Childhood chronic abdominal pain usually doesn't have an organic etiology. It may cause social impairment and emotional distress in children as well as their families. In view of cognitive and behavioral aspect, passive coping style, maladaptive social modeling, and reinforced secondary gain could contribute to the development and maintenance of pediatric somatization. Integrative etiological model includes biological factors due to the enteric sensitization process, psychosocial factors which encompass family influences, psychodevelomental vulnerability, and life event-related stress. These factors interact with each other and manifest as various psychosomatic symptoms. In the treatment of childhood chronic abdominal pain, multimodal treatment program, which includes cognitive behavioral therapeutic methods, emotional support, family education, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, and so on, is known to be most effective.
Abdominal Pain ; Biological Factors ; Child ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Humans ; Serotonin

No abstract available.
Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Multiple Myeloma*

No abstract available.
Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Melphalan* ; Multiple Myeloma* ; Prednisone* ; Vincristine*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The occurrence of brain metastasis (BM) has increased due to improved overall survival (OS) in uterine cervical cancer. However, research about prognostic factors and therapeutic guidelines for BM in uterine cervical cancer remains scarce due to the rarity of BM in this type of cancer. The present study evaluated the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors influencing OS in patients with BM from uterine cervical cancer. METHODS: A total of 19 BM patients of uterine cervical cancer were analyzed retrospectively from January 1995 to December 2016. RESULTS: The median and mean OS of all patients was 9.6 and 15.4 months. Treatment (vs. palliative care, p < 0.001), fewer than three regimens of chemotherapy before BM (vs. ≥ 3, p < 0.013), and chemotherapy after BM (vs. absence, p < 0.001) significantly increased the OS time. The Karnofsky performance status ≥ 70 (vs. < 70, p = 0.213), single BM (vs. multiple BM, p = 0.157), and small cell carcinoma (vs. others, p = 0.351) had numerically higher OS than others. Dual therapy (vs. single therapy, p = 0.182; vs. no therapy, p = 0.076) were associated with a longer OS time, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. In addition, the graded prognostic assessment (GPA) appeared to be a better prognostic tool than the recursive partitioning analysis. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study suggest active multimodal treatment including neurosurgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy for BM of uterine cervical cancer with single BM, good performance status, histology of small cell carcinoma, and a better GPA.

Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS) is a rare systemic vascular disorder characterized by multiple venous malformations involving many organs. BRBNS can occur in various organs, but the most frequently involved organs are the skin and gastrointestinal (GI) tract. GI lesions of BRBNS can cause acute or chronic bleeding, and treatment is challenging. Herein, we report a case of GI BRBNS that was successfully treated with a combination of intraoperative endoscopy and radical resection.
Blister ; Endoscopy ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; Hemorrhage ; Intestines ; Nevus ; Nevus, Blue ; Rubber ; Skin ; Skin Neoplasms

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic disease characterized by neoplastic and non-neoplastic disorders involving tissues of neuroectodermal and mesenchymal origin. NF1 is caused by mutations in the NF1 gene, which is found on chromosome 17q11.2. Patients with NF1 are at increased risk of developing soft tissue sarcomas that arise within the stromal compartment of the gastrointestinal tract, termed gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). GISTs associated with neurofibromatosis differ from sporadic GISTs, particularly with respect to their lower response rate to imatinib. We recently experienced a case involving a 45-year-old man with NF1 who was admitted to the hospital with epigastric pain and vomiting. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a duodenal GIST with pancreatic invasion. He had a base substitution mutation involving replacement of 2041 cytosine with thymine. He was treated successfully with a surgical operation and adjuvant imatinib therapy.
Benzamides ; Cytosine ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors* ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Genes, Neurofibromatosis 1 ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neural Plate ; Neurofibromatoses* ; Neurofibromatosis 1* ; Piperazines ; Pyrimidines ; Sarcoma ; Thymine ; Vomiting ; Imatinib Mesylate

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic disease characterized by neoplastic and non-neoplastic disorders involving tissues of neuroectodermal and mesenchymal origin. NF1 is caused by mutations in the NF1 gene, which is found on chromosome 17q11.2. Patients with NF1 are at increased risk of developing soft tissue sarcomas that arise within the stromal compartment of the gastrointestinal tract, termed gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). GISTs associated with neurofibromatosis differ from sporadic GISTs, particularly with respect to their lower response rate to imatinib. We recently experienced a case involving a 45-year-old man with NF1 who was admitted to the hospital with epigastric pain and vomiting. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a duodenal GIST with pancreatic invasion. He had a base substitution mutation involving replacement of 2041 cytosine with thymine. He was treated successfully with a surgical operation and adjuvant imatinib therapy.
Benzamides ; Cytosine ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors* ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Genes, Neurofibromatosis 1 ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neural Plate ; Neurofibromatoses* ; Neurofibromatosis 1* ; Piperazines ; Pyrimidines ; Sarcoma ; Thymine ; Vomiting ; Imatinib Mesylate

No abstract available.
Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute* ; Lymphocytes*

Locked in syndrome (LIS) is a state of tetraplegia and lower cranial nerve palsies in which vertical eye movement and blinking are the only means of communication, but consciousness is preserved. LIS is most frequently a sequelae of a basilar artery thrombosis lesion and may be caused by trauma, hemorrhage, a tumor, infection, etc., which results in a ventral pontine lesion or bilateral midbrain lesion. Early diagnosis and treatment must be a priority because the recovery of patients with locked in syndrome caused by a basilar artery occlusion is exceptional, with a 65~75% mortality. Although an improved clinical outcome can be achieved in patients with a basilar artery occlusion by early recanalization after the use of thrombolytic therapy or angioplasty, early diagnosis and treatment of this state is difficult, for the neurologic deficits develope gradually. The diagnosis of LIS in patients who present with hypoxia, metabolic disorder, endocrine disorder, central nerve system disorder, acute alcohol intoxication, acute drug intoxication, etc may be missed. At the emergency department, closer attention and frequent neurologic examinations must be given to patients who complain of altered mental state. We report a case of LIS which was misdiagnosised as hypoglycemic encephalopathy and review the literature.
Angioplasty ; Anoxia ; Basilar Artery ; Blinking ; Consciousness ; Cranial Nerve Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Errors ; Early Diagnosis ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Eye Movements ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia* ; Mesencephalon ; Mortality ; Neurologic Examination ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Quadriplegia* ; Thrombolytic Therapy ; Thrombosis

PURPOSE: MOPP/ABV hybrid regimen incorporates MOPP and ABVD into a single regimen on the tenets of the Goldie-Coldman hypothesis. This study was performed to determine the efficacy of COPP/ABV hybrid regimen, in which cyclophosphamide was substituted for mechlorethamine, in patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease were treated with cyclophosphamide(600 mg/m2 iv, Dl), vincristine(1.4 mg/m2 iv, D1), procarbazine(100 mg/m2/d po, D1-7), prednisolone(40 mg/m2/d po D1-14), doxorubicin(35 mg/m2 iv, D8), bleomycin(10 mg/m2 iv, D8) and vinblastine(6 mg/m2 iv, D8). The treatment was repeated every 4 weeks. RESULTS: Between Aug. 1989 and Aug. 1996, 28 patients were enrolled. The median age was 33 years. Twenty one(75%) were previously untreated, newly diagnosed patients and 7(25%) were those who had relapsed after previous radiotherapy(RT). The common histologic types were nodular sclerosis(46%) and mixed cellularity(36%). Twenty three (82%) patients achieved complete remission(CR), three(11%) with the assistance of involved-field RT. Only one patient was primary treatment failure. The median follow-up duration was 56 months. Of the 23 patients achieving CR, three(13%) relapsed. Five-year relapse-free survival was 84.4%. Eight patients died. Five-year overall survival rate was 66.6% and 5-year failure-free survival rate was 66.3%. The survival rate of those who had relapsed after previous RT was significantly lower than that of newly diagnosed patients(P=0.03). The hematologic toxicities were common, but nonhernatologic toxicities were uncommon. Five patients died of treatment-related pneumonia or sepsis. Among them, four were those who had relapsed after previous RT. CONCLUSION: COPP/ABV hybrid regimen could cure significant proportion of patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease but the treatment-related mortality was high, especially in those who had relapsed after previous RT. Another regimen should be considered for those who received previous RT.
Cyclophosphamide ; Drug Therapy* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hodgkin Disease* ; Humans ; Mechlorethamine ; Mortality ; Pneumonia ; Radiotherapy ; Sepsis ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Failure