No abstract available.
Rectal Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Barium* ; Enema* ; Intussusception*

No abstract available.
Lacerations

No abstract available.

OBJECTIVES: Risperidone, an atypical antipsychitics which blocks both dopaminergic and serotonergic receptors, have a good response to the negative symptoms as well as positive symptoms, and improve cognitive dysfunction of schizophrenic patients. Furthermore, it has few extrapyramidal side effects and tardive dyskinesia. Although it had been reported that the atypical antipsychotics have less effect on prolactin(PRL) than the classical antipsychotics, we could experience PRL-associated symptoms such as amenorrhea, galactorrhea and hyperprolactinemia in practice. Therefore we tried to identify the sex differences of risperidone-induced hyperprolactinemia, to evaluate factors affecting PRL levels, and to know the association between cognitive disorders and PRL. METHODS: The baseline levels of PRL and TSH prior th risperidone administration were measured by enzyme immunoassay method for 50 patients (25 males and 25 females) admitted with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or schizophreniform disorder according to the DSM-IV classification, and the measurements of PRL were repeated on the 2nd and the 4th wks of risperidone administration. Concomitantly, the severity of psychotic symptoms using CGI, BPRS and PANSS, and the cognitive dysfunction using PANSS-CF were assessed prior to, on the 2nd and the 4th wks of risperidone administration. The PRL and TSH levels of 54 healthy controls(29 males and 25 females) who had no medical, neurological and psychiatric illnesses were also evaluated. Furthermore, the correlation with the psychiatric diagnosis, education, age, sex, duration of illnesses, risperidone dosage, duration of risperdone administration, TSH concentration, cognitive function, severity of psychotic symptoms were also identified. RESULTS: 1) The baseline PRL levels of female schizophrenics(74.3+/-49.6ng/ml) were significantly(p<0.005) higher than those of males(36.3+/-24.6ng/ml), which wee significantly(p<0.0001 respectively) higher than those of controls(females 16.9+/-6.1ng/ml, males 13.3+/-4.9ng/ml). The PRL levels measured on the 2nd wks(females 133.7+/-47.8ng/ml, males 56.9+/-23.6ng/ml) and on the 4th wks(females 146.1+/-45.9ng/ml, males 70.0+/-31.5ng/ml) after risperidone administration were significantly(p<0.0001 respectively) higher in females. The mean dosages of risperidone on the 2nd wks were 3.8+/-1.7mg(2-6mg) for the females and 4.0+/-1.6mg(2-6mg) fore the males, and on the 4th wks were 4.5+/-2.1mg(2-8mg) fore the females and 5.4+/-2.2mg(2-8mg) for the males. 2) The rise of PRL levels were positively correlated with increased risperidone dosage in males(y=0.307 on the 2nd wks and y=0.280 on the 4th wks), while they were not correlated with dosages in females. For the females, the PRL levels were negatively correlated(y=-0.320) with decrease of TSH concentration. The baseline PRL levels were not correlated with age, education, duration of illnesses, psychopathology, cognitive disorders in both males and females, while it was negatively correlated with TSH levels only in females(y=-0.320). 3) The cognitive dysfunction was correlated with PRL levels in males, while PANSS-CF scores were negatively correlated with PRL levels(y=-0.220 on the 2nd wks and y=-0.366 on the 4th wks) in females. The psychopathology was positively correlated with cognitive dysfunction in both males and females. Therefore, the risperdone-induced cognitive improvement seemed to be correlated with improvement of psychopathology in both males and females, and with increase in PRL levels only in females. CONCLUSIONS: The fact that the serum PRL levels of schizophrenics were higher than those of controls, especially in females suggested that it could be related with risperidone dosage in males and with primary pathological process in females. The risperidone-associated cognitive improvement seemed to be related with general improvement of psychopathology as well as the rise of PRL levels especially in females. The facts that the effect of risperidone-induced hyperprolactinemia and the cognitive function were more in females suggested that somewhat different mechanisms could be exerted on them.
Amenorrhea ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Classification ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Education ; Female ; Galactorrhea ; Humans ; Hyperprolactinemia ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Male ; Mental Disorders ; Movement Disorders ; Pregnancy ; Prolactin* ; Psychopathology ; Psychotic Disorders ; Risperidone* ; Schizophrenia ; Sex Characteristics

INTRODUCTION: There has been an increasing interest in the relationship between sleep and suicidality. In addition, suicidal patients habitually report their sleep problems. Although sleep-related complaints and electroencephalographic changes are generally encountered in psychiatric disorders, sleep complaints such as insomnia, hypersomnia and nightmares are more common in suicidal patients. In current study, we aimed at investigating the relationship between self-reported sleep duration and suicidality in general population. METHODS: One thousand general population (male : female=500 : 500, mean age=39.6+/-11.6 years, ranged age=20-77 years) completed Center for Epidemiologic Study-Depression (CES-D), Beck Suicide Intent scale (BSI), Spielberger State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), Morningness-Eveningness Scale (MES) and brief questionnaire of sleep habits. RESULTS: After controlling for age and sex, score of BSI was correlated positively with the score of CES-D, STAXI and BIS on partial correlation analysis (r(p)=0.251 ; p<0.001, r(p)=0.352 ; p<0.001, and r(p)=0.175 ; p<0.001, respectively). In addition, score of BSI was inversely correlated with the score of MES (r(p)=-0.066; p=0.037). However, score of BSI showed no significant correlation with sleep duration. However, regression analysis revealed that short (<6 hrs) or long (>10 hrs) sleep duration, the family history of psychiatric illness, the score of CES-D, and the score of STAXI predicted higher score of BSI significantly in total subjects (F=17.837, adjusted R2 =0.166 ; p=0.003, p=0.003, p<0.001, and p=0.003, respectively). This model was explained better in depressed subjects with 16 or higher score of CES-D (F=9.920, adjusted R2=0.298). CONCLUSION: Current result suggested that not only short sleep duration (<6 hrs) but also long sleep duration (>10 hrs) might be related to suicidality.
Anger ; Depression ; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence ; Dreams ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Republic of Korea ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Suicide

OBJECTIVES: Working at other times than the regular day shift has been reported to be a stressor associated with health consequences and mental disorders as well as disturbance of sleep. In current study, we aimed at investigating the relationship between work schedule, sleep quality and depression among police officers. METHODS: Eleven hundreds and forty five police officers (male:1040, female:105) completed questionnaires of basic socio-demographic data, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Korean Scale of Occupational Stress (KOSS), Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES-R) and Center for Epidemiologic Study-Depression (CES-D). RESULTS: After controlling for age, sex and educational level, score of CES-D was correlated positively with the score of KOSS, PSQI and IES-R on partial correlation analysis (r=-0.077;p=0.009, r=0.262;p<0.000 and r=0.421, p<0.000, respectively). Logistic regression analysis revealed that female sex, age, the score of KOSS and IES-R and schedule of rotating shift work predicted higher score than 16 score of CES-D significantly in total subjects (p=0.023, p=0.015, p=0.000, p=0.000 and p=0.022, respectively). CONCLUSION: Current result suggested that not only female sex, age, higher occupational stress and impact of event scale but also rotating shift work schedule might be related to depression among police officers.
Appointments and Schedules ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Mental Disorders ; Police ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Risk Factors

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Pneumonia*

Prostatic adenocarcinoma is a common genitourinary malignancy which frequently is assiciated with bony metastasis at initial diagnosis. The detection of bony metastasis is important because it often alters the therapeutic strategy. The radionuclide one scintigraphy is known to be the most sensitive diagnostic method in detecting bony metastasis from prostatic adenocarcinoma. In the histologic grading of prostatic adenocarcinoma, the Gleason's grading system is the most widely employed one which is based on the degree of glandular differentiation and the growth patterns of tumor in relation to the prostatic stroma. The purpose of this study is to know the correlation of Gleason's grade and bone scintigraphic findings in prostatic carcinoma. We analyzed 99mTc-diphosphonate bone scintigraphies of 19 cases with prostatic adenocarcinoma confirmed by transurethral prostatic biopsy. Ten of the 19 cases showed asymmetrical multiple radioisotope uptake suggesting bony metastases and their Gleason's grade were 4 or 5 in seven cases. The remaining three cases were Gleason's grade 2 or 3. Another nine cases showed symmetrical radioisotope uptake with normal renal imaging suggesting no bony metastases and their Gleason's grade were 1,2 or 3 in seven cases. The remaining two cases of these nine cases were Gleason's grade 4 and 5. As the results, there was a correlation between the Gleason's grade and bone scintigraphic findings. The asymmetrical multiple skeletal uptake of radioisotope may suggest that the Gleason's grade is likely to be higher.
Adenocarcinoma ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Methods ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Radionuclide Imaging

Fusariosis is a rare infectious disease caused by species of the genus Fusarium that has been increasingly documented as an emerging agent of opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients and, occasionally, immunocompetent hosts. We describe an 18-year-old Korean male, previously diagnosed as acute lymphocytic leukemia, presented with 2~4 cm-sized erythematous to necrotic papulonodules on the trunk and extremities for a week. White blood cell count was 200 cells/L and biopsy specimen showed structures resembling fungal elements in the dermis and subcutaneous fat. Cultures from a biopsy sample growing whitish cottony colonies contained fusoid multiseptated macroconidia. He was diagnosed as fusariosis and treated with intravenous amphotericin B. But white blood cell count and clinical symptoms didn't improve and he was expired after 6 days of treatment.
Adolescent ; Amphotericin B ; Biopsy ; Communicable Diseases ; Dermis ; Extremities ; Fusariosis ; Fusarium* ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Leukocyte Count ; Male ; Opportunistic Infections ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma* ; Subcutaneous Fat