PURPOSE: To obtain the useful information about tumor behavior of hepatocellular carcinoma by analyzing the recurrence pattern after curative resection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two patients who underwent curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma were analyzed. Based on the firstly detected radiologic recurrence, we classified recurrence patterns into three types, type I;marginal recurrence, type II;intrahepatic nodular(multiple, single) and type III;extrahepatic. We also analyzed its duration of recurrence after curative resection. RESULTS: Eighteen patients showed no radiologic recurrence during follow-up period(mean 19.2 months). Twenty-four patients showed radiologic recurrence at 29 sites and its mean duration was 11.0 months. Recurrence patterns were seven cases in type I, 14 cases in type II(multiple 11, single three), eight cases in type III including two omental, two extrahepatic lymph node, two brain, one spine, and one intracranial metastasis. Among the extrahepatic recurrences, five cases showed only distant metastasis without hepatic recurrence. Mean duration of recurrence according to the site was 16.0 months in type I, 12.6 months in type II, 12.3 months in type III. Among 20 patients with single site recurrence, type 11(9.0 months) was earlier than type 1(10.3 months). CONCLUSION: lntrahepatic recurrence is more common than extrahepatic recurrence. Intrahepatic nodular, especially multinodular recurrence, is more common than marginal recurrence. Intrahepatic recurrence has tendency to develope earlier metastain earlier than marginal recurrence.
Brain ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence* ; Spine

Acute cavitating pulmonary infection with a mycetoma is sometimes occur in immunocompromised patient. Most mycetoma lesions are due to Aspergillus species, and lesion caused by Candida species is rare. So we report an experienced case that pulmonary and rib infection caused by Candida species-'in -AML patient and complete remission with previous reports.
Aspergillus ; Candida albicans* ; Candida* ; Candidiasis ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Lung Diseases, Fungal ; Mycetoma* ; Ribs

The effects of pretreatment of Co-Cr alloy, including two adhesive primers that contain either MDP or MAC-10, and silicoating on the bond. The results obtained as follows : Strength of 4-META/MMA-TBB resin were investigated using FT-IR SEM, and EDAX. in the SEM observation of surface morphologies, the sandblasted specimen exibited a very rough surface, whereas the surfaces of the two groups primed with either MDR or MAC-10 were covered with a layer of primer, and the surface morphology of the silicoated specimen remained almost the same after sandblasting. Before the thermocycling tests, the group treated with MDP demonstrated the highest mean tensile bond strength and the sandblasted group showed the lowest bond strength. After 20,000 themocyling, the mean tensile bond strength of the sandblasted group exhibited a 50% reduction in bond strength, while the other showed a 20~30% reduction. Observation of the metal-resin interface revealed that in all groups the resin permeated the rough surface formed by sandblasting thereby producing a mechnical bond between the metal and the resin, It was also found that thermocycling resulted in a gap formation at the metal-resin interface of the specimens, and the sandblasted group exhibited a larger gap width than the other groups. in fracture mode, all specimens indicated a cohesive fracture within the resin before thermocycling. However, thermocyling produced adhesive failure at the edge of the resin-metal interface in most specimens, The sandblasted group, which exhibited the lowest bond strength after thermocycling, also demonstrated the largest area of adhexive failure.
Adhesives ; Alloys*

Cardiac arrest associated with hyperkalemia during red blood cell transfusion is a rare but fatal complication. Herein, we report a case of transfusion-associated cardiac arrest following the initiation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in a 9-month old infant. Her serum potassium level was increased to 9.0 mEq/L, soon after the newly primed circuit with pre-stored red blood cell (RBC) was started and followed by sudden cardiac arrest. Eventually, circulation was restored and the potassium level decreased to 5.1 mEq/L after 5 min. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) priming is a relatively massive transfusion into a pediatric patient. Thus, to prevent cardiac arrest during blood-primed ECMO in neonates and infants, freshly irradiated and washed RBCs should be used when priming the ECMO circuit, to minimize the potassium concentration. Also, physicians should be aware of all possible complications associated with transfusions during ECMO.
Blood Transfusion ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; Erythrocyte Transfusion ; Erythrocytes ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation* ; Heart Arrest* ; Humans ; Hyperkalemia* ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Potassium

Leriche syndrome is a chronic disorder mostly in male and is a specific symptom complex due to thrombotic obliteration of the aortic bifurcation as result of an atherosclerotic change. The symptoms include 1) extreme liability to fatigue of both lower limbs; 2) symmetric atrophy of both lower limbs; 3) pallor of the legs and feets; 4) inability to maintain stable erection. There are several methods for surgical management of this disorder; 1) thromboendarterectomy with or without sympathectomy; 2) aortoiliac bypass graft; 3) aortofemoral bypass graft. Here we report a case of Leriche syndrome which was successfully managed with aortobifemoral bypass graft with Dacron and reviewed literatures on it briefly.
Atrophy ; Endarterectomy ; Fatigue ; Foot ; Humans ; Leg ; Leriche Syndrome* ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Pallor ; Polyethylene Terephthalates ; Sympathectomy ; Transplants

