It is generally known that the renal function is significantly decreased immediately after renal transplantation. However, there is no literature concerning the influence of vascular factor such as thrombus formation and narrowing of the vascular lumen due to its anastomosis on the renal functions following kidney transplantation. As an attempt to dissociate the effect of vascular factors from the immediate functional capacity after transplantation. the author studied the various renal function after clamping the renal artery and perfusing the kidney for 45 minutes while avoiding injury to the renal pedicle as much as possible. Then the recovery pattern of renal function was observed for 2 weeks. In every phase of the experiment (immediately, 1,3,7, and 14 days after the clamping and perfusion) various renal functions of the experimental kidney (left kidney) were compared with that of the normal kidney (right kidney). The results are summarized briefly as follows: 1. Hemodynamic changes such as glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow were decreased to approximately 65~75% of the control kidney by 7 days after the experiment and then recovered to the values of the normal kidney. 2. Tubular reabsorption of water and electrolytes were reduced in the experimental kidney until the 7th day after the procedures, but these decreases were improved to nearly normal 2 weeks after the renal artery clamping and perfusion. This reduction of tubular reabsorption capacity is considered to be brought by ischemia-induced tubular damage 3. The extraction ratio of PAH was significantly dropped to about 50% of the normal at 3 days after the experiment, then it recovered almost to normal at 14 days after the procedures. In addition total renal plasma flow calculated from C(pah)/E(pah) was almost identical in both kidneys except in the 3 days group which showed a significant increase in the experimental kidney. This finding suggested that postocclusive reactive hyperemia developed. 4. The above mentioned results showed that renal functions after renal artery clamping and perfusion of the kidney with cold (4 degrees C) solution were decreased significantly by the 7th followed with almost normal recovery 2 weeks after the experiment. It was suggested that the period of recovery of renal function was shortened by cold perfusion of the kidney, and day and vascular factors did not influence significantly on the decrease in renal functions after renal transplantation.
Animals ; Constriction ; Dogs* ; Electrolytes ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Hyperemia ; Kidney Transplantation ; Kidney* ; Perfusion* ; Renal Artery ; Renal Plasma Flow ; Thrombosis ; Water

45 cases of proved renal cell carcinoma which were operated on during last 10 years between March 1972 and February 1982 in the department of Urology of Yonsei University College of Medicine were clinically observed with the reference to the operative morbidity due to the surgical incisions of both anterior transperitoneal approach (25 cases or 55%) and modified thoracoabdominal approach which is 11th-rib resection with extrapleural and transperitoneal exposure (20 cases of 45%). According to the experience with modified thoracoabdominal incision for the 17 radical nephrectomies and 3 open biopsies and through the review of the literatures, some results were obtained and summarized as follows. 1. Modified Thoracoabdominal approach is superior to the anterior transperitoneal approach for the operation of renal malignancy because of better exposure for the renal pedicle and upper pole as well as low morbidity rate (1:1.6). 2.We could also be sure by our self experiences of a few advantages of Modified Thoracoabdominal approaches as others reported previously. (1) An undisturbed intrathoracic space avoids a source of complications. (2) Because of adequate exposure of renal pedicle and upper pole even in the large renal tumor, operativemanipulation is easier and safer. (3) As muscle layers to be cut are not heavy, postoperative pain is less complained. The incision is also relatively simple to make and close. (4) Modified Thoracoabdominal approach is worth to apply to any urologic operations for the kidney and upper ureter. 3. In case tumor thrombi were involved in the supradiaphragmatic vena cava and vena caval resection is inevitable, either midline abdominal incision with sternotomy or conventional thoracoabdominal incision should be chosen rather than Modified thoracoabdominal approach.
Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Humans ; Kidney ; Nephrectomy* ; Pain, Postoperative ; Sternotomy ; Ureter ; Urology

The possible role of Chlamydia trachomatis in non-gonococcal urethritis and chronic prostatitis was investigated by cultural technique in a study of 281 and 215 respectively. Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from 106(37.7%) of 281 non-gonococcal urethritis patients and 49(22.8%) of 215 chronic prostatitis patients. The effectiveness of tetracycline hydrochloride and doxycycline was evaluated by reculture method after 2 weeks` treatment. Thus in this study Chlamydia trachomatis could appear to play a major etiological roles in non-gonococcal urethritis and chronic prostatitis in Korea. And 2 weeks prescription of tetracycline or doxycycline is efficient for eradication of Chlamydia trachomatis.
Anti-Bacterial Agents* ; Chlamydia trachomatis* ; Chlamydia* ; Doxycycline ; Humans ; Korea ; Prescriptions ; Prostatitis* ; Tetracycline ; Urethritis*

Cysts of the kidney from a unique and important disease in urology. Although many of them are benign, a few have a tendency to become malignant. Especially the solitary cysts of the kidney are fairly frequent abdominal tumors. So the differential diagnosis between solitary cysts and other malignancies of the kidney is very important, and the surgeon should always hold in reserve a diagnosis of malignancy until the tumor is seen and examined in situ because this solitary cysts occasionally are associated with malignant disease of the kidney. Recently we have experienced two cases of the renal solitary cysts in 63-year old female patient and 52-year old male patient and we present two cases of the renal solitary cysts with the review of the literature on this paper.
Bone Cysts* ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Urology

Primary cutaneous meningiomas are extremely rare tumors found in the cutis or subcutis, and generally have a benign course. The tend to be located on the scalp, face, neck. or paravertebral area. The primary cutaneous meningioma bears similarities to developmental defects and probably originates from arachnoid cell rests in the skin, although diverse groups of cutaneous meningiomas seem to arise from several different sources. A case of primary cutaneous meningioma occuring in the scalp of left parietal area of a 27-year-old female is presented. Clinically the lesion appeared as indolent, slow growing cutaneous mass and has no connection with underlying brain tissue, as determined by examination of the roentgenographs. The definite diagnosis was made after pathological examination. Microscopically the tumor is composed of sheets and nests of meningothelial cells. Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies reveal the typical findings of meningioma.
Female ; Humans ; Meningioma

No abstract available.
Arthritis* ; Rabbits*

Growth hormone(GH) plays a major role in growth and its effects are mainly mediated by insulin like growth factor-I ( IGF-I). However the role of GH in the regulation of testicular function especially in spermatogenesis is still under debate. Though there were several studies using GH-deficient mutant mice, results are conflicting. Furthermore they are not proper to find out any exact role of GH in normal adults. We have therefore used somatostatin analogue (Sandostatin) for 1 week to block the effect of GH and it's mediator IGF-I, in mature and immature Sprague-Dawley male rats. In immature rats the delayed maturation was recovered after ceasing somatostatin in several weeks and the testicular parameters became normal after maturation. Post-pubertal rats showed diminished spermatogenesis especially in the number of pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids of stage VII. These results seems to be associated with decreased systemic IGF-I. But the Leydig cell function in other words, testosterone production, remained normal. Somatostatin administered Leydig cells showed strong positive reactions like normal control on IGF-I immunohistochemical stain. We concluded that GH mediated IGF-I plays a major role in spermatogenesis especially on pachytene spermatocytes of post-pubertal male rats and there are GH independent IGF-I actions in Leydig cells.
Adult ; Animals ; Humans ; Insulin ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Leydig Cells ; Male* ; Mice ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Somatostatin ; Spermatids ; Spermatocytes ; Spermatogenesis ; Testis* ; Testosterone

Prenephrectomy therapeutic renal artery embolization by injecting gelfoam into therenal artery was done in a 47 year-old female patient with hypernephroma. This technique facilitated nephrectomy and decreased blood loss. A post-infarction syndrome characterized by flank pain, fever and nausea also occurred in this patient. We report our experience herein with review of literature.
Arteries ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Female ; Fever ; Flank Pain ; Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Nausea ; Nephrectomy ; Renal Artery*

To maximize the therapeutic efficacy of non-surgical management in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). the prediction of major histologic type in each patient before treatment would be very important. In order to determine if such patients might be identified prospectively we investigated the relationship between clinical variables such as age, prostate weight (PWt). symptom score. clinical point, total (TAP) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and volume density of prostate glandular lumen (PGL) determined by computer interactive image analysis. Histologic specimens were obtained on 17 patients who underwent open prostatectomy with BPH. The mean age was 71 years (range 55-84). mean PGL 18.6 % (range 7.9-35.7). mean PWt 47 gram (range 14-100). mean symptom score 16 (range 9-23), clinical point 22 (range 12-42). TAP 8.8 unit/L (range 6.5-13.3) and PAP 1.9 unit/L (range 0.5-4.8). Multivariate regression analysis between these variables and univariate regression analysis according to PGL and prostate weight revealed as no significant relationships and there also were no significance between two groups divided by median value of PGL (14.8%) or PWt (38 gram.) except the inverted correlation between weight of prostate and symptom score (p<0.05). But univariate regression analysis between PGL and PWt in 12 patients with less than 70 grams in weight revealed significant relationship: PGL=0.49S PWt+3.32 (r=0.81, p=0.0015). We could divide another 5 patients into two different groups according to the PGL: mean 10.9 % (range 9.3-13.7) in 3 patients and 33.2 % (range 29.0-34.8) in 2 patients respectively. The predominant histologic feature in low PGL, heavy PWt group represented uniformly muscular hyperplasia. In conclusion, we could not find any significant correlations between PGL and other clinical variables used in the study. Even there was a statistical significance between PGL and PWt under the limited condition, but we should not overlook the possibility that the difference in PGL upto three folds can be exist in patients with similar PWt.
Acid Phosphatase ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Prospective Studies ; Prostate ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Hyperplasia*

Superficial bladder cancer is a disease with variable biologic potential. The behavior of the disease varies, depending upon the tumor characteristics evident on initial evaluation. A retrospective study of 178 patients with superficial transitional cell carcinoma and a follow up of at least 6 months is reported. Transurethral resection was done in all cases. Using Cox's proportional hazards model, the following results were obtained : 1. Grade was the most important factor followed by. in order of importance, the number of tumors, patient age, tumor size, shape of the tumor, and associated bladder mucosal changes. A previous history of a superficial bladder tumor was another independent prognostic factor. 2. Other variables such as sex the interval between transurethral resection and initial symptom or first recurred period were not prognostic factors. The high risk factors were grade 3, more than 2 tumors, more than 51 year old, tumor site more then 3cm, non-papillary shapes and associated bladder mucosal changes. More aggressive therapy should be considered for patients showing high risk factors.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*