A ganglion is a benign cystic mass, commonly found around a joint or tendon sheath. It frequently occurs at the wrist, foot, ankle, and knee. Intratendinous ganglion has been rarely reported, and intratendinous ganglion of the long head of biceps brachii is extremely rare. According to our literature review, this is the third case of intratendinous ganglion of the long head of biceps brachii, and the first case of arthroscopic treatment. Therefore we report a case of an arthroscopic treatement for an intratendinous ganglion of the long head of biceps brachii.
Ankle ; Arthroscopy ; Foot ; Ganglion Cysts* ; Head* ; Joints ; Knee ; Shoulder ; Tendons ; Wrist

No abstract available.
Down Syndrome* ; Granulocyte Precursor Cells* ; Leukemia*

T cell activation is a critical event for initiation and regulation of immune responses and inhibitors of such signaling pathways are clinically useful for the treatment of patients received allogratt and autoimmune disease. In the course of screening soil microorganisms from the forest of Cheju island in Korea for new immunosuppressive agent, one of Streptomyces species (CK-95441) was found to produce a new immunosuppressant, tautomycetin which also had antifungal activity. Tautomycetin showed the inhibition of T cell proliferation in murine mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and T cell activation induced by concanavalin A. Tautomycetin also blocked the induction of IL-2 gene expression which was examined in Jurkat TAg cell line in which multiple NFAT-binding sites and minimal IL-2 promoter drive the production of B-galactosidase. Also, the level of inhibition in activation-induced IL-2 receptor expression by tautomycetin was greater than those by cyclosporin A measured by flow cytometry. But, Fas ligand-induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells was unaffected by tautomycetin which was measured by DNA fragmentation assay. These results suggested that tautomycetin will be able to be used as a potent immunosuppressive drug following organ transplantation.

No abstract available.
Dislocations* ; Tendons*

A ganglion is a benign cystic mass, commonly found around a joint or tendon sheath. It frequently occurs at the wrist, foot, ankle, and knee. Intratendinous ganglion has been rarely reported, and intratendinous ganglion of the long head of biceps brachii is extremely rare. According to our literature review, this is the third case of intratendinous ganglion of the long head of biceps brachii, and the first case of arthroscopic treatment. Therefore we report a case of an arthroscopic treatement for an intratendinous ganglion of the long head of biceps brachii.
Ankle ; Arthroscopy ; Foot ; Ganglion Cysts ; Head ; Joints ; Knee ; Shoulder ; Tendons ; Wrist

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the levels of relocation stress syndrome (RSS) and influencing the stress experienced by Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients just after transfer to general wards. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 257 patients who transferred from the intensive care unit. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires from May to October, 2009. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and stepwise multiple linear regression with SPSS/WIN 12.0. RESULTS: The mean score for RSS was 17.80+/-9.16. The factors predicting relocation stress syndrome were symptom experience, differences in scope and quality of care provided by ICU and ward nursing staffs, satisfaction with transfer process, length of stay in ICU and economic status, and these factors explained 40% of relocation stress syndrome (F=31.61, p<.001). CONCLUSION: By understanding the stress experienced by ICU patients, nurses are better able to provide psychological support and thus more holistic care to critically ill patients. Further research is needed to consider the impact of relocation stress syndrome on patients' health outcomes in the recovery trajectory.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Adult ; Aged ; Critical Illness/*psychology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; *Intensive Care Units ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Transfer ; Questionnaires ; Stress, Psychological/*etiology ; Syndrome

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to identify the relationships among age, activities of daily living and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for centenarians in Busan. METHODS: Forty-nine centenarians (2 males and 47 females) participated in the study, done from April to July, 2006. Pace-to-face interviews were used to collect data. Activities of daily living were measured using K-ADL, K-IADL and health-related quality of life, using the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). RESULTS: Over 50% of the centenarians reported independence for six-items but not for bathing. With regard to type of dependency, 77.6% were independent in transferring, 71.4%, in using the toilet, 67.3%, in feeding and in continence and 57.1% in dressing but just 24.5% were independent in bathing. Age was significantly associated with K-IADL (r= -.303, p= .03). The centenarians were more impaired in physical health components compared to mental health components for health-related quality of life. CONCLUSION: These results may contribute to a better understanding of activities of daily living and health-related quality of life of centenarians. The findings are relevant to health professionals, in particular professionals who are developing wellness programs to optimize health-related quality of life and functional status for the extremely old age population.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bandages ; Baths ; Dependency (Psychology) ; Health Occupations ; Health Promotion ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Health ; Quality of Life

