OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to identify the socioeconomic factors, health behavior factors and dietary patterns that have an influence on the fasting blood glucose in adults. METHODS: This study used data collected from the 2007, 2008, 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The final sample included 4163 subjects who were 30-59 years old and who had completed the necessary health examinations, the health behaviors survey and nutrition survey. RESULTS: Eleven dietary patterns emerged from the factor analysis with different factor loading. After controlling for potential confounders, multiple regression analysis of the dietary patterns showed that 'fruits', 'alcohols', and 'starchy foods' affected the fasting blood. Lower consumption of 'fruits' and higher consumption of 'alcohols' and 'starch foods' were significantly associated only with an increased risk of high blood glucose. CONCLUSIONS: In the light of the results of this study, it appears pretty likely that the risk of developing high blood glucose can be reduced by changing a person's dietary patterns.
Adult ; Age Factors ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Blood Glucose/*analysis ; Body Mass Index ; *Diet ; *Fasting ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nutrition Surveys ; Republic of Korea ; Sex Factors

With an aging population, osteoporotic vertebral collapse is an increasingly common condition. This compression fractures has been considered a benign entity, quite responsive to conservative treatment. In a rare patients, however, a major neurologic complication and painful kyphosis despite conservative treatment can develop. Therefore, the purpose of this present study is to analyze the surgical results of 14 patients with severe back pain, an increasing kyphosis and neurologic deficits caused hy osteoporotic vertebral collapse following minor trauma, who were treated surgically. Presenting signs and symptoms included severe back pain with progression of kyphosis in 6 patients and increasing neural deficit in 8 patients. Of 14 patients, eight patients had an intravertebral cleft sign (vacuum sign). Indications for surgery included increasing kyphotic deformity, intractable pain, or increasing neurologic deficit. There was no correlation between intravertebral cleft sign and neurologic deficit. However, patients who had intravertebral cleft sign had not well respond to conservative treatment. As treatments, combined anterior and posterior fusion in 8, anterior fusion in 4, posterior instrumentation, and wide decompressive laminectomry in one patient, respectively, were carried out. The final correction of the deformity averaged 0.3 degrees. Therefore. correction of kyphosis was not favorably maintained because of variable surgical methods, and sinking of graft bone or instrumentation into the osteoporotic vertebral bodies. However, pain was reduced significantly in all patients. In addition neurological symptoms improved in 7 patients. One patient underwent reoperation with nnterior inierbody tusion together with anterior instrument because of an increasing kyphosis, neurologic. iymptoms and scvcre hack pain following wide decompressive laminectomy. There was no complication relatecl to instruments. The authors strongly helieved that surgical intervention has highly satisfactory results in patients who have intravertehral cleft sign with persistent back pain despite conservative treatment, and proressive or persistent neurologic deficits following osteoporotic vertebral collapse.
Aging ; Back Pain ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Fractures, Compression ; Humans ; Kyphosis ; Laminectomy ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Osteoporosis ; Pain, Intractable ; Reoperation ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Small Cell* ; Cisplatin* ; Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Etoposide* ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute* ; Lung*

BACKGROUND: C-reactive protein is a substance that elevates when there is an abnormal metabolic reaction or inflammatory condition. Some researchers in Korea reported different results about the association between smoking and CRP. In this study, the relationship between CRP and various smoking characteristics among Korean men was investigated. METHODS: A data was analyzed in healthy men, who had visited a health promotion center in a university hospital from September, 2003, to December, 2003. CRP was quantitatively analyzed by high sensitivity-CRP. Elevated CRP (> or =2.2 mg/L) level in relation to various smoking characteristics were studied and multiple logistic regression analysis for elevated CRP (> or =2.2 mg/L) level was conducted. RESULTS: The number of current smokers was 893, past smokers 550, and non-smokers 413. The association between smoking status, daily smoking amount, duration of smoking (P=0.031, P=0.003, P=0.034) and elevated CRP level was shown by chi-square test. After multiple logistic regression analysis for risk factors, elevated CRP level was shwon to be associated with daily smoking amount in the current smokers, body fat percentage, WBC count and HDL-cholesterol. The odds ratios for elevated CRP level by smoking amount were 2.32 (95% confidence interval 1.11~4.85) in those who smoked 10~19 cigarettes per day, 3.54 (95% confidence interval 1.64~7.63) in those who smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day compared to those who smoked less than 10 cigarettes per day. CONCLUSION: Among current smokers, elevated CRP level was associated with daily smoking amount in the current smokers, This is the first study to report the relationship between CRP and smoking behaviors among Korean men.
Adipose Tissue ; C-Reactive Protein* ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Odds Ratio ; Risk Factors ; Smoke* ; Smoking* ; Tobacco Products

BACKGROUND: The aim of this research was to find out the costs of diabetes, as research in a prospective cohort study looking into the development of diabetic complications followed by treatment intervention by a medical institution. The research compared the changes in medical costs by following-up on the treatment details of diagnosed diabetes for the last 10 years in a university hospital. METHODS: The research used data of outpatient, inpatient, pharmaceutical and total medical costs, from 1996 to 2005, of individual patients who were diagnosed with diabetic patients, to analyze the outpatient and inpatient total medical cost changes over the years. RESULTS: After antidiabetic drug, in the case of outpatient treatment, pharmaceutical costs increased on average by about 25,000 won a month for diabetic patients without complications and by 35,000 won for diabetic patients with microvascular complications. Outpatient medical costs were affected after drug treatment by as much of an increase as created by the pharmaceutical costs. The total medical costs, that is the sum of inpatient and outpatient costs, decreased by 30~40% compared to that before drug treatment. In the case of total medical cost, MI or ESRD cost 2~3 times more in pharmaceutical costs than before the development of complications. The total medical costs of diabetic patients with CVA, MI and ESRD complications increased in the first year after development of the complication, and this was followed by a decrease in the next year, showing a tendency to remain constant with no increase or decrease over subsequent years. This means that the total medical costs of patients with complications remain continuously large throughout the life of the diagnosed patient. CONCLUSION: For diabetic patients, pharmaceutical costs are the most important factor in determining outpatient medical costs.
Cohort Studies ; Diabetes Complications ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Outpatients ; Prospective Studies

No abstract available.
Lymphoma*

Tolvaptan, a non-peptide arginine vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist, is a newly developed drug to reduce kidney volume and preserve kidney function in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) patients. We aimed to evaluate the descriptive characteristics of patients according to the use of tolvaptan. Also, we tried to find the efficacy of tolvaptan on kidney volume and kidney function. We included patients with ADPKD who visited a tertiary hospital in South Korea during Sep. 2018 and Apr. 2022. The data was acquired from the Electric Medical Records system. A total of 64 patients were included in the study, and there were 33 (51.6%) patients taking tolvaptan during follow-up periods. During 17.8 ± 13.1 months of follow-up periods, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) changes were 89.4% compared to the baseline eGFR. Although the latest eGFR was lower in patients with tolvaptan (55.9 ± 24.7 mL/min/1.73 m2) than without tolvaptan (68.4 ± 35.1 mL/min/1.73 m2), there was no statistical significance (p = 0.108). We found that the mean change of height-adjusted total kidney volume (HtTKV) was -2.7% based on the baseline HtTKV in patients taking tolvaptan for more than 1-year. Although there was no statistical significance, the mean change of HtTKV was the highest in patients with 1E of Mayo classification (-4.3%). To anticipate the solid data on the efficacy of tolvaptan in the Asian population, more aggressive efforts are needed to search for suitable patients accompanied by appropriate monitoring over a more extended period.

The masticatory function of tooth is maintained by the periodontal health, and periodontal health is also maintained by the masticatory function. Bite forces are withstanded by the PDL, and this thought to be through the viscoelastic theory. Mobility test and Bite force test are used to evaluate the viscoelastic theory of the PDL. In this study, the bite force test was used. In the same conditions of quantity of the supporting tissue, the maximum bite force according to the quality of the supporting tissue was evaluated. The study was conducted on 40 patients with moderate adult periodontitis, who were indications to the modified widman flap treatment. The maximum bite force in the premolar and molar regions were tested before treatment, 3weeks and 4 weeks after treatment. and the results were as follows. 1. In the premolar region, 3 weeks and 4 weeks after treatment showed higher maximum bite force than before treatment. And in the molar region the maximum bite force decreased 3 weeks after treatment, but increased after 4 weeks, compared to before treatment. 2. In the 1st premolar, there were only significant difference between before and 3 weeks after treatment, and between and 4 weeks after treatment. 3. In the 2nd premolar, there were only significant difference between before and 3 weeks after treatment, and between and 4 weeks after treatment. 4. In the 1st molar, there were no significant difference between before, 3 weeks after treatment, 4 weeks after treatment. 5. In the 2nd molar, there were no significant difference between before, 3 weeks after treatment, 4 weeks after treatment. From the results above, it shows that there were improvements in the maximum bite force through specific periodontal treatments, and thus it can be considered in clinical situations, that selection of the prosthodontic material, decisions of extraction, evaluation of the prognosis after periodontal treatment is a helpful method.
Bicuspid ; Bite Force* ; Chronic Periodontitis ; Humans ; Molar ; Prognosis ; Prosthodontics ; Tooth

OBJECTIVE: The use of computed tomography (CT) in pediatric patients has decreased since the association between radiation and cancer risk has been reported. However, in adolescent patients being treated as adult patients, there has been a high incidence of CT use in emergency departments (EDs). Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the CT use in adolescent patients with complaints of headache or abdominal pain in the general and pediatric EDs of the same hospital.METHODS: A retrospective chart review of patients aged 15 to 18 years, who presented with headache or abdominal pain at the general and pediatric EDs of Seoul National University Hospital from January 2010 to December 2014, was conducted.RESULTS: A total of 407 adolescent patients with complaints of headache and 980 with abdominal pain were included in this study. The adolescent patients in the general ED were more likely to undergo CT scans than those in the pediatric ED, with both patients having headache (42.4% vs. 20.5%, respectively, P<0.001) and abdominal pain (29.0% vs. 18.4%, respectively, P<0.001). There was no statistical difference in the rates of positive CT findings between the general and pediatric EDs. The frequency of visits to the general ED was associated with high rates of CT use in adolescent patients with complaints of headache (odds ratio, 3.95; 95% confidence interval, 2.01 to 7.77) and those with abdominal pain (odds ratio, 1.76; 95% confidence interval, 1.18 to 2.64).CONCLUSION: The ED setting influences the use of CT on adolescent patients, and a child-friendly environment could reduce the radiation risks.
Abdominal Pain ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Emergencies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Headache ; Humans ; Incidence ; Radiation Exposure ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at clarifying the character of cerebral artery vasospasm on rabbit model by observing the vascular responses to nitric oxide and endothelin-1 treatment at different time points. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight rabbits undertook vertebrobasilar angiographies on the postoperative 2nd day and the 7th day after subarachnoid hemorrhage operation. The animals were divided into the vasospasm and the non-vasospasm group accroding to the result of vertebrobasilar angiographies. After sacrificing the animal, the vascular ring of harvested basilar artery was suspended in Krebs solution organ chamber for observation of isometric tension change in response to nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 under high (95% O2 / 5% CO2) and low (95% N2 / 5% CO2) O2 tension. To investigate NO-dependent the vascular relaxation response, acetylcholine (10-7-3x10-4 M) was applied to basilar artery ring preconcentrated with histamine (10-6-10-5 M) in the organ chamber. The vascular contraction response was observed by applying endothelin-1 (10-11-3x10-8 M) into the organ chamber. RESULTS: The angiography showed vasospasm in seven of fifteen rabbits of the postoperative-2-day group (64.3+/-11.2%) and seven of fifteen rabbits of the postoperative-7-day (64.9+/-10.9%). On the postoperative-2-day, all the vascular response to NO and endothelin-1 under both high and low O2 tension was not significantly different between the vasospasm developed basilar artery and the vasospasm undeveloped one. On the postoperative-7-day, the vascular relaxation response to NO under high O2 tension was significantly different between the vasospasm developed basilar artery and the vasospasm undeveloped one (p=0.029). However, the vascular relaxation response to NO under low O2 tension was not significantly different. The vascular contraction response to endothelin-1 under high O2 tension was significantly different between the vasospasm developed basilar artery and the vasospasm undeveloped one (p=0.032). However, the vascular contraction response to endothelin-1 under low O2 tension was not significantly different. CONCLUSION: This experiment suggest that the vasospasm of the postoperative-2-day have different character from that of the postoperative-7-day in the rabbits. This suggestion may play some roles in the future study of the subarachnoid hemorrhage model. the study of the vasospasm mechanism of human, and developing antispasmodic drugs.
Acetylcholine ; Angiography ; Animals ; Basilar Artery* ; Cerebral Arteries ; Endothelin-1* ; Histamine ; Humans ; Nitric Oxide* ; Parasympatholytics ; Rabbits ; Relaxation ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage