No abstract available.
Cardiac Output* ; Ductus Arteriosus* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

No abstract available.
Blood Flow Velocity* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

PURPOSE: Foreign body aspiration in the tracheobronchial tree is a common medical emergency in children and represents an important cause of morbidity and mortality. This study was aimed to analyze the clinical spectrum of tracheobronchial foreign bodies in children and to evaluate the causes of late diagnoses. METHODS: A total of 108 patients with foreign body aspiration were recruited in the last 10 years, who had a flexible or rigid bronchoscopic examination. The age, sex, symptoms, causes of aspiration, radiologic findings, and clinical courses were investigated retrospectively. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the elapsed time from aspiration to a definite diagnosis as early (< or =24 hours after aspiration) and late diagnoses (>24 hours after aspiration). The two groups were compared for clinical courses, radiologic findings, and the duration of admission of early- and late-diagnosed foreign body aspiration. RESULTS: Approximately 80% of the patients were less than 24 months of age and the most common symptoms were the sudden onset of a cough. Hyperinflation or obstructive emphysema (52.8%) and normal chest radiographs (19.4%) were the most frequent radiologic findings. Plain chest radiographies revealed visible foreign bodies in 7.4% of all patients with foreign body aspiration. Nuts were the most common foreign bodies aspirated. Sudden onset of a persistent cough and fever were predominant in the late-diagnosed group.(P<0.05) CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that clinical suspicion upon interviewing is enough to indicate bronchoscopy. The best way to reduce the number of accidents and deaths associated with foreign body aspiration is to promote public prevention polices.
Bronchoscopy ; Child ; Cough ; Delayed Diagnosis ; Diagnosis* ; Emergencies ; Emphysema ; Fever ; Foreign Bodies* ; Humans ; Mortality ; Nuts ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Retrospective Studies ; Thorax

Behcet's disease is a multisystematic inflammatory disorder affecting eyes. Visual loss is the most serious effect of Behcet's disease with posterior segment involvement.Because of the disorder's devastating visual consequences, its treatment has received considerable attention.Since the treatment of Behcet's disease has often been unsatisfactory, many different types of treatment have been attempted. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 28 patients with severe ocular Behcet's disease involving posterior segment.The patients with posterior segment involvement were initially treated with triple regimen (corticosteroid, colchicines, and azathioprine).If intraocular inflammation does not resolve or the inflammatory process recurs, combination with low doses of cyclosporine should be considered (quadruple therapy).Over the course of therapy, visual acuity improved in 25 of 51 eyes (49.01%), remained stable in 14 of 51 eyes (27.45%), and declined in 12 of 51 eyes (23.52%).It improved or maintained the visual acuity in 39 of 51 eyes.There were no serious side effects attributable to triple or quadruple therapy that required withdrawal. The use of corticosteroids, colchicines, azathioprine, and cyclosporine may improve therapeutic efficacy and limit the adverse drug effects, and this combination method appears to be an effective treatment for the ocular complications of Behcet's disease.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Azathioprine ; Cyclosporine ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity

7 Korean dogs were anesthetized with oxygen and isoflurane in different concentrations (1 vo1.%, 2 vo1.%, 3 vo1.%). Cardiovascular effects of isoflurane in different concentrations were investigated. The results were as follow: 1) Heart rate was decreased significantly (p<0.05) following increase of isoflurane concentrations. 2) Mean arterial blood pressure was decreased significantly (p<0.05) following increase of isoflur- ane concentrations. 3) Cardiac index was decreased significantly (p<0.05) following increase of isoflurane concentra- tions. 4) Left ventricular stroke work index was decreased significantly (p<0.05) following increase of isoflurane concentrations. 5) Pumonary artery pressure and pumonary artery wedge pressure were decreased significantly (p<0.05) following increase of isoflurane, but there were no significant changes in central venous pressure, systemic vascular resistance and pulmonary vascular resistance.
Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Arteries ; Central Venous Pressure ; Dogs* ; Heart Rate ; Isoflurane* ; Oxygen ; Pulmonary Wedge Pressure ; Stroke ; Vascular Resistance

