The aim of this study is to help understanding of the health behaviour of elderly and to promote the development of nursing intervention enhancing health behaviour. This study trys to accomplish this goal by narrating and comparing health behaviours of several age groups and investigating related factors of health behaviour. Concrete Objects are as follows : first, to investigate whether elderly do active health behaviour, and what is the content of health behaviour. Second, to compare factors influencing health behaviour of each group. Subjects are 409 adult community residents. A group(20~39) are 123. B group(40~59) are 117. C group(60~) are 169. The results of this study are as belows. 1. The health state of elderly(C) is worse than other age groups. Health fear and health concern of C is less than A and B. But the rate of practicing health behaviour of C is higher than A and B. 2. The question of what is the most important health factor ; (1) [Regular life and diet] is considered the most important by all age groups(A-30.1%, B-27.4%, C-40.7%). Next is [exercise and rest]. And all age groups thnk that [happy mind] is among health factors. (2) [Frequent outgoing](5.7%), [hard working], [economic stability], [disease control] is also mentioned by elderly. 3. Ill-health behaviour : [smoking], [drinking], [stress], [irregular life and diet] are mentioned by all age groups. Elderly considers [confining at home](7.0%), [having nothing to do](5.6%), [motionless lying] as Ill-health behaviour. 4. The rate of practicing health behaviour : A is 73.2%, B is 74.4%, and C is 78.1%. Health behaviour is mainly made up of the items reflecting physical health concept. 5. The rate of peopl eating food or medicine in last 6 months to promote health : A is 30.3%, B is 45.4%, and C is 54.2%. 6. (1) The rate of health fear is highest at B(80.3%). (2) [Disease contract and worsening] is first item of health fear. A and B mention [can't live healthy], [declining of physical strength], [being fatty], [smoking], [stress], [loss of mobility]. C mention [loss of mobility], [deterioration of vision and hearing], [declining of cognitive function]. (3) The reasons of health fear are [maintenance of living], [cases of other people], [hardship of children] (A and B group), [confining of activity], [hardship of children] (C). 7. [Sex(p=.05)], [health concern(p=.04)] are significant variables in health behavior in all respondents. But they are different among each age groups. [Economic activity(p=.02)], [health concern(p=.05)] (B group), [education level(p=.05)], [having disease or not(p=.05)] (C group) are significant variables. In B group, [the more educated(p=.8)], [the healthier(p=.03)] and [having person to discuss with(p=.05)] were more concerned about health. This study shows the necessity of another detail study to compare health concept and behavior of different age groups, and the variables affecting health behavior. And it is suggested that the results of the study may be applied in planning health program, and in promoting participation of community residents in the program.
Adult* ; Aged* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Eating ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Nursing

No abstract available.
Hypnotics and Sedatives*

The agitation of dementia patient is a factor which aggravates the care-givers' burdon, and it is needed to develop intervention methods. Hall and Buckwalter hypothesized that an increase in agitation behavior occur when persons experience high levels of stress. This study was conducted to explore the efficacy of hand massage in producing relaxation and decreasing agitation behaviors in persons with dementia. Hand massage was administered once a day in afternoon for 8days to 24 patients and 4days to 23 patients. There was no difference in result between the two groups. Significant differences were found in systolic blood pressure, pulse rate, emotional state from pre to post -intervention with the use of hand massage. The change of systolic blood pressure was 26% explained by ADL, MMSE-K and institutionalized period. The most significant variable was institutionalized period. The change of diastolic blood pressure was 11% explained by ADL, and it was significant. But no decrease in agitation behavior was observed and no increase in functional capacity.
Activities of Daily Living ; Blood Pressure ; Dementia* ; Dihydroergotamine ; Hand ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Massage ; Relaxation*

Providing care to the dementia elderly with behavioral problem is a major issue in nursing homes today. This study was aimed to explore the nursing staffs' response to aggressive dementia patients, and the effect that the aggressive behavior had on Nsgstaff. The interviews used a semi-structured questionnaire are were carried out from May to July, 1999. The subjects were 23 nursing personnel working in the nursing homes for dementia elderly. The result are as follows; 1. The types of aggressive behavior cited by the subjects was "physical", "linguistic", and "sexual". 2. The factors that caused the behavior were "symptoms of disease", "under- conditioning", "context of nursing care", "unsatisfied need", "relationship to other patients", "change of outer environment", and "invasion of one's own privacy". 3. The response of the subjects were "unhappiness", "stress", "anger", "exaggeration", "anxiety", and "fear". 4. The management strategies listed by nursing personnel used to alleviate aggressive behavior were "ignorance" "patience" "leaving the area" "soothing sounds" "verbal punishment" "restriction and isolation" and "various management skill appliance" "adaptation". 5. The effect that aggressive behavior and were "disturbance of relationship to elderly" "decline in the amount and quality of nursing care" "interruption of task performance" "job exhaustion" "desire to leave the job" "physical impact" "stress on the cognition of others" "anxiety about health and one own future" "interference to family life'. The findings of this study will be useful in understanding the difficulties of nursing personnel when confronting the aggressive behavior of dementia partients. It also is useful as basic data in preparing efficient intervention program for these difficulties.
Aged ; Cognition ; Dementia* ; Humans ; Nursing Homes ; Nursing Staff* ; Nursing* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Providing care to the dementia elderly with behavioral problem is a major issue in nursing homes today. This study was aimed to explore the nursing staffs' response to aggressive dementia patients, and the effect that the aggressive behavior had on Nsgstaff. The interviews used a semi-structured questionnaire are were carried out from May to July, 1999. The subjects were 23 nursing personnel working in the nursing homes for dementia elderly. The result are as follows; 1. The types of aggressive behavior cited by the subjects was "physical", "linguistic", and "sexual". 2. The factors that caused the behavior were "symptoms of disease", "under- conditioning", "context of nursing care", "unsatisfied need", "relationship to other patients", "change of outer environment", and "invasion of one's own privacy". 3. The response of the subjects were "unhappiness", "stress", "anger", "exaggeration", "anxiety", and "fear". 4. The management strategies listed by nursing personnel used to alleviate aggressive behavior were "ignorance" "patience" "leaving the area" "soothing sounds" "verbal punishment" "restriction and isolation" and "various management skill appliance" "adaptation". 5. The effect that aggressive behavior and were "disturbance of relationship to elderly" "decline in the amount and quality of nursing care" "interruption of task performance" "job exhaustion" "desire to leave the job" "physical impact" "stress on the cognition of others" "anxiety about health and one own future" "interference to family life'. The findings of this study will be useful in understanding the difficulties of nursing personnel when confronting the aggressive behavior of dementia partients. It also is useful as basic data in preparing efficient intervention program for these difficulties.
Aged ; Cognition ; Dementia* ; Humans ; Nursing Homes ; Nursing Staff* ; Nursing* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Endoscopic ACL reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone has been considered the gold standard in the field of reconstructive ACL surgery. Technically, graft must be placed at isometric point. But it is difficult to evaluate the placement of graft postoperatively. The purpose of this study is to determine the radiological ideal position of graft by comparing postoperative results with the graft placement. Seventy cases of endoscopic ACL reconstruction were reviewed and classified according to the femoral and tibial graft position on radiologic imaging. The femoral graft position was classified in relation to angle of graft on anterior position view and distance from posterior margin of graft to the inner surface of posterior cortex on lateral view. The tibial graft position was classified in relation to intercondylar eminence on anterior posterior view and lateral view. Knee score (modified Marshall, Lysholum), manual anterior instability test (Lachman test, Pivot shift test) and arthrometer measurement were checked to evaluate postoperative results in each case. The results of this study implicate that knee joint in which femoral graft was oriented at direction of 11 o clock centring around 68 degree respect to tibial joint and placed within 3mm from posterior cortex showed higher knee score and lesser laxity. In cases of tibial side, the graft oriented to intercondylar eminence (AP view) and placed anterior to intercondylar eminence (lateral view) showed higher knee score and lesser laxity.
Joints ; Knee ; Knee Joint ; Patellar Ligament* ; Transplants

