AIM:To investigate the inhibitory effect of rabbit lens epithelial cell(RLEC)survival and growth by propylene glycol mannate sulfate(PGMS)on the rabbit capsular bag in vitro.METHODS;Capsular bags were prepared from rabbit eyes after extracapsular cataract extraction(ECCE)and incubated in 0.2,0.4,0.8g/L PGMS in 2,5,10 minutes incubation periods.After treatment,the capsular bags were cultured for 7 days in Dulbecco minimum essential medium(DMEM)supplemented with 50mL/L fetal calf serum(FCS).The specimens were examined with light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Capsular bags without receiving PGMS only served as controls.RESULTS:PGMS inhibited the proliferation of RLEC in the manner of concentration and time dependentment.At the threshold protocol of incubation in PGMS at 0.8g/L for 5 or 10 minutes,proliferative activity of cells were largely arrested and nearly no RLEC was seen on the posterior capsule(P＜0.05).Control group had no effect on structure and proliferative activity of RLEC,and the growth proceeded rapidly so that the posterior capsule were totally covered by a confluent monolayer of cell by the end of 7 days.Under TEM,the cells in the control group were tightly arrayed with clearly defined cellular boundary and structure;while cellular deformity and undefined intracellular structure could be seen in the 0.4g/L and 0.8g/L experimental groups.CONCLUSION:PGMS can effectively inhibit the proliferation of RLEC.

A numerical model is developed in this paper to calculate the bending moments of flexural members through integration in 3D solid finite element analyses according to the nonlinear constitutive model of concrete and the elastoplastic constitutive model of steel, utilizing the stress condition of the cross-section, considering the destruction characteristic of reinforced concrete members, and based on the plane cross-section assumption. The results of this model give good agreement with those of the classical method. Consequently, we can also deduce the corresponding numerical expression for eccentrically loaded members according to the analysis method.

The expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) alters obviously in ovarian cancer.Through miRNA profile based on a microarray platform and further research on individual one,they are found to be closely related to pathogenesis,progression,recurrence,and drug resistance of ovarian cancer and have a good prospect in applying it in the early diagnosis,detection recurrence,prognosis and therapy of ovarian cancer.

Dioscin, a typical saponin, is widely present in the family of Dioscoreaceae, Liliaceae, Caryophyllaceae and Rosaceae, especially in Dioscoreaceae, including Discorea nipponica Makino, Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright and Dioscorea panthaica Prain et Burkill. Traditional Chinese medicine reported that dioscin plays a role in expectorant, relaxing the muscles and stimulating the blood circulation, aiding digestion and diuresis. With the development of science and technology in recent years, some new extraction and separation techniques and methods have been applied to the study of dioscin, and more and more pharmacological effects were found. Modern pharmacology studies have confirmed that dioscin had some activities on desensitization, anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering, anti-tumor, hepatoprotection and anti-viral. After oral administration, dioscin is metabolized to diosgenin, which is the true active ingredient and is an important raw material to synthesize steroid hormone drugs. Therefore, the studies on dioscin are valueable and promising. In this review, we make a summary on the researches of dioscin including the extraction technology, separation and prepara- tion, chemical synthesis, drug metabolism, determination and pharmacological researches.
Animals ; Biological Products ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Diosgenin ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Plant Extracts ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; pharmacology

Objective The research was to achieve Shanghai resident satisfaction of primary health service after new health reform.Methods During self-compiled questionnaire survey,the research adapted stratified random sampling to select 9 community health centers in Shanghai urban,rural and suburb areas.Results Shanghai resident satisfaction rate of new health reform was 85.2％.Satisfaction rate of basic medical security system was 85.0％.Satisfaction rate of basic medical service was 96.5％.Satisfaction rate of basic public health service was 95.1％.Age,region,job,education and income were main factors to satisfaction of primary health service.Conclusion From an overall point of view,Shanghai resident satisfaction of primary health service after new health reform was high.However,the level of basic medical security and convenience of reimbursement were not high.Medical expenses of primary health care institution had not been effectively controlled.Basic medicine could not fully meet the medication needs of primary health care institutions.

Objective To discuss the diet balance by the enteral nutritional support for patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Methods We divided 47 patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation into the balanced-diet group and the ordinary-diet group. The balanced-diet group received diet according to "diet exchange share" method and took food by the proportional share of 5 kinds of food. The ordinary-diet group took food according to the habits of patients.The effect of nutritional support was compared between the two groups. Results The body weight,white blood cell,hemoglobulin,platelet,total protein and proprotein in the balanced-diet group at the 90th day were different from those at the 30th day after transplantation(t value were -8.5,-4.7,-4.2,-10.2,-3.9,-14.1 and -80.9),P ＜ 0.01.In the ordinary-diet group only body weight,platelet and proprotein at the 90th were statistically different from those at the 30th day after transplantation (t value were -4.5,-4.6 and -14.9), P ＜ 0.01. Conclusion Balanced diet contributed to the rehabilitation and nutritional support after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

The purpose of this study was to reveal the current situation of health technology transfer in Shanghai hospitals,and to analyze the problems and needs.Questionnaire and interview were adopted for the study.We found that in the past 3 years,the transformation rate of patent technologies at Shanghai Tertiary Hospitals was 5.88％.The transfer routes mainly involves proactive enlist of enterprises by project leader,technology brokerage,exhibitions of patents achievements,friends' recommendation,etc..The main factors impacted the transfer included poorer quality of patent,lacking efficient management,and lacking channels for transfer.In order to improve the transfer of patents,hospitals need to provide information service,technology assessment,project packaging,patents application,consultant,and relevant trainings etc.Other things that could promote health technology transfer are to improve scientific research system,to enhance the quality of scientific achievements,and to develop technology brokerage.

Gas chromatography with mass spectrum detector ( GC-MSD) coupled with purge-and-trap system was set up to analyze the concentration of isoprene in natural waters. The best experimental conditions were established, including purge gas flow rate ( 50 mL/min ) , purge time ( 15 min ) , the optimum capillary column ( Rt-Alumina BOND/KCl) and the appropriate condition of temperature programming. When analyzing isoprene in natural waters, the precision was <4% (n=6), the detection limit was 0. 5 pmol/L and the recovery was 91%-102%. The preservative experiment showed that there was no obvious variation in sample concentrations of isoprene within 60 days. The concentrations of isoprene measured with the method ranged from 60 . 8 to 278 . 7 pmol/L in the Jiaozhou Bay and its adjacent river estuaries and from 44 . 7 to 77 . 2 pmol/L in Yellow River estuary, which was in good accord with those results reported in literatures in other coastal waters. In conclusion, the analytical method could meet the requirements of the analysis of concentration of isoprene in natural waters.

Objective To analyze the clinical manifestations and electroencephalogram (EEG)characteristics of agyria-pachygyria for its early diagnosis,treatment and prognosis judgment in clinical practice.Methods The clinical manifestations and EEG features of twenty-four patients with agyria-pachygyria who were diagnosed by CT or magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) at Pediatric Neurology of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from July 2004 to July 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Of twenty-four patients,eighteen cases were diagnosed as diffuse agyria-pachygyria and six cases were diagnosed as partial agyria-pachygyria.The clinical features were mainly manifested as mental retardation (twenty-four patients),and motor retardation (twenty-four patients),and epilepsy (eighteen patients).All of the twenty-four patients had abnormal EEG pattern which were mainly three tapes.Type Ⅰ had diffused high amplitude alpha and beta activity in all cortical regions,frontal-central,or parietal-occipital region (fourteen patients).Type Ⅱ showed alternating high amplitude bursts with sharp and slow waves (seven patients).Type Ⅲ was characterized by high amplitude spike or sharp wave activity generalized or multifocal distribution and δ,θ wave mixing graphics (twelve patients).Nine of twenty-four patients showed two or three EEG characteristic patterns in an awake-asleep EEG recording.During the follow-up of 1-8 years old,twelve of the thirteen patients who were diagnosed as epilepsy in diffuse agyria-pachygyria had refractory epilepsy,mainly with infantile spasms or Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.One of the five patients who was diagnosed as epilepsy in focal agyria-pachygyria had refractory epilepsy,mainly for partial epilepsy secondary generalized seizures.There was a significant difference between them (P =0.008).Eighteen of twenty patients who had moderate-severe mental retardation or dyskinesia were diagnosed as diffuse a gyria-pachygyria,while two were focal agyria-pachygyria.Both of them had a significant difference (P =0.005).Conclusions Agyria-pachygyria is a brain malformation caused by neuronal migration abnormality.Diffuse agyria-pachygyria is presented with serious clinical manifestations and poor outcome while the clinical manifestation of focal agyria-pachygyria is relatively mild and epilepsy could be controlled by antiepileptic drugs or epilepsy surgery.These characteristics of EEG patterns along with clinical findings could provide important evidence for early diagnosis,timely treatment and prognosis judgment of agyria-pachygyria.

Objective To explore the roles and possible mechanism of calcium-sensing receptor(CaSR) in cell cardiac hypertrophy model using angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ ).Methods The cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes were treated with Ang Ⅱ as cell cardiac hypertrophy model.Hypertrophic neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were treated with GdCl3(a specific agonist of CaSR) and/or with Ro318220(a specific inhibitor of PKC pathway).To evaluate the status of cardiac hypertrophy,cell diameter was observed by HE dyeing,and protein content was determined through coomassie brilliant blue protein kit.The intracellular calcium concentration( [ Ca2+]i) was determined by laser scanning confocal microscope.The protein expression of CaSR and PKC pathway were analyzed using Western blotting.Results ①Compared to the control group(0.1263 ± 0.0443),the protein expression of CaSR was increased in Ang Ⅱ group and in GdCl3 group(0.1963 ± 0.0375,0.2778 ± 0.0564,all P＜ 0.05).Moreover,compared with Ang Ⅱ alone,the increase was significant in GdCl3 group(P ＜ 0.05).②Compared to control group(222.70 ± 22.09),AngⅡ group(392.16 ± 36.85) remarkably increased [Ca2+]i(P＜ 0.05),and this increase of [Ca2+]i was further enhanced in GdCl3 group (502.60 ± 44.21) versus Ang Ⅱ group (P ＜ 0.05).③Compared to control group,Ang Ⅱ could induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy,and GdCl3 enhanced the effect.Moreover,this enhancement was attenuated by Ro318220.④Compared to control group(0.27 ± 0.07,0.69 ± 0.06,0.87 ± 0.04),the protein expression of PKCα,PKCε and PKCδ was increased in Ang Ⅱ group(0.60 ± 0.16,1.02 ± 0.13,1.20 ± 0.18,all P＜ 0.05) and the protein expression of PKCα,PKCε was increased in GdCl3 group(0.82 ± 0.16,1.34 ± 0.12,all P ＜ 0.05).Moreover,compared with Ang Ⅱ group,the protein expression of PKCα,PKCε was obviously increased in GdCl3 group (all P ＜ 0.05);compared with GdCl3 group,the protein expression of PKCα,PKCε(0.41 ± 0.10,0.85 ± 0.14) was obviously decreased in Ro318220 group(all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions CaSR is involved in cardiac hypertrophy induced by Ang Ⅱ through PKC pathway in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.