No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Estrogens* ; Humans*

In the treatment of proximal tibial condyle fracture, it should be considered that it can often accompany injuries of the collateral ligament, both cruciate ligament, and the menisci of the knee. Moreover it is necessary to restore anatomical congruity of the articular surface accurately. We performed reduction of the depressed articular fragment under monitoring of arthroscopy and fixed with cannulated cancellous screws and accompanied by bone graft under the control of image intensifier in 2 cases of Type I(Pure cleavage) and 3 cases of type II(cleavage with depression) fractures. The results were very satisfactory. Arthroscopy assisted reduction and fixation are very useful method in the treatment of proximal tibial condyle fracture because of (1) the minimized operative morbidity, (2) the ability to evaluate and manage associated intraarticular pathology simultaneously, (3) the rapid rehabilitation, (4) the achievement of good reduction comparable to open reduction.
Arthroscopy ; Collateral Ligaments ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Methods ; Pathology ; Rehabilitation ; Transplants

Owing to the advancement of imaging techniques which include the CT scan, it became easier to evaluate fracture patterns of calcaneal fractures accurately. Moreover, it is possible to obtain good results with operative treatment as a consequence of the development of good operative equipment and new operative technique. In 1988, Regazzoni and Benirschke in 1990, recommended L-shaped extensive lateral approach for calcaneus which provide extensive exposure of calcaneus and so allow easier reduction and fixation. We carried out L-shaped extensive lateral approach in 11 cases from June, 1993 to April, 1994. This approach did not produce any skin problems and allowed excellent anatomical reduction and fixation. But we experienced some severe causalgia on the heel region in several cases. We tried to analyse the cause of pain and concluded that it was the damage to the lateral calcaneal branch of the sural nerve. We are reporting the problems of tbis approach.
Calcaneus ; Causalgia ; Heel ; Skin ; Sural Nerve ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: Traditional anterior colporrhaphy repair can have a high recurrence rate. Therefore, the use of synthetic mesh to reinforce the anterior vaginal wall support has been proposed to prevent recurrence. The objective of our study was to compare the anatomic recurrence rates in patients that underwent the traditional anterior colporrhaphy with patients who add a monofilament polypropylene mesh repair(Gynemesh PSTM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the charts of patients who underwent transvaginal cystocele repair between January 2003 and June 2006. All patients had a physical examination and staging of the prolapse; the International Continence Society(ICS) system was used for the staging. Mid urethral sling operations were performed when stress incontinences was an associated feature. An anatomic recurrence was defined as an ICS stage 2 or greater anterior prolapse on the last recorded physical examination. The subjective patient satisfaction was also recorded. RESULTS: Seventy-one patients were available for study with a mean follow- up of 18.4 months. Thirty-eight patients underwent traditional anterior colporrhaphy, while 33 patients underwent cystocele repair using the monofilament polypropylene mesh(Gynemesh PSTM). Among the 71 patients, 9(12.7%) had recurrence of the cystocele. Based on the type of repair, 21.1%(8/38) of the patients with traditional repair had a recurrence compared to 3.0%(1/33) of the patients with the polypropylene mesh repair(p=0.03). With regard to satisfaction, 76.3%(29/38) of the patients with anterior colporrhaphy and 97.0%(32/33) with the mesh repair were satisfied with the outcome of the surgery(p=0.02). One patient had erosion of the mesh, at the midline, in front of the vaginal scar, at 12 months after the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the monofilament polypropylene mesh(Gynemesh PSTM) repairs improved the outcomes of anterior colporrhaphy with regard to the prevention of recurrent cystoceles.
Cicatrix ; Cystocele ; Humans ; Patient Satisfaction ; Physical Examination ; Polypropylenes ; Prolapse ; Recurrence ; Suburethral Slings

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical effects of early topical steroid treatment on corneal epithelium healing and postoperative corneal haziness after trans-epithelial photorefractive keratectomy (Trans PRK). METHODS: A total of 400 eyes from 200 patients who received Trans PRK with the Schwind Amaris laser platform (SCHWIND eye-tech solutions, Kleinostheim, Germany) were included in the present study. In 200 eyes (100 patients, early treated group) topical steroid was used from operation day but in the other 200 eyes (100 patients, late treated group) topical steroid was not used until therapeutic contact lenses were removed. The epithelial healing time, corneal haziness and visual acuity at postoperative 3, and 6 months were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS: The therapeutic contact lenses could be removed at postoperative 3.50 +/- 1.46 days and 3.14 +/- 0.50 days in the early treated group and late treated group, respectively (p < 0.01). Breakdown of the epithelium after removal of therapeutic contact lenses occurred in 8 eyes, which were all in the early treated group. The difference of the visual acuity at postoperative 3 and 6 months between the 2 groups was not statistically significant. However, at postoperative 6 months, the corneal opacity developed in 12 eyes (6%) in the late treated group and 2 eyes (1%) in the early treated group (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Early treatment with topical steroid can delay corneal epithelial healing, especially the attachment of epithelium to stroma. However, the treatment can reduce the prevalence of corneal opacity after Trans PRK.
Composite Resins ; Contact Lenses ; Corneal Opacity ; Epithelium ; Epithelium, Corneal ; Eye ; Humans ; Photorefractive Keratectomy ; Prevalence ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To analyze the time and incidence of increased intraocular pressure (IOP) induced by 0.1% fluorometholone used to prevent corneal haze after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). METHODS: The present study included 826 patients (826 eyes) who underwent PRK between November 2012 and October 2013 and were followed up for more than 6 months. After surgery the patients were treated with 0.1% fluorometholone for 3-6 months according to their corneal conditions. The time and incidence was analyzed with the time and incidence when anti-glaucoma eye drops were used. RESULTS: Anti-glaucoma eye drops were used in 312 eyes (38%). The anti-glaucoma eye drops were started before 4 weeks postoperatively in 105 eyes (13%) and postoperatively at 5-8 weeks in 86 eyes (10%), at 9-12 weeks in 83 eyes (10%), at 13-16 weeks in 25 eyes (3%) and after 17 weeks in 13 eyes (2%). CONCLUSIONS: The overall incidence of increased IOP when treated with 0.1% fluorometholone for 3-6 months after PRK was approximately 38%. The incidence of increased IOP in each month for the first 3 months was almost identical implying that the longer 0.1 fluorometholone was used, the higher incidence of increased IOP occurred. These results can be helpful in educating patients regarding the risk of increased IOP and determining the follow-up period after PRK.
Fluorometholone* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Keratectomy, Subepithelial, Laser-Assisted ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Photorefractive Keratectomy*

PURPOSE: To analyze the time and incidence of increased intraocular pressure (IOP) induced by 0.1% fluorometholone used to prevent corneal haze after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). METHODS: The present study included 826 patients (826 eyes) who underwent PRK between November 2012 and October 2013 and were followed up for more than 6 months. After surgery the patients were treated with 0.1% fluorometholone for 3-6 months according to their corneal conditions. The time and incidence was analyzed with the time and incidence when anti-glaucoma eye drops were used. RESULTS: Anti-glaucoma eye drops were used in 312 eyes (38%). The anti-glaucoma eye drops were started before 4 weeks postoperatively in 105 eyes (13%) and postoperatively at 5-8 weeks in 86 eyes (10%), at 9-12 weeks in 83 eyes (10%), at 13-16 weeks in 25 eyes (3%) and after 17 weeks in 13 eyes (2%). CONCLUSIONS: The overall incidence of increased IOP when treated with 0.1% fluorometholone for 3-6 months after PRK was approximately 38%. The incidence of increased IOP in each month for the first 3 months was almost identical implying that the longer 0.1 fluorometholone was used, the higher incidence of increased IOP occurred. These results can be helpful in educating patients regarding the risk of increased IOP and determining the follow-up period after PRK.
Fluorometholone* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Keratectomy, Subepithelial, Laser-Assisted ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Photorefractive Keratectomy*

PURPOSE: It is known that single umbilical artery is frequently associated with gastrointestinal or urogenital anomaly, however, routine renal sonography has been debated in healthy neonate with isolated single umbilical artery. This study is designed to determine the usefulness of routine renal sonography in apparently healthy infants with an isolated single umbilical artery. METHODS: Thirty healthy neonates with a single umbilical artery without a major anomaly from January 1995 to July 2002 were enrolled. The authors investigated the clinical background of babies and their mothers after renal sonography after 72 hours of age. When the abnormalities were found at the first renal sonography, the severity of hydronephrosis and degree of obstruction and renal function were analyzed by follow up renal sonography, voiding cystourethrography(VCUG) and technetium-99m-dimercaptosuccinic acid(DMSA) scan or technetium-99m-mercaptoacetyl-triglycerine (MAG3) scan. RESULTS: Among the 30 healthy patients with isolated single umbilical artery, five patients(16.7%) showed abnormalities on first renal sonography with one major(3.3%) and four(13.4%) minor renal anomaly(minimal or mild hydroneohrosis). One major renal anomaly(severe hydronephrosis) showed severe decreased renal function on MAG3 scan without reflux, and the other four minor regressed spontaneously on follow up study. CONCLUSION: The value of routine early renal sonograpy for detecting renal anomaly in healthy infants with an isolated single umbilical artery remained unclear because most of the anomalies would regress spontaneously in the follow up study.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Mass Screening* ; Mothers ; Single Umbilical Artery*

We retrospectively reviewed magnetic resonance image findings of primary CNS lymphomas in six patients. All patients showed parenchymal masses (n=8), a solitary mass in 4 and multiple in the other two. One patients showed leptomeningeal lesion. Parenchymal masses were located in forntal lobe (n=4), cerebellum (n=2), basal ganglia (n=1), and parietal lobe (n=1), These masses showed hypointensity on T1-weighted images (WI). On T2 WI, the signal intensity of mass was isointense to the brain parenchyma in 5 and hyperintese in 3. After Gadlinium-DTPA injection, seven lesions were enhanced homogeneously, and the margin of the mass was smooth in 5 and irregular in 3. Peritumoral edema was moderate in 4, absent in 3, and severi in 1. These characteristics may be useful in the diagnosis of primary CNS lymphoma.
Basal Ganglia ; Brain ; Cerebellum ; Diagnosis ; Edema ; Humans ; Lymphoma* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Parietal Lobe ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: To evaluate the vault change after implantable collamer lens (ICL) size exchange according to the preoperative vault. METHODS: In 14 eyes of 13 patients, the vault change after ICL exchange operation due to unideal vault was compared in 2 groups, the smaller ICL exchanged group and larger ICL exchanged group. RESULTS: In 6 out of 14 eyes, the ICL was exchanged to a 0.5 mm smaller size and the vault was changed from 1.38 mm (1.18-1.70) to 0.71 mm (0.51-0.92) (p = 0.03). In 8 eyes, the ICL was exchanged to a 0.5 mm bigger size and the vault was changed from 0.07 mm (0.03-0.13) to 0.50 mm (0.12-1.01) (p < 0.01). The exchange operation was performed at 3.5 postoperative days (1-6) if the ICL was exchanged to 1 step smaller size, but the exchange operation was performed at 135 postoperative days (90-660) if the ICL was exchanged to 1 step bigger size (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: ICL exchange to 1 step smaller or bigger size is an effective method to correct unideal postoperative vault to a more ideal vault size. The exchange to 1 step smaller size ICL tended to be performed sooner.
Humans ; Phakic Intraocular Lenses*