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to compare recipients' health behavior, attitude to using medicaid, medication compliance, and the changes in hospital cost and visit-day of in-patient and out-patient care between tele-care regions (TCR) and general care regions (GCR) in Korean medicaid. METHOD: The design of the study was ex-post facto comparing recipients in TCR and GCR. The sample included 625 persons in TCR and 410 persons in GCR. To collect materials, the case manager interviewed recipients of medicaid and filled out questionnaires which were analyzed through SAS/PC 9.1. RESULTS: In studying health behavior and medication, compliance was not significant. However, the attitude to using medicaid was significantly more positive in TCR than in GCR. In out-patients, the change of hospital visit-day was not significant between TCR and GCR, but TCR showed a reduction in hospital cost compared to GCR. For in-patient recipients, GCR showed a greater reduction in changes in hospital cost and visit-day compared to TCR. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study show that attitudes to using medicaid via telephone are positive and results are more effective than hospital visit consultation, and the cost of out-patient care could be reduced.
Case Management ; Compliance ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Behavior ; Hospital Costs ; Humans ; Medicaid ; Medication Adherence ; Outpatients ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Telephone

PURPOSE: This study was to ascertain whether there are differences in health care utilization and expenditure for Type I Medical Aid Beneficiaries before and after applying Copayment. METHODS: This study was one-group pretest posttest design study using secondary data analysis. Data for pretest group were collected from claims data of the Korea National Health Insurance Corporation and data for posttest group were collected through door to-door interviews using a structured questionnaire. A total of 1,364 subjects were sampled systematically from medical aid beneficiaries who had applied for copayment during the period from December 12, 2007 to September 25, 2008. RESULTS: There was no negative effect of copayment on accessibility to medical services, medication adherence (p=.94), and quality of life (p=.25). Some of the subjects' health behaviors even increased preferably after applying for copayment including flu prevention (p<.001), health care examination (p=.035), and cancer screening (p=.002). However, significant suppressive effects of copayment were found on outpatient hospital visiting days (p<.001) and outpatient medical expenditure (p<.001). CONCLUSION: Copayment does not seem to be a great influencing factor on beneficiaries'accessibility to medical services and their health behavior even though it has suppressive effects on outpatients' use of health care.
Cost Sharing ; Delivery of Health Care ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Health Behavior ; Health Care Costs ; Health Expenditures ; Humans ; Korea ; Medicaid ; Medication Adherence ; National Health Programs ; Outpatients ; Quality of Life ; Statistics as Topic ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Foreign Bodies* ; Granuloma, Foreign-Body* ; Lipectomy*

The vision disturbances of school-age children has been recognized as and important school health problem. The purpose of this study is to describe the current status of the visual health and to explore the related factors for the decrease in visual acuity in the elementary school age children. The study subjects were 697 children (Boys: 338, Girls: 359) of 4th to 6th grade in two school in urban area. The visual acuity data of the school health examination in 1999 and 2000 were utilized for analysis. The questionnaire for children and parents was used for survey. The findings were as follows. 1. The prevalance rate of the children with the visual acuity less than 0.7 on the left eye were 26.84% ( Grade 4), 31.30% (Grade 5), and 38.39% (Grade 6). The rate on the right eye were 28.31% (Grade4), 30.37% (Grade 5), and 37.92% (Grade 6). There was a significant difference in the rate of the visual acuity less than 0.7 according to grade (p < .01). 2.The rate of visual acuity decrease was 40.12%. 3. The factors related to the decrease in the visual acuity were grade, sex, genetic factor, posture, and the awareness of the visual acuity. There was more decrease in the visual acuity when the children were in higher grade (O.R= 1.06), girls (O.R=2.29). Children having parents with better vision (Father: O.R=1.26; Mother O.R= 1.25) showed better vision. On the other hand, when the children have siblings with glasses, there was more decrease in the visual acuity (O.R=2.31). Students with good posture during study (sitting on the chair) and watching TV to the lower direction showed less decrease in the visual acuity. Also, when the students know their visual acuity, the rate of decrease were lower. The variables which odds ratio were statistically significant were sex (p < .01), siblings with glasses (p < .01), and awareness of visual acuity (p < .01).
Child* ; Eyeglasses ; Female ; Glass ; Hand ; Humans ; Mothers ; Odds Ratio ; Parents ; Posture ; School Health Services ; Siblings ; Visual Acuity ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires