Purpose:To evaluate the feasibility and study the mechanism of buthionine sulfoximine (B SO) as an effective sensitizer to overcome cisplatin resistance caused by overex pressing multidrug resistance associated protein(MRP).Methods:T he vector pcDNA3.1(-)-MRP, which included the complete cDNA of mrp, was transf ected into human lung cancer cell line SPC-A-1 and the positive clone(SPC-A- 1/MRP) was screened by G418,MRP expression comfirmed by Werstern blot and immuno histochemistry. The cell line SPC-A-1/MRP(-) was constructed by transfected p lasmid pcDNA3.1(-) as control. Comparing the sensitivities of SPC-A-1/MRP and control cells to anticancer drug- cisplatin(CDDP) with or without 1mg/mL BSO w as done by MTT assay. At the same time, the changes of glutathione detoxifcation system (glutathione,glutathione S-transferase , glutathione peroxidase) by RT -PCR and biochemistry methods under treated with CDDP and/or BSO were determine d.Results:SPC-A-1/MRP cells showed 2 fold resistance to CDDP as compared to the parent S PC-A-1/MRP(-) cell line and the cytotoxicity was markedly enhanced by 1mg/m B SO at low cisplatin concentration. When treated with CDDP , accompanied by a hig her transscript of MRP, it was found there was greater GSH content and lower tot al GSH-Px activity in the resistant SPC-A-1/MRP cells. Combined with BSO, the GSH content decreased greatly ,the MRP mRNA was reduced and the transscript of GST and GSH-Px were increased although the activities of both GST and GSH-Px were all decreased.Conclusions:Cisplatin resistance can be caused by over-expression MRP, glutation detoxifcat ion system played an important role in MRP-mediated resistance which can be ove rcomed by BSO.

Multidrug-resistance associated protein (MRP), a member of ATP-binding cassette superfamily transporters,confers multi-drug resistance by reducting intracellular drug concentrations and/or altering the pattern of intracellular drug distribution. Using mrp gene knockout models, researchers have found that a total block of mrp is compatible with life and its physiological functions seem to be an ATP-depending pump to co-transport free GSH and some presently unknown endogenous metabolites to protect the normal extracellular environment.

The balanced scorecard, a new performance management tool used by enterprises, transcends the traditional assessment method of measuring an enterprise only from the financial perspective and renders it possible to view an enterprise simultaneously from four perspectives: financial, customer, internal process, and learning and growth. The balanced scorecard, which can also be used in the medical and health field, enables the hospital to continuously improve performance so as to realize its vision and strategic goals. The paper gives an account of the concept, development steps and principles of the balanced scorecard and its application in hospital strategic management, thus identifying a new channel for hospital development.

Objective To study the significance of AP-PCR i n identification and subtyping of der-matophytes.Methods Using a pair of random primers,OPAA11(5' -ACCCGACCTG -3' ),and OPD18(5' -GAGAGCCAAC -3' )the DNAs of 64isolates of dermatophytes(9species of 3genera),Sporothrix schenckii and Candida albicans were amplified by AP-PCR and analyse d by electrophoresis.Results Distinct DNA band patterns were observed in diffe rent dermatophyte species.Common major DNA bands were observed in Trichophyton rubrum isolated from different areas with s train difference.Conclusion Using OPAA11and OPD18as primers,AP-PCR may be applied in the identification and subtypi ng of dermatophytes.

Objective To discuss the effect of formative evaluation for flipped classroom of college English teaching. Method We chose 180 clinical medicine undergraduates from a college and divided them equally into experimental class and control class. In the experimental class, the formative evaluation was implemented for the flipped classroom of college English teaching from September 2014 to June 2015. At the same time, the teaching in the control class was carried out according to the basic process of flipped classroom, with no formative evaluation. At the end of the experiment, the students' satisfaction survey, autonomous learning ability and English proficiency test of the two classes were finished. SAS 9.1 software was used for statistical analysis, and t test was used to compare two class measurement information and count data with chi-square test. Result ①Experimental class' satisfaction of formative assessment teaching design for flipped classroom was 94.45%, which was obviously higher than that of the control class (66.66%). The difference was statistically significant (χ2=7.94, P=0.005). (χ2=7.94,P=0.005).②The score at first, fifth dimension and the overall score of independent learning in experimental classes were respectively (55.31± 4.99)、 (53.61±4.93)、 (247.16±22.10), and they were significantly higher than those in the control class (47.18±4.23)、(45.72±4.01)、(225.92±20.78) (t=8.889, P=0.001;t=7.299, P=0.001;t=6.642,P=0.001), and other dimensions' score was also significantly higher than that in comparative classes (P<0.05). ③The pass-ing rate of CET-4, and the number of students from 505 to 544 and more than 545 fraction in the experi-mental class were respectively 79 (87.78%)、19 (21.11%)、10 (11.11%), and they were significantly higher than those in the control class 61(67.78%)、10(11.11%)、0(0). Conclusion Formative assessment can obvi-ously improve the teaching effect of flipped classroom of college English.

Objective To study the effect of an angiogenesis inhibitor TNP-470 (TNP )used alone and in combination with cytoxan(CTX) in the treatment of human ovarian cancer transplanted s.c. in nude mice. Methods Human ovarian cancer transplanted s.c. in nude mice model was established, then divided into 5 groups: control group, vehicle group, TNP group,CTX group and TNP+CTX group, different treatments were served from day 8 after transplantation and all mice were sacrificed after 28 days. The weights of the mice and the volumes of the tumors were measured respectively during the therapy time. Moreover, microscopy was done after H&E staining. Results The growth inhibiting rates in the TNP and CTX group were 26.1% and 33.9% respectively; After combined, the rate was increased to 70.5%. There were no obvious decrease in the weight of all treated mice. Conclusions Treatment with TNP is an potentially useful method of antitumor therapy in ovarian cancer, although the inhibition effects were not obvious in small doses. Moreover,TNP could enhance the effectiveness of antitumor drug.

To investigate the current condition of cognitive misunderstandings of English learning among students with traditional Chinese medicine majors, in order to put forward strategies for English learning in TCM universities.The investigation was carried out by the method of questionnaires among the students with TCM majors. Another investigation was carried out by interviews with TCM students, English teachers and experts, TCM teachers and experts. Cognitive misunderstandings of English learning among students with TCM majors occurred, such as low participation of English extracurricular learning, wrong learning motivation, weak awareness of self-learning and international exchange and communication. There were 3 ways for solving cognitive misunderstandings, including that students could improve the correct learning attitude and self-learning awareness and practice, that English and TCM teachers and experts could give students some advice of career development and TCM internationalization, and that TCM universities could reinforce English and bilingual teacher team construction, improve educational environment.

Objective To explore the clinical value of 13C-methacetin breath test for the assessment of liver disorder and to analyze its predictive value to the severity of liver function injury in children.Methods Eighteen healthy children served as healthy control group,and 40 patients with different etiology and severity served as experimental group,and then the latter were divided into 2 subgroups,28 patients in Child-Pugh classification A,and 12 cases in below B(11 cases in B and 1 case in C).An oral dose of 2 mg/kg tracer 13C-methacetin was administered to each subject for the 13 C-methacetin breath test.At the same time,serum liver function markers including serum transaminase,bilirubin,albumin and prothrombin time were measured.The acquired data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software.Results (1) Metabolisation velocity (MV) max30 and cumulated dose (CUM) 120 in experimental group (46.64 ± 27.93,59.29 ± 30.73) were much lower than those of the healthy control group(73.56 ± 26.03,102.97 ± 41.80) (t =2.450,3.165,all P ＜0.05);(2) MVmax30 and CUM120 were closely correlated with the liver function markers of albumin,total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,prothrombin time (P ＜ 0.05);(3) MVmax30 and CUM120 could predict liver diseases in children,especially the CUM120.With CUM120 =85.80 as a cut-off value to predict liver diseases,the Youden index was 0.578 at its maximum,and the sensitivity and specificity were 77.8％ and 80.0％;(4) Compared with the Child-Pugh classification A,the CUM120 in Child-Pugh classification B and lower B was significantly lower(P ＜ 0.001);(5) CUM120 could predict the severity of liver diseases.With CUM120 =56.15 as a cut off value to predict the severity of liver diseases,the Youden index was 0.857 at its maximum,and the sensitivity and specificity were 85.7％ and 100.0％.Conclusion 13C-methacetin breath test index of CUM120 could predict liver diseases in children and the severity of liver function.

Liver and gastrointestinal tumors greatly threaten human health and have poor therapeutic outcomes and prognosis.Tumor necrosis factor -alpha -induced protein 8 -like 2 (TIPE2)can negatively regulate innate immunity and adaptive immunity and maintain immune ho-meostasis.Recent studies have found that TIPE2 can affect various signaling pathways and thus exerts an inhibitory effect on the development and progression of tumors.This article briefly introduces the structure and function of TIPE2 and its regulatory effect on tumor -related sig-naling pathways such as Ras,Ral,and Rac and downstream molecules,as well as the role of TIPE2 in liver and gastrointestinal tumors,re-lated signaling pathways,and research advances.