No abstract available.
Humans

No abstract available.
Humans

No abstract available.
Family Practice* ; Humans ; Internship and Residency*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: The accuracy of CT in the detection of injuries of the solid visceral organ is well established, but the value of CT in diagnosing small bowel rupture after abdominal trauma is controversal. This study was conducted to ascertain CT finding of small bowel rupture result from abdominal trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of preoperative abdominal CT findings in 40 patients was performed. Small bowel rupture was confirmed by surgery. Precontrast and postcontrast enhanced CT images were obtained in all patients. RESULTS: Diagnostic findings of small bowel rupture including pneumoperitoneum or retroperitoneal air, discontinuity of the bowel wall and extravasation of oral contrast materials were observed in 33 cases(83%). Intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal free air was seen in 31 cases(78%) and intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal free fluid collection was seen in 38 patients(95%). Small bowel wall was thickened in 31 cases(78%), bowel wall was enhanced in 12 cases(30%) and bowel wall discontinuity and extravasation of oral contrast material was seen in 5 cases, respectively. CONCLUSION: The CT scan is sensitive and effective modality for evaluation of small bowel rupture after abdominal trauma, because of high detectability of diagnostic and suggestive CT findings.
Contrast Media ; Humans ; Pneumoperitoneum ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND: The mechanically ventilated patient's stay in the emergency department (ED) is brief but ventilatory management and intervention must be optimal. Agitation, anxiety, distress, and discomfort are common complications far the ventilated patient. So, sedation is necessary to reduce these complications. METHODS: Patients were monitored and mechanically ventilated. Midazolam was intravenously administered as loading dose(3-5mg), followed by continuous infusion at a rate of 0.06mg/kg/hr, titrated to achieve a predetermined sedation level (Ramsay's sedation score: 2-5 points, Glasgow coma score scathe : 8-11 points). RESULTS: After onset of predetermined sedation, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate remained stable during continuous infusion when compared with those of the initial state. Arterial blood gas and peak inspiratory pressure remained unchanged but respiratory rate was decreased to allowable ranges. CONCLUSION: A short-term continuous infusion of midazolam was a safe and erective method for sedation of ventilated patients in ED.
Anxiety ; Blood Pressure ; Coma ; Dihydroergotamine ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Midazolam* ; Respiratory Rate

BACKGROUND: Vasoconstrictors have been used as an adjunct to local anesthetics to prolong the duration of spinal anesthesia. Recently, clonidine, an 2-receptor agonist has been shown to prolong the duration of spinal anesthesia following intrathecal administration. Bupivacaine has been used for spinal anesthesia and compared with tetracaine in recent studies. We have undertaken this study to further evaluate the effect of clonidine in hyperbaric 0.5% bupivacaine spinal anesthesia. METHODS: Thirty patients who were scheduled for lower limb or urologic operation were divided into 2 groups: Group A (hyperbaric bupivacaine 13 mg, 2.6 ml + N/S 1 ml), Group B (hyperbaric bupivacaine 13 mg, 2.6 ml + clonidine 150 g, 1 ml). We used standardized techniques and injected above drugs to group A and B intrathecally for spinal anesthesia. We investigated the onset and the duration of spinal anesthesia along with hemodynamic changes (blood pressure and heart rate) in patients. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the onset of spinal anesthesia and hemodynamic changes between two groups. The time taken to recover from the nerve block was more prolonged in the group B (touch 225, pain 262, foot dorsiflexion 271, knee flexion 290 minutes) than group A (touch 154, pain 188, foot dorsiflexion 198, knee flexion 216 minutes). There were no significant differences in sedation, and in experiencing dry mouth and other side effects between two groups. CONCLUSION: Intrathecal clonidine 150 g has been proved to prolong the duration of hyperbaric 0.5% bupivacaine spinal anesthesia without neurotoxicity or dangerous hemodynamic depression. Therefore, clonidine can be used as an effective adjunct in hyperbaric bupivacaine spinal anesthesia.
Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Anesthetics, Local ; Bupivacaine* ; Clonidine* ; Depression ; Foot ; Heart ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Knee ; Lower Extremity ; Mouth ; Nerve Block ; Tetracaine ; Vasoconstrictor Agents

No abstract available.
Antibodies* ; Immunoglobulin G* ; Immunoglobulin M*

No abstract available.
Blood Platelets*