Background: The risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission during the endemic phase may vary from that during the previous pandemic phase. We evaluated the risk of infection in a general population with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a community setting in Korea. Materials and Methods: This study included 1,286 individuals who had been in contact with an index COVID-19 case between January 24, 2020, and June 30, 2022. Variables such as age, sex, nationality, place of contact, level of contact, the status of exposed cases, period, and level of mask-wearing were assessed. Results: Among 1,286 participants, 132 (10.30%) were confirmed to have COVID-19. With increasing age, the risk of the exposed persons contracting COVID-19 from index cases tended to increase (P <0.001), especially for people in their 70s (odds ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.11–1.40; P <0.001). We found an increasing trend in the risk of a COVID-19 exposed case becoming a secondary infection case (P <0.001) in long-term care facilities where the attack rate was high. Conclusion The risk of COVID-19 transmission is high in long-term care facilities where many older adults reside. Intensive management of facilities at risk of infection and strict mask-wearing of confirmed COVID-19 cases are necessary to prevent the risk of COVID-19 infection.

Satoyoshi syndrome(generalized Komuragaeri disease) is a rare disorder of unknown cause, characterized by progressive, painful, intermittent muscle spasms and alopecia. Endocrinopathy with amenorrhea, secondary skeletal abnormalities, and diarrhea or unusual malabsorption are frequently seen. It seems that autoimmunity may play a role in its pathogenesis. We report a 13-year-old girl with characteristic manifestations of the syndrome. She was treated with intravenous gammaglobulin and Prednisolone. Painful muscle cramps were gradually improved, but the scalp condition did not change. Satoyoshi syndrome should be considered in children with unexplained muscle spasms and alopecia.
Adolescent ; Alopecia* ; Amenorrhea ; Autoimmunity ; Child ; Diarrhea ; Female ; Humans ; Muscle Cramp ; Prednisolone ; Scalp ; Spasm*

Conjoined twinning is a rare congenital malformation, accounting for 1% monozygotic twins. Conjoined twins result if twining is initiated after the embryonic disc and rudimentary amniotic sac have been formed and if division of the embryonic disc is incomplete. Recently we experienced a case of conjoined twins, dicephalus dipus dibrachius, who had died at 3 hours of life, and performed autopsy. Autopsy revealed a total duplication of the heads, spines up to sacrum, small bowels, thymus and lungs. Two hearts existed within a common pericardium.
Autopsy ; Head ; Heart ; Humans ; Lung ; Pericardium ; Sacrum ; Spine ; Thymus Gland ; Twins, Conjoined* ; Twins, Monozygotic

No abstract available.
Hand* ; Hyperpigmentation* ; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency* ; Vitamin B 12* ; Vitamins*

The genetically determined CYP2D6 activity is considered to be associated with cancer susceptibility with inter-individual variation. Genetic polymorphism of CYP2D6(B) and CYP2D6(T) was determined by the two polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and BstN1 and EcoN1 restriction fragment length polymorphisms(RFLP) for 67 lung cancer cases and 95 healthy volunteer controls. The cases were composed of 26 squamous cell carcinoma, 14 small cell carcinoma, 10 adenocarcinoma, 3 large cell undifferentiated carcinoma, and 14 not histologically diagnosed. The results were gained from the 142 subjects (57 cases and 85 controls) who observed successfully in two PCR and BstN1/EcoN1 RFLP. Only one and no mutant allele of the CYP2D6(B) and CYP2D6(T) gene was detected, that is, the frequency of mutant allele was very low; 0.7%(1/142) and 0%(0/142), respectively. Detected mutant allele of the CYP2D6(B) was heterozygous type(WM). The odds ratios for lung cancer susceptibility with CYP2D6(B) and CYP2D6(T) genotype were not calculated. These results are similar to the previous understanding that the mutant allele is very rare in Orientals compared to Caucasians, therefore, it considered that CYP2D6(B) and CYP2D6(T) genotypes have maybe no association with lung cancer susceptibility in Koreans. This is the basic data of CYP2D6(B) and CYP2D6(T) genotypes for Koreans. It would be hepful for further study to determine lung cancer susceptibility of Koreans with the data about CYP1A1, CYP2E1, GSTM1 from future study.
Adenocarcinoma ; Alleles ; Carcinoma ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 ; Genotype ; Healthy Volunteers ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Odds Ratio ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length