A patient (Hellman dental age IIIA) who had anterior cross bite due to functional factor was treated with activator. Following results were obtained: 1) Anterior cross bite was crorrected 3 months after the initial application of the appliance. 2) Comparing pretreatment records with posttreatment, the main effects were labioversion of upper incisors, increase of upper arch length and downward-backward rotation of the mandible. 3) There was no damage on teeth and periodontal tissues and the patient had normal occlusion 1 year after the treatment.
Humans ; Incisor ; Malocclusion ; Mandible ; Prognathism* ; Tooth

Teratomas of the central nervous system are rare and are frequently found in children and young adults. Cystic teratomas found in infancy is a well-recognized but infrequent entity. Intracranial teratomas,like teratomas in general, tend to arise from midline structures such as the pineal gland, but has rarely been found in the third ventricle. We report a rare case of a 6-month-old infant with a mature cystic teratoma of the third ventricle with a review of literatures
Central Nervous System ; Child ; Humans ; Infant ; Pineal Gland ; Teratoma* ; Third Ventricle* ; Young Adult

Teratomas of the central nervous system are rare and are frequently found in children and young adults. Cystic teratomas found in infancy is a well-recognized but infrequent entity. Intracranial teratomas,like teratomas in general, tend to arise from midline structures such as the pineal gland, but has rarely been found in the third ventricle. We report a rare case of a 6-month-old infant with a mature cystic teratoma of the third ventricle with a review of literatures
Central Nervous System ; Child ; Humans ; Infant ; Pineal Gland ; Teratoma* ; Third Ventricle* ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: To evaluate the relationship between the location and size of pituitary adenoma and visual field change. METHODS: Fifty-two patients were diagnosed with pituitary adenoma and underwent tumor resection at the Department of Neurosurgery in our hospital between July 1999 and July 2004. Among them, we retrospectively studied that location and size of pituitary adenoma as related to visual field changes in 29 patients who had credible perimetry results and no other ophthalmologic problems that caused visual field changes. We obtained the information about the size and location of pituitary adenoma using MRI, and performed ophthalmologic examination such as perimetry and fundus examination. RESULTS: There were no visual field changes in 18 patients. The visual field changes observed were as follows; bitemporal hemianopsia in 4 patients who had inferior involvement of optic chiasm; scotoma in one eye and temporal hemianopsia in the other eye in 2 patients who had lateral and inferior involvement; bitemporal superior quadranopsia in 2 patients who had anterior and inferior involvement; and 3 patients showed visual field changes, but they had no optic nerve involvement of pituitary adenoma. The size of adenoma was not exactly related to visual field changes. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that visual field changes can be influenced by the location and size of pituitary adenoma.
Adenoma ; Hemianopsia ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurosurgery ; Optic Chiasm ; Optic Nerve ; Pituitary Neoplasms* ; Retrospective Studies ; Scotoma ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields*

Cerebral vasospasm leading to delayed ischemic neurological deficits (DINDs) is one of the most serious complications after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). There are many evidence, against which demonstrate the role of angiographically confirmed vasospasm as the sole cause of DINDs. The authors review literatures that support a potential role of thromboembolism as a possible cause of DINDs after aneurysmal SAH. Although there is some controversy regarding the relation between the cerebral vasospasm in large arteries and cerebral ischemia, vasospasm still remains one of the primary causes of DINDs. In addition, thromboembolism intensifies or supplements the effects of vasospasm as a possible alternative.
Aneurysm* ; Arteries ; Brain Ischemia ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage* ; Thromboembolism* ; Vasospasm, Intracranial

The authors describe a case of intracranial epidermoid cyst with fourth ventricle involvement. A 43-year-old woman presented with progressive aggravating headache and cerebellar syndrome due to a large tumor in the fourth ventricle, that extended into the left side of foramen of Luschka. The histopathological workup following gross total removal of tumor had revealed the typical features of an epidermoid cyst. Four months after surgery, the cerebellar sings recovered to normal with a remarkable improvement of headache. Epidermoid cysts involving the fourth ventricle have been known to be one of the most rare diseases in the central nervous system. This rare case is discussed and a review of the relevant literature is presented.
Adult ; Central Nervous System ; Cerebellar Diseases ; Epidermal Cyst* ; Female ; Fourth Ventricle* ; Headache ; Humans ; Rare Diseases

