PURPOSE: To evaluate normal variations and thus to avoid confusion in differentiation from lesions of the accessory structures (rhomboid fossa, foramen for supraclavicular nerve, conold tubercle) of the clavicle in chest radiographs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied the variations of the clavicle in 300 chest radiographs (134 men, 166 women) and 355 dry bones (right 166, left 189; 151 men, 74 women, 130 unknown sex). RESULTS: In chest radiographs, the incidence of the depressed rhomboid fossa was 229 cases (39.5%;male 52.0%, female 29.9%);the flat type was 329 cases (56.9%;male 45.7%, female 65.7%);and the elevated type was 20 cases (3.5%; male 2.4%, female 4.3%). In the dry bones, the incidence of the depressed thombold fossa was 129 cases (57.3%;male 59.6%, female 52.7%);the flat type was 65 cases (28.9%;male 24.5%, female 37. 8%) ;and the elevated type was 31 cases (13.8%;male 15.9%, female 9.5%). The incidence of the foramen for supraclavicular nerve was 0.8% in chest radiographs, and 1.4% in the dry bones. The incidence of the elevated conold tubercle was 65.1% (male 64.0%, female 65.9%) in chest radiographs, and 96.9% (male 95.4%, female 100.0%) in the dry bones. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of the depressed rhomboid fossa in chest radiographs was higher in men and the right clavicle. The incidence of flat rhombo~d fossa in chest radiographs decreased according to increase of age. The foramen for supraclavicular nerve was occasionally found (0.8% in chest radiographs; 1.4% in the dry bones).
Clavicle* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Radiography, Thoracic* ; Thorax*

PURPOSE: To evaluate normal variations and thus to avoid confusion in differentiation from lesions of the accessory structures (rhomboid fossa, foramen for supraclavicular nerve, conold tubercle) of the clavicle in chest radiographs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied the variations of the clavicle in 300 chest radiographs (134 men, 166 women) and 355 dry bones (right 166, left 189; 151 men, 74 women, 130 unknown sex). RESULTS: In chest radiographs, the incidence of the depressed rhomboid fossa was 229 cases (39.5%;male 52.0%, female 29.9%);the flat type was 329 cases (56.9%;male 45.7%, female 65.7%);and the elevated type was 20 cases (3.5%; male 2.4%, female 4.3%). In the dry bones, the incidence of the depressed thombold fossa was 129 cases (57.3%;male 59.6%, female 52.7%);the flat type was 65 cases (28.9%;male 24.5%, female 37. 8%) ;and the elevated type was 31 cases (13.8%;male 15.9%, female 9.5%). The incidence of the foramen for supraclavicular nerve was 0.8% in chest radiographs, and 1.4% in the dry bones. The incidence of the elevated conold tubercle was 65.1% (male 64.0%, female 65.9%) in chest radiographs, and 96.9% (male 95.4%, female 100.0%) in the dry bones. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of the depressed rhomboid fossa in chest radiographs was higher in men and the right clavicle. The incidence of flat rhombo~d fossa in chest radiographs decreased according to increase of age. The foramen for supraclavicular nerve was occasionally found (0.8% in chest radiographs; 1.4% in the dry bones).
Clavicle* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Radiography, Thoracic* ; Thorax*

A clinical observation of cutaneous complications was made on 200 patients receiving cancer chemotherapy at the Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University from January through May, 1986. The results were as follows: 1. Among the 200 patients, 191 case(95. 5%) showed cutaneous complications 2. The cutaneous complications included the following; hyperpigmentation(14l cases, 70. 5%), alopecia(138 cases, 69.4%), nail change(118 cases, 59.0%), mucositis(47 cases, 23.5%), dryness of the skin(40 cases, 20.0%), seborrheic dermatitis(24 cases, 12. 2%), increase of seborrheic keratosis(11 cases, 5.6%), folliculitis or acneiform eruptions(9 cases, 4,5%), melasma(6 cases, 3.0%), gynecomastia(3 cases, 1.5%), vessel hardening or dimpling(3 cases, 1.5%), radiation recall(2 cases, 1.0%), hyperhydrosis(2 cases), photosensitivity(1 case, 0.5%), tissue necrosis(1 case), facial flushing(1 case), purpura(1 case) and obesity(1 case), 3 Steps were taken to determine the chemotherapeutic agents causing these cutaneous complications, though in some cases it was difficult in determining exaetlr which chemotherapeutic agent was the cause of the observed cutaneous complication.
Drug Therapy* ; Folliculitis ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Seoul

Using immunohistochemical methods, the authors investigated the distribution of tubulin in normal skin and 31 skin tumors, including 11 benign skin tumors and 20 malignant skin tumors, In normal skin, tubulin was strongly expressed in basal cells of the epidermis, sebaceus celis and dermal nerves. Myoepithelial cells, ductalI cells of sveat ducts and outer root sheath cells of hair follicles stained moderat,ely. Lermal fi broblasts showed no staining. In benign tumors including keratoacanthoma, trichoepithelioma, and nevocellular nevus the strornal fibroblast.s were entirely tubulin negative as well as the turnor cells. In basal cell carcinoma, the stromal fibroblasts were negative',whereas tumor cells were weakly positive. In squarnous cell carcinoma(SCC), tumor cells weri, tubulin positive weakly, the degree of tubulin expression of its stroma1 fibroblasts tencied to be in proportional to the grade of malignanr.u. Tumor cells of malignant melanoma and nevocellular nevus were tubulin positive moderately bist the stromal fibrobla.sts were strongly positive only in the cases of malignant melanoma. These results show that the degree of the tubulin; expression in adjacent, stromal cells of epidermal tumors is in proportiona.l to that of their malignancy, These suggest that the expression of tubulin in fibroblasts surrounding tumor cells of malignant melanoma and SCC reflects a stromal alt,eration that might contribute to tumor in vasion, and play a role for cellular motility.
Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Epidermis ; Fibroblasts ; Hair Follicle ; Keratoacanthoma ; Melanoma ; Nevus ; Skin* ; Stromal Cells ; Tubulin*

A 23-year-old man had multiple small, skin-colored firm papules on the both sides of the nasolabial folds since the age of approximately 17. His mother had a similar skin lesions on her face. The histopathological findings of skin biopsy specimens from patient(son) showed horn cysts consist of a fully keratinized center surrounded by basophilic cells and tumor islands composed of basophilic cells arranged in a lacelike or adenoid network and occasional solid aggregates and there are also a foreign body giant cell reaction in the vicinity of the ruptured horn cysts.
Adenoids ; Animals ; Basophils ; Biopsy ; Giant Cells, Foreign-Body ; Heredity ; Horns ; Humans ; Islands ; Mothers* ; Nasolabial Fold ; Skin ; Young Adult

A clinical observation of the nail pigmentation change was made on 200 patients receiving cancer chemotheray who were seen at; the Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, from January through May, 1986. The results were as follows: l. Among the 200 patients, 118 cases(59%,) showed nail pigmentation changes. 2. The patterns of nail pigmentation change were as follows: Parallel transverse band(70 cases 59.3%), longitudinal pigmentated band(32 cases, 27. 1%), brown arc(25 cases, 21. 2%), Proximal black pigmentation(10 cases, 8. 5%), diffuse pigmentation(5 cases, 4.2%), parallel transverse white line(5 cases, 4.2%), half and half nail(3 cases, 2. 5%), pigmentations with transverse white band(1 case, 0. 8%). 3. Various cambinations of nail pigmentation pattern were found in 33 patients (28. 0%). 4. 11 cases of the nail dystrophy with nail pigmentation change were observed: Longitudinal ridge(7 cases), transverse groove(3 cases), wavy transverse fissure (1 case).
Drug Therapy* ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Pigmentation ; Seoul

An occasional patient has both a pressing need for visualization of the biliary system in spite of a past history of reaction to iodinated contrast media. We report a patient, who had reacted adversely to contrast media, underwent ERCP using barium sulfate in order to opacify the biliary and pancreatic duct without side effect successfully. In conclusion, ERCP using barium sulfate as a contrast material is of value in patients who are intolerant of the iodinated contrast media.
Barium Sulfate* ; Barium* ; Biliary Tract ; Cholangiography ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde* ; Contrast Media ; Humans ; Pancreatic Ducts

PURPOSE: To determine the accuracy of automated computer aided volumetry for simulated small pulmonary nodules at computed tomography using various types of phantoms MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three sets of synthetic nodules (small, calcified and those adjacent to vessels) were studied. The volume of the nodules in each set was already known, and using multi-slice CT, volumetric data for each nodule was acquired from the three-dimensional reconstructed image. The volume was calculated by applying three different threshold values using Rapidia(R) software (3D-Med, Seoul, Korea). RESULTS: Relative errors in the measured volume of synthetic pulmonary nodules were 17.3, 2.9, and 11.5% at -200, -400, and -600 HU, respectively, and there was good correlation between true volume and measured volume at -400 HU (r=0.96, p<0.001). For calcified nodules, relative errors in measured volume were 10.9, 5.3, and 16.5% at -200, -400, and -600 HU, respectively, and there was good correlation between true volume and measured volume at -400 HU (r=1.03, p<0.001). In cases involving synthetic nodules adjacent to vessels, relative errors were 4.6, 16.3, and 31.2 % at -200, -400, and -600 HU, respectively. There was good correlation between true volume and measured volume at -200 HU (r=1.1, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Using computer-aided volumetry, the measured volumes of synthetic nodules correlated closely with their true volume. Measured volumes were the same at each threshold level, regardless of window setting.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Seoul

Epidermodysplasia vertuciformis (E.V.) is a generalized viral infection due to the wart virus, which is chacterized by wartlike papules often distributed over the entire body and generally starting in infancy, of which a high percetage develops into cancer. We present a case of E.V. in a 31 year old male with typical skin lesions resembling flat warts and tinea versicolor-like lesions that eventuated in malignancy, i.e., Bowens disease and squamous cell carcinoma on the forehead. The skin lesions appeared initially on the foerhead at the age of 6 and gradualIy generalized all over the whole bcdy thereafter. The light brown scaling papules on erythernatous hase and walnut sized ulcerative lesion on the forehead had been noticed for 4 to 6 years and identified as Bowens disease and squamous cell carcinoma.
Adult ; Bowen's Disease* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis* ; Forehead ; Humans ; Juglans ; Male ; Skin ; Tinea ; Ulcer ; Warts

A 35-year-old female patient had a cyst-Jike swelling for one month on the right scaphoid fossa and antihelix of the auricle. Histopathologically, cystic cavity was located in lower dermis and cavity roof was composed of fibrous material without cartilagenous structure. Treatrment consisted of incision and drainage and subsequently rnastoidectomy dressing for one week. One month after treatment, recurrence of lesion was not found.
Adult ; Bandages ; Dermis ; Drainage ; Female ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Seroma*