No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Scrotum

No abstract available.
Toes*

No abstract available.
Biopsy* ; Prostate*

Osteoporotic vertebral fracture is a disease condition with high morbidity and mortality, whose prevalence rises with mean increase in the life span. Conventional treatments for an osteoporotic vertebral fracture include bed rest, pain medication and brace implementation, but if the patient's pain is severe, cement augmentation procedures, including vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty, are performed. Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are relatively easy procedures that have been reported to be effective in controlling acute pain. But, the risk of complication and additional adjacent segment fracture and their superiority over conventional treatment remain debatable. Therefore, the authors have summarized the procedures, complications, and clinical evidence of vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty in this review.
Acute Pain ; Bed Rest ; Braces ; Kyphoplasty* ; Mortality ; Prevalence ; Vertebroplasty*

No abstract available.
Contrast Media*

STUDY DESIGN: Literature review. OBJECTIVES: To present updated information on the conservative treatment of osteoporotic spinal fractures (OSFs). SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: The treatments of osteoporotic spinal fractures are bed rest, pain medication, bracing, exercise and rehabilitation, and osteoporosis medication. However, there is disagreement about the outcomes of these treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Review of the relevant literature. RESULTS: In the case of osteoporotic spinal fractures, analgesic administration, bracing, physical therapy, and exercise should be conducted. In order to prevent secondary fractures, bisphosphonates, selective estrogen receptor modulators, strontium ranelate, or parathyroid hormone, which has proven efficacy with respect to the prevention of secondary fractures, should be prescribed. CONCLUSIONS: We should actively prevent the occurrence of secondary fractures with fracture healing by implementing a proven effective treatment for osteoporotic spinal fractures.
Bed Rest ; Braces ; Diphosphonates ; Fracture Healing ; Osteoporosis ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Rehabilitation ; Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators ; Spinal Fractures* ; Strontium

Brace is one of the most commonly used interventions to manage osteoporotic vertebral fracture. However, its authentic effectiveness remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of brace in patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures. We conducted a literature review and meta-analysis following the guideline and handbook of the Cochrane collaboration. Ten published articles were included in this study and data from 4 randomized controlled trials were analyzed. Low quality evidence proved using Spinomed brace could bring large and significant beneficial effect to patients with sub-acute osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Very low quality evidence proved no significant difference between Spinomed orthosis, rigid brace and soft brace when they were used in patients with acute fractures. Therefore, it might be applicable to recommend middle term use of Spinomed orthosis to patients with subacute fracture. In addition, this study emphasized the need for high quality randomized controlled trials.
Braces* ; Cooperative Behavior ; Humans ; Orthotic Devices ; Osteoporosis ; Spine

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of varying the time of Mitomycin-C (MMC) subconjunctival injection before, during and after operation. METHOD: We divided rabbits into 3 groups according to injection time. Subconjunctival injections of 0.01% MMC 0.05 ml were given to the preoperative group at 6, 12 and 24 hours before operation, and to the postoperative group at 6, 12 and 24 hours after operation. The control group was given the injections during operation. Bleb formation and histologic analyses were studied for 4 weeks after operation. RESULTS For gross findings, the blebs of the preoperative and control groups were seen on the fourth day and completely formed at one week after operation, and were larger than those of the postoperative group. On the other hand, the blebs of the postoperative group were seen to have poor formation, displaying hypervascularity on the fourth day and disappearing one week after operation. For histologic findings, the proliferation of collagen fibers and the undifferentiation of fibroblasts observed in the preoperative and control groups were almost identical. But, the proliferation of collagen fibers and well-differentiated fibroblasts were seen to increase in the postoperative group, so aqueous flow was obstructed at week 3. CONCLUSIONS: Subconjunctival injections within 24 hours before or during glaucoma filtration surgery were better for bleb formation and preservation than those administerd after surgery.
Blister ; Collagen ; Fibroblasts ; Filtering Surgery* ; Filtration* ; Glaucoma* ; Hand ; Mitomycin* ; Rabbits*

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of varying the time of Mitomycin-C (MMC) subconjunctival injection before, during and after operation. METHOD: We divided rabbits into 3 groups according to injection time. Subconjunctival injections of 0.01% MMC 0.05 ml were given to the preoperative group at 6, 12 and 24 hours before operation, and to the postoperative group at 6, 12 and 24 hours after operation. The control group was given the injections during operation. Bleb formation and histologic analyses were studied for 4 weeks after operation. RESULTS For gross findings, the blebs of the preoperative and control groups were seen on the fourth day and completely formed at one week after operation, and were larger than those of the postoperative group. On the other hand, the blebs of the postoperative group were seen to have poor formation, displaying hypervascularity on the fourth day and disappearing one week after operation. For histologic findings, the proliferation of collagen fibers and the undifferentiation of fibroblasts observed in the preoperative and control groups were almost identical. But, the proliferation of collagen fibers and well-differentiated fibroblasts were seen to increase in the postoperative group, so aqueous flow was obstructed at week 3. CONCLUSIONS: Subconjunctival injections within 24 hours before or during glaucoma filtration surgery were better for bleb formation and preservation than those administerd after surgery.
Blister ; Collagen ; Fibroblasts ; Filtering Surgery* ; Filtration* ; Glaucoma* ; Hand ; Mitomycin* ; Rabbits*

No abstract available.