To stydy the parameters of preload, afterload, and contractility of the heart, we evaluated 10 mitral stenosis, 5 mitral stenoinsufficiency, and 5 mitral stenosis with aortic insufficiency by measuring the external energy potential, external mechaical work, and external energy potential to PVa(Pressure-volume Area) ratio with non-invasive method, echocardiography and carotid pulse tracting. The results are summarized as follows; 1) External energy potential of mitral stenosis was significantly higher than that of MSI or MS with AI. 2) External mechanical work of MSI or MS with AI was significantly higher than that of Ms. 3) External energy potential to PVA ratio was signifiantly higher in the MS, but there was no significantly difference between the MSI and MS with AI. According to the above results, external energy potential to PVA ratio with echocardiogram and carotid pulse tracting was good parameters of preload, afterload, and contractility. And this method may used bed-side monitoring in the clinical area.
Echocardiography ; Heart ; Heart Valve Diseases* ; Mitral Valve Stenosis

Real-time ultrasongraphy is a simple, accurate, noninvasive and potentially valuable means of studying gallbladder size and emptying. The authors calculated ultrasonographically the ejection fraction of 80 cases of normally functioning gallbladder on oral cholecystography, from June 1983 to April 1984, at the department of radiology, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital. The results were obtained as follows; 1. Ultrasongraphic Ejection Fraction at 30 minutes after the fatty meal was 73.1+-16.85. 2. There was no significant difference in age and sex, statistically.
Cholecystography ; Gallbladder ; Heart ; Meals

The significance of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) in the stability of the knee and the necessity for surgical repair of its tears are still controversial. The purpose of this study is to present the short term results of surgical repair and Kennedy LAD augmentation for 15 cases with PCL injury. In 14 patients (15 knees), the torn PCL was repaired with pullout suture technique and Kennedy LAD augmentation was done from june 1993 to june 1994. The follow-up period ranged from 12 months to 25 months (average, 18months). The main causes of injuries were traffic accidents in 12. Thirteen of the patients were men and one was a woman, ranging in age from 17 to 52 years(average, 35 years). 10 knees were acute injury and repaired at average 9 days after injury. There were 11 cases that had combined injuries(4 ACL injuries, 4 meniscus injuries, 3 MCL injuries etc). In eight knees, the tear was in mid substance area and in five it was near femoral attach site and in two it was near tibial attach site. Postoperative results were evaluated by roentgenographic evaluation of posterior sagging and Lysholm knee score. 11 knee were stable but 4 knees were unstable posteriorly during postoperative follow-up period. 3 chronic injuried knees were included in 4 posteriorly unstable knees. There are 7 combined knee injuries in 11 stable knees and no combined injuries in unstable knees and average Lysholm knee score was 89.7 in stable knees and 90 in unstable knees and there was no significant difference between two groups. On the based of this study, surgical repair with pollout suture technique and augmentation with Kennedy LAD in acute PCL injury is a one of the good method for preventing posterior sagging but more longer follow-up period and more cases must be needed to accept this method.
Accidents, Traffic ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee ; Knee Injuries ; Lysholm Knee Score ; Male ; Methods ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; Suture Techniques ; Tears

No abstract available.
Cryptorchidism* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Male

No abstract available.
Nortriptyline* ; Pharmacokinetics*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Child* ; Graves Disease* ; Humans

BACKGROUND: Cyclosporin A (CsA), a potent immunosuppressant, has been reported to be effective in the treatment of severe atopic dermatitis (AD). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and side-effects of CsA in Korean patients with severe AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 16 patients with recalcitrant AD took CsA for at least 6 weeks. Among them, 11 patients were followed up for more than 16 weeks. Initial dose was 5mg/kg/day (maximum 300 mg/day) and the dose was reduced according to their therapeutic responses. SCORAD (Scoring AD) was used to evaluate clinical efficacy of CsA. During the 1st month of therapy, the therapeutic efficacy and side-effects were evaluated every 2weeks and after 1 month, every month. We checked blood pressure and laboratory abnormalities including liver function test, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr) and urinalysis at each visit in addition to observing clinical adverse effects. RESULTS: Significant reduction of SCORAD was noted in 15 patients after 6 weeks of CsA therapy. Only one patient stopped CsA therapy because of the elevation of blood pressure. Three patients showed albuminuria, which disappeared after CsA dose reduction. CONCLUSION: CsA can be used effectively and safely in severe Korean AD patients. Albuminuria seems to be a peculiar side-effect in Korean patients.
Albuminuria ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Creatinine ; Cyclosporine* ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Humans ; Liver Function Tests ; Urinalysis

The face and notably the lips are important structures not only of aestheticvalue but also for expression, vibrancy and vitality. Sometimes we are encountered with the functional and aesthtetic lip problems especially in the patients with mandibular prognathism, such as excessive vermilion exposure, lip incompetence and hyperactivity of mentalis muscle. The etiologic factors are usually related to excessive anterior facial height, secondary to the abnormal development of perioral muscle, salivary gland and the swelling of lymphatic gland. Sometimes orthognathic surgery (mandibular setback osteotomy) alone is not accepted regarding to aesthetic value, there is likely to be a corresponding interest in adjunctive procedures such as genioplasty and soft tissue procedures. This article urges the incorporation of reduction cheiloplasty. It is a relatively minor procedure that can be easily reproducible and yields excellent, predictatable results with few complications. We treated two patients who have excessive vermilion exposure and marked abnormal lip eversion using reduction cheiloplasty combined with mandibular setback osteotomy, followed by improved facial harmony and patients were pleased.
Genioplasty ; Humans ; Lip ; Orthognathic Surgery ; Osteotomy* ; Prognathism ; Salivary Glands

No abstract available.
Antibodies* ; Immunoglobulin G* ; Immunoglobulin M*