CONCLUSIONS:According to syndrome differentiation and individual difference,CPM should be used rationally,and great importance should be attached to drug use moni-toring to reduce the incidence of ADR.

As an important part of Chinese medicinal materials, uncommon-territorial herbs are also the most complex parts in the herbal medicine markets. Through years of investigation on the key markets of Chinese herbal medicine, the meaning of uncommon-territorial herbs, their historical evolution, origin and characteristics were clarified in this paper, and some countermeasures were put forward for its development.
Biological Evolution ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; history ; Herbal Medicine ; history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; growth & development

In the present study, packaging system composed of pAAV-CMV-GFP, pAAV-RC and pHelper were transfected into human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK293 cells) mediated by polyethyleneimine (PEI) to explore an optimal transfection condition. Different total plasmid DNA dosages (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 μg) and different PEI/Plasmid ratios (1:1, 3:1, 5:1, 7:1) were tested with detection of green fluorescence protein (GFP) with ImagePro Plus6. 0 Software. Then transfection efficiency of the optimized transfection system was further observed for different time periods(12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 h). The results showed that total plasmid dosage of 4 μg/well with PEI/plasmid ratio of 3 : 1-5 : 1 was an efficient transfection condition. Transfection efficiency-time curve was an S-shaped curve. Transfection efficiency reached a plateau at 60 h after transfection. The optimized conditions for PEI-mediated transfection at the optimal time result in enhanced transfection efficiency of triple plasmid into HEK293 cells.
Green Fluorescent Proteins ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Plasmids ; Polyethyleneimine ; Transfection ; methods