BACKGROUND: The claudins are a family of transmembrane proteins associated with tight junctions and they are critical for maintaining cell-to-cell adhesion in sheets of epithelial cells. However, their role in the progression of cancer remains largely unexplored. The aims of this study were to evaluate the expression patterns of claudin-1 and -4 in benign lesions and invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC) of the breast, and relationships between the expression of these markers and the clinicopathological characteristics in IDC patients. METHODS: We examined the claudin-1 and -4 protein expressions by performing immunohistochemical stainings in 54 benign lesions and 120 IDCs via the tissue microarray method. We evaluated the correlation between the expression of these markers and the clinicopathological characteristics of IDC. RESULTS: The expressions of claudin-1 (p=0.099) and -4 (p=0.000) were up-regulated in IDCs as compared with benign lesions. The claudin-1 expression correlated with the loss of estrogen receptor (p=0.036) and progesterone receptor (p=0.011). The claudin-4 expression correlated with lymph node metastasis (p=0.043), the nuclear grade (p=0.030), the histologic grade (p=0.007), and the loss of estrogen receptor (p=0.001) and progesterone receptor (p= 0.029). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that claudin-1 and -4 may play a significant role in the carcinogenesis of IDC of the breast and these may represent novel markers for this disease.
Breast* ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Ductal* ; Claudin-1* ; Claudin-4 ; Claudins ; Epithelial Cells ; Estrogens ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Receptors, Progesterone ; Tight Junctions

The purpose of this study was to investigate the initial tissue change, to repair on the teeth & surrounding tissue under the intrusive orthodontic forces by use of elastic chain, through the microscopic findings. For this-study, three young adult mongrel dogs were used, and were divied into three group ; the control group was deliveried only casting crown, and the experimental group I was equipped with energy chain during I week, and experimental 2 group was deliveried using energy chain during 1 week, and 3 weeks observation. All experimental groups and control groups were sacrificed to make the samples for microscopic findings on premolar teeth. All samples were examed and compared the histologic changes through the microscopic with H-E stain. The obtained results were as follows. 1. In hematoxylin-eosin stain of the control group, the periodontal ligament was constant width from apical third to cervical third of the root, and the periodontal fiber arrangement was horizontal or oblique in cervical third, oblique in middle and apical third of the root. 2. In Masson Trichrome stain of the control group, osteoblast and osteoclast appeared in cervical third of root , and bone resorption and new bone formation was observed in middle and apical third of the root. 3. In experimental 1, osteoclasts were increased highly, and hyperemia of blood vessels and new bone formation and bone resorption by reversal line in apical third of the root were seen. PDL width was increased apprarently from crest to apex of the root and more in apical third. 4. In experimental 2, osteoclasts and hyperemia of blood vessels were more increased than control material in apical third of the root. PDL width was increased more than control group in root apex, and was seen less than experimental 1. PDL arrangement was similar to experimental i and was mixed only in root apex. Therefore, in premolar intrusion of the young adult dog, there were increased osteoclast, hyperemia and dilation of blood vessel, resorption of alveolar bone and cementum, and different arrangement of PDL in initial tissue change. There was not observed complete repair after remove intrusive force.
Animals ; Bicuspid* ; Blood Vessels ; Bone Resorption ; Crowns ; Dental Cementum ; Dogs* ; Humans ; Hyperemia ; Osteoblasts ; Osteoclasts ; Osteogenesis ; Periodontal Ligament ; Tooth* ; Young Adult*

The papillary eccrine adenoma is a rare benign sweat gland neoplasm charscterized by potentislly locally aggressive clinical course. We report herein a case of papillsry eccrine adenoma in a 28-year-old female who presented single intradermal tumor on the right postauricular ares. Histopathological findings showed dilated ducts containing eosinophilic or keratinous materials and intraluminal papillary rowths.
Adenoma* ; Adult ; Eosinophils ; Female ; Humans ; Sweat Gland Neoplasms

Sarcomatoid carcinomas are malignant epithelial neoplasms in which the tumor cells assume a partial or complete spindle cell pattern of growth, leading to the erroneous classification of some true carcinomas as sarcomas. These spindle cells are malignant and manifest various amount of both vimentin and cytokeratin. Positive reaction of some of the spindle cells for cytokeratin antibodies is confirmatory. Clinical features do not differ significantly from those of patients with high-grade transitional cell carcinoma. So far, 13 cases of sarcomatoid transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis have been reported in English and Korean literature. In this report, we describe clinicopathologic features of recently observed two cases of sarcomatoid transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis and summarize the pathologic findings of previously reported cases with review of the literature.
Antibodies ; Carcinoma ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Carcinosarcoma ; Classification ; Humans ; Keratins ; Kidney Pelvis* ; Sarcoma ; Vimentin

PURPOSE: With the technical advancement in arterial embolization and subsegmental resection of liver neoplasm, emphasis has been on more detailed knowledge of normal arterial anatomy and its variation. We analysed the patterns of intrahepatic branches of right hepatic artery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed intrahepatic branching patterns of right hepatic artery in 165 cases. All cases had a single right hepatic artery which could be traced up to tertiary branches, and also performed rapid drip infusion CT scan, hepatic arteriography with antero-posterior and oblique views, superior mesenteric arteriorgraphy and indirect portography. RESULTS: lntrahepatic branching patterns of the right hepatic artery had eight types of variation. The most common intrahepatic branching pattern was type I: 107(64.5%) which represented 5, 8th branch emerging from the anterior segmental artery and 6, 7th branch from the posterior segmental artery. Type VII :26(15.8%) was the next common type which represented 6th branch emerging first from the posterior segmental artery and 7th branch emerging secondly from the posterior segmental artery. Type VII, VI, III were branched from the posterior segmental artery. Type IV, II, V were branched from the anterior segmental artery. CONCLUSION: These result could be helpful to the planning of treatment, such as hepatic subsegmentectomy or transarterial embolization of the hepatic neoplasm.
Angiography* ; Arteries ; Hepatic Artery* ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Liver Neoplasms ; Portography ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed*