PURPOSE: Problem-based learning (PBL) is now extensively utilized within contemporary nursing education. This study was done to explore the nursing students' experiences with facilitators in PBL classes as they transitioned from the first package to the fourth package during the entire sophomore year. METHODS: Twelve nursing students who had taken the course were interviewed after PBL classes. Data were analyzed using dimensional and comparative analysis based on Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory. RESULTS: Findings were organized into phases of participants' experiences with facilitators during PBL classes. They faced interpersonal relationship challenges with facilitators as they moved through the three phases of the continuum: feeling uneasy, overcoming the uneasiness, and valuing the help of the facilitator. In the beginning, uneasiness resulted from proximity to the facilitator. However, seven strategies were derived to respond to the uneasiness during the continuum: (a) searching for information about the facilitator, (b) making efforts to build a positive impression with the facilitator, (c) wanting facilitation, (d) weighing own experiences with facilitator against others' experiences, (e) following facilitator's guidance, (f) reflecting on facilitation experience, and (g) retaining facilitator's remarks. CONCLUSION: Participants overcame the uneasiness and accepted the facilitator as an advisor. These results are significant in providing optimal facilitation for students in PBL classes because they are based on the PBL participants' perspectives of facilitation. Further studies related to facilitators' experiences in the PBL are recommended.
Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Nursing* ; Problem-Based Learning* ; Students, Nursing

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of foot reflexology on nausea, vomiting and fatigue in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. METHOD: The research was a quasi-experimental study using a non-equivalent pre-post design and was conducted from Jan. 26, to Mar. 20, 2004. The subjects consisted of 34 patients with 18 in the experimental group and 16 in control group. A pretest and 2 posttests were conducted to measure nausea, vomiting and fatigue. For the experimental group, foot reflexology, which was consisted of 4 phases for 40 minutes, was given by a researcher and 4 research assistants. The collected data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA using the SPSS WIN 10.0 program. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant decrease in nausea, and vomiting in the experimental group compared to the control group over two different times. In addition, there was a statistically significant decrease in fatigue in the experimental group compared to the control group over two different times. CONCLUSION: Foot reflexology was effective on nausea, vomiting and fatigue in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in this study. Therefore, foot reflexology can be usefully utilized as a nursing intervention in the field of cancer nursing for breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.
Vomiting/chemically induced/*prevention & control ; Nausea/chemically induced/*prevention & control ; Middle Aged ; *Massage ; Humans ; *Foot ; Female ; Fatigue/chemically induced/*prevention & control ; Breast Neoplasms/*drug therapy/nursing ; Antineoplastic Agents/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Adult

This study purports to review traditional health concepts of Korea by age, and to compare them to health concepts defined in western societies. Furthermore the study offers these results as the basis of construction for Korean nursing theory. Literature for the review were traditional health books published in Korea. These books are Euibangyoochui, Hyangyakjibsungbang, Dongeuibogam, Eiyangpyun, Dongeuisoosebowon, & Hwangjaenaekyung. In addition, articles that studied traditional literature or Korean medical history were reviewed when no publication of a primary source was available. In ancient Korean society, health was viewed as a 'good relationship or harmony with a supernatural subject', 'harmony of earth, water, fire, and air', and a 'long life with no illness'. The treatment aspect of medicine was emphasized in the middle-aged society. The health concepts in the pre-modern society included such concepts as 'jeongkhibojeon', 'adjustment to the nature', 'harmony between yang and yin', 'strengthening of jeongkhishin', 'circulation of owoonyookchi', 'kyungjok mind-body state' and 'jeongshimjeonghang'. Major health concepts in western literature were 'adaptation', 'role performance', 'actualization of human potential', 'adaptation and actualization of potential', and 'comfort'. Traditional health concepts of Korea focus on principles. They deliver abstract meanings, which make their measures uneasy. They believe in holism and unity with nature and especially emphasize the mental aspect. On the other hand, health concepts of western societies focus on phenomena. Their meanings are somewhat concrete, which make their measurements relatively easy. They see a person adapts positively to the environment as an independent being from the environment. These concepts have biopsychosocial aspects with no partial emphasis in the mental aspects. These traditional concepts of health were classified into two main perspectives. One is the unity of heaven & man, and the other is the unity of mind and body. The former perspective is based on the main concept of Chi. The latter has the main concept of ruling of the mind. The two main concepts discussed above need further examination for development of a nursing theory for Korean society. The application of circulation of Chi needs balance and harmony, and the application of ruling of mind needs temperance.
Fires ; Hand ; Humans ; Korea* ; Nursing Theory ; Publications ; Temperance

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to describe the health behavior experience of middle-aged Korean women in rural areas, and to help understand their health practice, perceive their nursing needs and provide guidelines to developing appropriate nursing interventions. METHOD: The participants were 18 healthy middle-aged women living in rural areas, with no serious illness that require hospitalization. The data was collected through interviews and participant observation, analyzed by the grounded theory methodology of Strauss and Corbin(1997). The data collection period was from April to November of 2001. RESULT: Depending on the paradigm model, the central phenomenon was family-oriented pursuing of yangsaeng. The causal condition was less confidence on one's own health, responsibilities in caring for family. The contexts were cultural system. The intervening condition was information system, support system, limitation of approaching a medical institution. The action/ interaction strategies were yangsaeng through dietary practice, yangsaeng through promoting clothing and housing, yangsaeng through exercise, practice of folk therapy, yangsaeng through mental hygiene, and use of medical institution. The consequences were stabilization of body and mind, and stabilization of family. CONCLUSION: It is recommended for nurses to understand health behavior experience of middle-aged women, and provide nursing intervention with theoretical scheme and practical principles so that these women can pursue the family-oriented process of yangsaeng.
Clothing ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Female ; Health Behavior* ; Hospitalization ; Housing ; Humans ; Information Systems ; Mental Health ; Nursing

PURPOSE: this study was to examine the differences of the level of pain, depression and self-efficacy according to the classifications of pain among chronic pain patients. METHOD: The data were collected by means of self-reported questionnaire from 164 patients with chronic pain visited in one university hospital and one local pain clinic in Busan, from October 7 to November 16, 2002. Analysis was done by ANOVA, and Scheffe test using SPSS program. RESULT: The subjects were divided into five classifications of chronic pain : 26.2% low back and extremity pain, 23.2% neck, shoulder and upper extremity pain, 19.5% postherpetic neuralgia, 15.9% complex regional pain syndrome and 15.2% peripheral neuralgia. There were significant differences in pain (p=.000), depression (p=.000) and self-efficacy (p=.003) according to the 5 kinds of chronic pain. With the results of the Scheffe test, the patients with peripheral neuralgia experienced pain and depression higher than those with the other kinds of chronic pain. The patients with neck, shoulder and upper extremity pain experienced self-efficacy higher than those with peripheral neuralgia. CONCLUSION: Chronic pain patients should be provided effective individualized intervention depending on the classifications of chronic pain. Therefore the development of interventions for pain management according to the classifications of pain in chronic pain patients is needed.
Busan ; Chronic Pain* ; Classification* ; Depression* ; Extremities ; Humans ; Neck ; Neuralgia ; Neuralgia, Postherpetic ; Pain Clinics ; Pain Management ; Shoulder ; Upper Extremity ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: Patients with chronic hepatitis B need lifelong health care because of progressive liver damage. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with self-management compliance among patients with chronic hepatitis B. METHODS: The research was a cross-sectional, descriptive design using questionnaires. The participants were 118 patients with chronic hepatitis B from outpatient department in a tertiary hospital. Their ages ranged from 20 to 64. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression with PASW statistics 19.0 program. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in self management compliance by gender, age, job, alcohol consumption, and smoking. A positive correlation existed between self-management compliance, awareness of the importance of management, and self efficacy. Stepwise multiple regression analysis for self-management compliance revealed that the most powerful predictor was self efficacy. Self efficacy, age, and alcohol consumption explained 37.5% of the variance. CONCLUSION: The results indicate a need to promote self-management compliance with these participants. The findings also suggest that consideration be given to characteristics of age and alcohol consumption in developing strategies for enhancing self efficacy and developing programs to promote self-management for patients with chronic hepatitis B.
Alcohol Drinking ; Compliance ; Delivery of Health Care ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; Humans ; Liver ; Outpatients ; Patient Compliance ; Questionnaires ; Self Care ; Self Efficacy ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tertiary Care Centers

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of the education program to promote self care for elderly patients with percutaneous coronary intervention. METHOD: The research was a quasi-experimental study using a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. The participants was 56 patients, 28 in the experimental group and 28 in the control group. A pretest and a posttest were conducted to measure main variables. The self care education program, consisting of flash animation, leaflet and telephone counseling, was given for the experimental group. Data were analyzed using chi2, Fisher's exact test, and independent t-test with SAS statistics program. RESULTS: There were statistically significant increase in knowledge and self care behavior, and decrease in anxiety by difference between a pretest and a posttest in the experimental group compared to that in the control group. CONCLUSION: The result of this study indicate that the self care education program is effective in increasing knowledge and self care behavior, and in decreasing anxiety for elderly patients with percutaneous coronary intervention. Therefore, it can be usefully utilized in the field of nursing for elderly patients with percutaneous coronary intervention.
Aged* ; Anxiety ; Counseling ; Education* ; Humans ; Nursing ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention* ; Program Development ; Program Evaluation ; Self Care* ; Telephone

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors that have influence on a health examination among the middle aged living in Busan. METHOD: The survey was conducted with 235 participants who were the parents of students of five nursing schools in Busan, living in Busan, and subjects to a health examination under the National Health Insurance Corporation. The data was collected from September to November 2004 using a structured self-administered questionnaire that contained general characteristics, characteristics related to a health examination, and health belief variables. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 10.0. RESULTS: Among the subjects, 122(51.9%) had performed a health examination in the past, and 113(48.1%) had not. Variables that have a significant influence on getting a health examination were: previous disease experience, perceived barrier and perceived seriousness. Those who did not have previous disease experience(2.6 times) and whose perceived seriousness was high(1.1 times) were more likely to have a health examination, and those with perceived barrier high(0.9 times) were less likely. CONCLUSION: Therefore, to increase the rate of health examinations, it is necessary to advertise the importance of health examinations particularly for the people who had disease experience and the seriousness of target diseases; and furthermore, to remove barriers of a health examination.
Busan* ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Middle Aged* ; National Health Programs ; Parents ; Schools, Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the factors influencing quality of life of middle-aged women in rural area, to provide the basic data for health promoting intervention in order to improve quality of life. METHOD: The subjects were 469 middle-aged women by 40-64 from 7 rural areas in Gyeonggi-do, Jeolla-do and Gyeongsang-do. Data collection was conducted by using 6 questionnaires. RESULT: There were significant differences in the quality of life by age, educational level, marital status, religion, family pattern, and economic level. There were positive relationships between quality of life and health perception, social support, and negative relationships between quality of life and depression and stress. Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis for quality of life revealed that the most powerful predictor was depression. Depression, health perception, social support, stress and economic level explained 51.5% of the variance. CONCLUSION: Depression, health perception, social support, stress and economic level were related with quality of life of middle-aged women in rural area. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the nursing intervention these psycho-social aspects to increase the quality of life.
Data Collection ; Depression ; Female ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Marital Status ; Methods ; Nursing ; Quality of Life* ; Rural Health ; Social Perception

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to understand the meanings and nature of ICU admission experienced among patients with critical illness. The present study adopted a hermeneutic phenomenological method which was developed by van Manen. METHODS: The participants for this study were 6 men and 3 women, who were over the age of 20 with ICU admission period more than 3 days. Data were collected by using in-depth interviews and observations from March, 2007 to September, 2007. The contents of the interviews were tape-recorded with the consent of the subject. RESULTS: The essential themes that fit into the context of the 4 existential grounds of body, time, space and other people were as follows: a body that cannot react the way it wants, a wave of fear and insecurity everywhere, a struggle to survive, coming out from death's door, loss of time path, a long and continued waiting until escaping, more of machinery room than a patient's room, existence of life and death, an abyss of suffering seen thru another patient, taken care of by a doctor, trust and distrust, family, the ultimate safe zone. CONCLUSION: Critically ill patients in ICU experienced feelings of discomfort, unsafety, and insecurity. The result of this study can give nurses some insight into these experiences and help promote empathetic care.
Critical Illness ; Female ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Male ; Qualitative Research ; Stress, Psychological ; United Nations