Hemorrhagic metastatic brain tumors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are rare and have been mostly presented as intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). A 51-year-old male patient presented with sudden altered level of consciousness. He suffered from HCC since 2010 and transarterial chemoembolization was performed three times for HCC. The brain computed tomography (CT) scans revealed subdural hematoma (SDH) in the right fronto-temporal area and 6.0x3.5 cm sized ICH in the right parieto-occipital lobe. Brain angiographic CT scans demonstrated that the hemorrhagic lesions did not include any enhancing lesions and vascular abnormalities. We undertook a decompressive craniectomy and evacuation of the acute SDH and ICH. During evacuation of ICH, the yellowish mass was observed in the cortical surface of the right occipital lobe. Pathological examination displayed the findings of metastatic brain tumor from HCC. Metastatic brain tumors should be considered in the differential diagnosis as a cause of spontaneous SDH with ICH.
Brain Neoplasms ; Brain* ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Cerebral Hemorrhage* ; Consciousness Disorders ; Decompressive Craniectomy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Hematoma, Subdural* ; Humans ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Occipital Lobe ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Low Back Pain* ; Sciatica*

Meningioma is a common primary tumor of central nervous system. However, extracranial extension of the intracranial meningioma is unusual, and mostly accompanied the osteolytic change of the skull. We herein describe an atypical meningioma having extracranial extension with hyperostotic change of the skull. The patient was a 72-year-old woman who presented a large mass in the right frontal scalp and left hemiparesis. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scans revealed an intracranial mass, diffuse meningeal thickening, hyperostotic change of the skull with focal extension into the right frontal scalp. She underwent total removal of extracranial tumor, bifrontal craniectomy, and partial removal of intracranial tumor followed by cranioplasty. Tumor pathology was confirmed as atypical meningioma, and she received adjuvant radiotherapy. In this report, we present and discuss a meningioma en plaque of atypical histopathology having an extracranial extension with diffuse intracranial growth and hyperostotic change of the skull.
Aged ; Brain ; Central Nervous System ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Meningioma* ; Osteoblasts* ; Paresis ; Pathology ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Scalp ; Skull*

OBJECTIVE: Placement of a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is a common neurosurgical procedure for cerebrospinal fluid diversion. A rare complication is delayed intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) secondary to VP shunting, and only a few patients with this complication have been reported. We investigate the incidence and risk factors of delayed ICH development following VP shunt placement. METHODS: Over an 11-year period, 167 patients received a VP shunt for hydrocephalus, and of these, 138 patients were eligible for this study. All medical records and computed tomography scans obtained within 48 h after the operation and at postoperative day 7 were reviewed. The risk factors of developing delayed ICH (≥48 hr after VP shunt placement) were analyzed according to the demographic data, including sex and age, original intracranial lesions, co-morbid diseases, and laboratory findings. RESULTS: Delayed ICH following VP shunt placement developed in 34 (24.6%) of the 138 patients. Risk factors for developing delayed ICH were age (p=0.037) and the partial thromboplastin time (PTT) (p=0.032). Intraventricular hemorrhage after VP shunting was the most common complication, occurring in 16 cases. Hemorrhagic volume was < 1 mL in 28 cases and >1 mL in 6 cases. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that old age and delayed PTT are major risk factors for developing delayed ICH following VP shunting. Additionally, delayed ICH after VP shunting commonly occurs even when most patients are asymptomatic. Therefore, extra care should be taken to observe and follow-up with patients who have undergone VP shunt placement.
Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Incidence ; Intracranial Hemorrhages* ; Medical Records ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Risk Factors* ; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt*