No abstract available.
Clonidine* ; Depression* ; Growth Hormone* ; Humans ; Panic Disorder* ; Panic*

No abstract available.
Patellar Dislocation*

A cases is reported of congenital atlanto-occipital fusion in a 12-years-old girl. The lesion was treated by occipito-cervical arthrodesis by iliac bone grafting with wiring. The congenital atlanto-occipital fusion has not progressed in this 2 years of observation. This is presented with a review of literature.
Arthrodesis ; Bone Transplantation ; Female ; Humans

The previous reports about Supracondylar-Condylar Fracture of the femur which extends to articular surfaces revealed poor results in general, regardless of the methods of treatment. But those results are thought to be much alleviated if they are treated according to the principles of ASIF. Fifteen cases of Supracondylar-condylar fractures of the femur from 13 patients were treated by open reduction and rigid internal fixation during last 3 years at Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Early mobilization of knee joint was permissible in most of the cases without loss of fixation or other complications during convalescence Subsequently, greatifying results were obtained as observed in varying period of follow up days.
Convalescence ; Early Ambulation ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Orthopedics

No abstract available.
Infectious Mononucleosis*

PURPOSE: Tumor-associated lymphocyte numbers in breast cancer have been suggested as a new independent predictor of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. We therefore evaluated the relationship between pathologic complete response (pCR) and tumor-associated lymphocytes in tumors of such patients. METHODS: Between 2000 and 2009, we retrospectively evaluated 175 patients with primary breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, followed by definitive surgical resection. Peritumoral lymphocytic infiltration (LI) and CD3+, CD8+, and forkhead box P3 (FOXP3)+ lymphocytes were assessed in pretreatment biopsy specimens. RESULTS: Nineteen (11%) patients achieved pCR. An elevated LI, CD3+, CD8+, or FOXP3+ lymphocytic infiltration; lower clinical T stage; human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 overexpression; and herceptin-based treatment were all significantly associated with pCR. Through a multivariate analysis, LI (odds ratio [OR], 1.26; p=0.024), clinical T stage (OR, 3.06; p=0.041), and the use of a herceptin-based regimen (OR, 4.95; p=0.004) were all significant independent predictors of pCR. Significantly higher numbers of tumor-associated lymphocytes and CD3+, CD8+, and FOXP3+ T-cells were observed in the following: high-grade tumors, tumors of positive nodal status, and tumors negative for hormone receptors. CONCLUSION: Tumor-associated lymphocytes are significantly associated with pCR, suggesting that tumor-associated lymphocytes may be an important pathological factor predicting a response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients.
Biopsy ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Count ; Lymphocytes ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Receptor, erbB-2 ; Retrospective Studies ; T-Lymphocytes

We examined several kinds of immunocompromied patients for onyr,homycosis. The incidence of onychomycosis in the patients with connective tissue disease treated with corticosteroid was significantly higher than the incidences in the patients with solid tumors trcated with chemotherapeutic agents, in the patients with leukernia (WBC<1, 000/cm3), and in the control patients. Although conventional corticosteroid trcatment do not disseminate the superficial fungal infection, it may perpetuate the low grade dermatophytosis.
Connective Tissue Diseases* ; Connective Tissue* ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Incidence ; Onychomycosis* ; Tinea

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorders that is characterized by complex behavioral phenotype and deficits in both social and cognitive functions and has been gradually increasing for the past 20 years. However, practically there are some difficulties in diagnosis and treatment due to a limited number of specialist and considerable cost. Emerging technology, especially socially assistive robotics (SAR), has expanded into the evaluation and intervention for children with ASD. SAR refers to a robot that provides assistance to the user in a social interaction setting. SAR becomes a tool that can teach or demonstrate socially desirable behaviors to help children who have trouble expressing themselves to others owing to their underdeveloped communication and social skills as a result of ASD. This paper reviews the use of SAR to assist in the therapy of children with ASD and the extent to which the robots were successful in helping the children in their social, emotional and communication deficits was investigated. The study investigates the different roles that these robots were observed to play with children with ASD by categorizing and the outcome of studies that have been conducted in Korea. Despite the fact that SAR research is still in its formative stages, if rigorous research plans are developed based on clinical usefulness and effectiveness, and if a clinician with specialized knowledge of ASD participates in or evaluates the results of the research, there is the possibility to create a new paradigm for the treatment of ASD.
Autistic Disorder* ; Child ; Autism Spectrum Disorder* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Korea ; Mental Health Services ; Phenotype ; Robotics* ; Specialization

No abstract available.
Humans*

BACKGROUND: Using c-fos expression one of the immediate early gene, as a marker of altered neuronal response, we investigated the effect of superior cervical ganglion block (SCGB) exhibiting the same effect of SGB of human on the activity of several brain regions which are considered as located on autonomic neural pathway and neuroendocrine axis in rat. METHOD: The 48 Sprague-Dawley strain rats were divided into 4 groups, as saline/stress (control) group, SCGB/stress (tested) group, saline group, SCGB group. Superior cervical ganglion block was conducted in the SCGB/stress group and SCGB group while saline/stress and saline group were sham operated. After then restraint stress was imposed on the animals of SCGB/stress group and saline/stress group. And 2 hour after injection (saline, SCGB group) or restraint stress (saline/stress, SCGB/stress group), c-fos protein (Fos) was localized by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: Much stronger Fos immunoreactivity was induced in the several brain region of control group rats compared to other three groups and the numbers of Fos positive cell count of tested group were significantly decreased in paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (p<0.01), A5 (p<0.01), raphe pallidus (p<0.05), nucleus tractus solitaius (p<0.01) compared to control group. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrate that superior cervical ganglion block attenuates stress induced neuronal activities of paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, A5, raphe pallidus, nucleus tractus solitarius.
Animals ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Brain* ; Cell Count ; Genes, vif ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neural Pathways ; Neurons ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Solitary Nucleus ; Superior Cervical Ganglion*