Chromoendoscopy using Lugol's iodine solution is widely used to improve the detection of esophageal dysplasia or early squamous carcinoma. Although the solution helps to notice esophageal lesions and to delineate the lesions more clearly, it can cause mucosal irritation leading to retrosternal pain and epigastric discomfort infrequently. We report a case of acute gastric mucosal injury after application of Lugol's solution during chromoendoscopy in a 63-year-old woman.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Iodides ; Iodine ; Middle Aged ; Mucous Membrane

Papillary thyroid carcinomas comprise approximately 80 percent of all thyroid cancers, but haves a good prognosis, with overall survival rates at 10 years of about 80 to 95 percent. They spreads through the lymphatic system, and the lung is the most frequent metastasis site. If distant metastasis is present, the overall survival rate is about 40 percent. Although malignant pleural effusion, with pleural metastasis is a rare complication in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma, the development of malignant pleural effusion is an extremely adverse prognostic indicator. We recently experienced a case of malignant pleural effusion with papillary thyroid carcinoma. A 54-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of dyspnea. A chest X-ray showed massive pleural effusion in the right hemithorax. Previously total thyroidectomy, and iodine-131 therapy had been performed, but a local recurrence and pulmonary metastasis developed 5 years later, accompanied by malignant pleural effusion with pleural metastasis. We performed diagnostic thoracentesis, which confirmed a metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma. This patient was a rare case of paplillary thyroid carcinoma, in which the disease was represented by a rapid deterioration with malignant pleural effusion. So we report this case with a review of the literature.
Dyspnea ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; Lymphatic System ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Pleural Effusion ; Pleural Effusion, Malignant* ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Survival Rate ; Thorax ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms* ; Thyroidectomy

We demonstrated previously that Coptidis rhizoma extract (CRE) prevented S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine-induced apoptotic cell death via the inhibition of mitochondrial membrane potential disruption and cytochrome c release in RINm5F (RIN) rat insulinoma cells. In this study, the preventive effects of CRE against cytokine-induced beta-cell death was assessed. Cytokines generated by immune cells infiltrating pancreatic islets are crucial mediators of beta-cell destruction in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The treatment of RIN cells with IL-1beta and IFN-gamma resulted in a reduction of cell viability. CRE completely protected IL-1beta and IFN-gamma-mediated cell death in a concentration-dependent manner. Incubation with CRE induced a significant suppression of IL-1beta and IFN-gamma-induced nitric oxide (NO) production, a finding which correlated well with reduced levels of the iNOS mRNA and protein. The molecular mechanism by which CRE inhibited iNOS gene expression appeared to involve the inhibition of NF-kappa B activation. The IL-1beta and IFN-gamma-stimulated RIN cells showed increases in NF-kappa B binding activity and p65 subunit levels in nucleus, and IkappaBalpha degradation in cytosol compared to unstimulated cells. Furthermore, the protective effects of CRE were verified via the observation of reduced NO generation and iNOS expression, and normal insulin-secretion responses to glucose in IL-1beta and IFN-gamma-treated islets.
Animals ; Cell Death/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/*pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects ; Glucose/pharmacology ; I-kappa B Proteins/metabolism ; Insulin/secretion ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/*cytology/*drug effects/enzymology ; Interferon-gamma/*pharmacology ; Interleukin-1beta/*pharmacology ; Male ; NF-kappa B/*metabolism ; Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Transport/drug effects ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

This study was performed to investigate the effect of desalinated underground seawater (named as 'magma seawater', MSW) of Jeju Island in Korea on lipid metabolism and antioxidant activity. MSW was collected from underground of Han-Dong in Jeju Island, and freely given to high fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6 mice for 10 weeks. Although there were no significant differences in the body weight changes and plasma lipid levels, hepatic triglyceride levels were significantly lower in the MSW group than in the normal tap water (TW)-drunken control group. Furthermore, the activity of fatty acid synthase (FAS) was significantly decreased and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) activity was increased in MSW group compared to TW group. Similarly, real-time PCR analysis revealed that mRNA expressions of lipogenic genes were lowered in MSW groups compared to the control group. In a morphometric observation on the liver tissue, accumulation of fats was remarkably reduced in MSW group. Meanwhile, in vitro assay, free radical scavenging activity measured by using diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was increased in MSW group. The 2'-7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) staining followed with fluorescent microscopy showed a low intensity of fluorescence in MSW-treated HepG2 cells, compared to TW-treated HepG2 cells, which indicated that the production of reactive oxygen species by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) in HepG2 cells was decreased by MSW treatment. The antioxidant effect of MSW on t-BHP-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells was supported by the increased activities of intracellular antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and glutathione reductase. From these results, we speculate that MSW has an inhibitory effect on lipogenesis in liver and might play a protective role against cell damage by t-BHP-induced oxidative stress.
Animals ; Antioxidants ; Body Weight Changes ; Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase ; Catalase ; Diet ; Diet, High-Fat ; Fats ; Fatty Acid Synthetase Complex ; Fluorescence ; Glutathione Reductase ; Hep G2 Cells ; Korea ; Lipid Metabolism ; Lipogenesis ; Liver ; Mice ; Microscopy ; Oxidative Stress ; Plasma ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger ; Seawater ; tert-Butylhydroperoxide ; Water

Background: and Purpose: The SoUth Korea study to PrEvent cognitive impaiRment and protect BRAIN health through lifestyle intervention (SUPERBRAIN) proved the feasibility of multidomain intervention for elderly people. One-quarter of the Korean population over 65 years of age has mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Digital health interventions may be costeffective and have fewer spatial constraints. We aim to examine the efficacy of a multidomain intervention through both face-to-face interactions and video communication platforms using a tablet personal computer (PC) application in MCI. Methods: Three hundred participants aged 60–85 years, with MCI and at least one modifiable dementia risk factor, will be recruited from 17 centers and randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the multidomain intervention and the waiting-list control groups. Participants will receive the 24-week intervention through the tablet PC SUPERBRAIN application, which encompasses the following five elements: managing metabolic and vascular risk factors, cognitive training,physical exercise, nutritional guidance, and boosting motivation. Participants will attend the interventions at a facility every 1–2 weeks. They will also engage in one or two self-administered cognitive training sessions utilizing the tablet PC application at home each week. They will participate in twice or thrice weekly online exercise sessions at home via the ZOOM platform. The primary outcome will be the change in the total scale index score of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status from baseline to study end. Conclusions This study will inform the effectiveness of a comprehensive multidomain intervention utilizing digital technologies in MCI.