The systematic study of products from bacteria and fungi has led to the development of two immunosuppressive drugs, cyclosporin A and FK 506 (tacrolimus) which are useful to suppress adaptive immune responses to the grafted tissue. However, they affect all immune responses indiscriminately and are both toxic to kidneys and other organs. To facilitate the development of immunosuppressor to block the T cell receptor (TcR)-mediated signaling cascade specifically, a novel Jurkat T cell transfectants, JK NFAT-SEAP were generated in which the expression of the secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) is driven by the multiple NFAT binding sites plus minimal IL-2 promoter. Upon stimulation with ionomycin or anti-TcR mAb OKT3 in the presence of PMA, these transfectants secreted high level of SEAP into the medium, which was conveniently analyzed by SEAP analysis. The secretion of SEAP was effectively inhibited by cyclosporin A or FK 506 at the concentration of [10 ' ug/ml], [10 ug/ml] respectively. JK NFAT-SEAP transfectants will provide two major advantages for the development of a novel immunosuppressor. First, analysis of SEAP secreted into the culture medium by SEAP analysis enables us to test a large number of samples within a short period of time. Second, Usage of IL-2 promoter for the expression of SEAP makes us identify bioproducts to target specifically on TcR-mediated signaling pathway.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Bacteria ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line* ; Cyclosporine ; Fungi ; Interleukin-2 ; Ionomycin ; Kidney ; Mass Screening* ; Muromonab-CD3 ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ; T-Lymphocytes* ; Tacrolimus ; Transplants

PURPOSE: In breast cancer patients, information of the axillary nodal status is essential for staging, determining the necessity of systemic therapy, and predicting the prognosis. The necessity of an axillary lymph node dissection in small breast cancers is controversial. The aim of this study is to identify the factors associated with axillary lymph node metastases and to determine the necessity of axillary lymph node dissections in T1 invasive ductal carcinomas of the breast. METHODS: From the June 1991 to the March 2004, of a total 919 cases who underwent surgery for breast cancer in Korea University Hospital, 230 cases of T1 invasive ductal carcinomas were reviewed retrospectively. All subjects were classified as T1a, T1b, or T1c. The rate of axillary lymph node metastasis was calculated for each group and the factors that have a statistically significant correlations with axillary lymph nodes metastases were investigated. RESULTS: Of the 230 cases of T1 invasive ductal carcinomas, 22 cases were T1a, 27 cases were T1b, and 181 cases were T1c. Axillary lymph node metastases were encountered in 4 T1a case (18%), 5 T1b cases (18.5%), and 67 T1c cases (30.3%). The overall rate of axillary lymph node metastases rate in T1 was 33% (76/230). The T stage had a statistically significant correlation (p=0.043) with the axillary lymph node metastases. Lymphovascular invasion of the tumor had a significant correlations with an axillary lymph node metastases (p=0.032). The MIB-1 labeling index was increased according to the tumor size, and correlated with the presence of an axillary lymph node metastasis (p=0.032, p=0.18). However age, hormone receptors, p53, HER2/neu , and nm23 were not associated with an axillary lymphnodes metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: The tumor size and the lymphovascular invasion could be significantly prognostic factors suggesting an axillary lymph node metastasis in T1 invasive ductal carcinomas. The MIB-1 immunostain was higher in the T1c cases. Therefore, a combination of the tumor size and MIB-1 immunostain would be an indicator for an axillary lymph node dissection. A sentinel lymph node biopsy may be of more benefit in T1a invasive ductal carcinomas of the breast.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal* ; Humans ; Korea ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

PURPOSE: In breast cancer patients, information of the axillary nodal status is essential for staging, determining the necessity of systemic therapy, and predicting the prognosis. The necessity of an axillary lymph node dissection in small breast cancers is controversial. The aim of this study is to identify the factors associated with axillary lymph node metastases and to determine the necessity of axillary lymph node dissections in T1 invasive ductal carcinomas of the breast. METHODS: From the June 1991 to the March 2004, of a total 919 cases who underwent surgery for breast cancer in Korea University Hospital, 230 cases of T1 invasive ductal carcinomas were reviewed retrospectively. All subjects were classified as T1a, T1b, or T1c. The rate of axillary lymph node metastasis was calculated for each group and the factors that have a statistically significant correlations with axillary lymph nodes metastases were investigated. RESULTS: Of the 230 cases of T1 invasive ductal carcinomas, 22 cases were T1a, 27 cases were T1b, and 181 cases were T1c. Axillary lymph node metastases were encountered in 4 T1a case (18%), 5 T1b cases (18.5%), and 67 T1c cases (30.3%). The overall rate of axillary lymph node metastases rate in T1 was 33% (76/230). The T stage had a statistically significant correlation (p=0.043) with the axillary lymph node metastases. Lymphovascular invasion of the tumor had a significant correlations with an axillary lymph node metastases (p=0.032). The MIB-1 labeling index was increased according to the tumor size, and correlated with the presence of an axillary lymph node metastasis (p=0.032, p=0.18). However age, hormone receptors, p53, HER2/neu , and nm23 were not associated with an axillary lymphnodes metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: The tumor size and the lymphovascular invasion could be significantly prognostic factors suggesting an axillary lymph node metastasis in T1 invasive ductal carcinomas. The MIB-1 immunostain was higher in the T1c cases. Therefore, a combination of the tumor size and MIB-1 immunostain would be an indicator for an axillary lymph node dissection. A sentinel lymph node biopsy may be of more benefit in T1a invasive ductal carcinomas of the breast.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal* ; Humans ; Korea ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy