No abstract available.
Osteotomy*

Tsutsugamushi disease is acute febrile illness, transmitted by Rickettsia tsutsugamushi. R. tsutusgamushi invade and proliferate in the endothelial cells of small blood vessels. Destruction of endothelial cells occurs from the proliferation of the organism and eventual disruption, and thus vascular rich organs must be carefully examined such as the kidney, lung, heart, liver. Recently we experienced a case of acute renal failure associated with R. tsutsugamushi infection in a child. Renal biopsy showed diffuse interstitial edema and mononuclear cell infiltration in the deep cortex. R. tsutusgamushi should be included as one of the causes of acute interstitial nephritis causing ARF in children, especially when the children have a acute febrile illness with rash in the fall and winter.
Acute Kidney Injury* ; Biopsy ; Blood Vessels ; Child ; Edema ; Endothelial Cells ; Exanthema ; Heart ; Humans ; Kidney ; Liver ; Lung ; Nephritis, Interstitial ; Orientia tsutsugamushi ; Scrub Typhus*

The purpose of this study was comparing the effectiveness in the topical applications of cyclosporine with that of steroid, the conventional and standard drug in the treatment of oral lichen planus. 21 patients with oral lichen planus were treated with cyclosporine (n=11) or steroid (n=10) by random allocations. They were recalled 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks after initial treatments. In each recall, the lesion size, clinical symptoms like pain or burning sensation, and side effects were evaluated. The differences of these measurements were compared and the effects of each drug were checked. In reticulation types, steroid showed higher effectivity than cyclosporine and this difference was significant statistically. But in erythema type lesions, either drug showed no significant recovery, statistically. However, the effect of cyclosporine was thought to be more effective. The pain of the lesions was significantly decreased by cyclosporine but not by steroid. The decrease of burning sensation was more dependant upon steroid than cyclosporine, but no statistical relationship could be found. There were no clinical side effects. There was limitation to draw in conclusion due to small pool of this study group. But with the results, this suggestion could be proposed that either drug might be superior to another in effectivity in a specific lesion type or patient symptom, so selection and usage of one drug in a specific case could be better than universal application of one drug in all cases.
Burns ; Cyclosporine* ; Erythema ; Humans ; Lichen Planus, Oral* ; Sensation

The Cerebro-oculo-facio-skeletal (COFS) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by multiple abnormalities that involve the brain, face, eyes, and extremities. COFS syndrome is regarded as a degenerative disorder of the brain and spinal cord caused by a mutation of the DNA repair genes. We report on an 8-month-old girl with COFS syndrome who exhibited growth and developmental delay, hypotonia, microcephaly, nystagmus, cleft palate, widely separated nipples, inguinal hernia, camptodactyly, and rocker-bottom feet with vertical talus.
Abnormalities, Multiple ; Brain ; Cleft Palate ; Cockayne Syndrome ; DNA Repair ; Extremities ; Eye ; Foot ; Growth and Development ; Hernia, Inguinal ; Humans ; Infant ; Microcephaly ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Nipples ; Spinal Cord ; Talus

Sustained-releasing praziquantel (SRP) tablet was designed for single dose treatment regimen of clonorchiasis. A previous pre-clinical study confirmed its sustained-releasing characteristics and a better cure rate than conventional praziquantel (PZQ). In this clinical study, the pharmacokinetics of this SRP tablet were investigated in human volunteers (phase 1; 12 volunteers), and its curative efficacy was examined in clonorchiasis patients (phase 2; 20 volunteers). In the phase 1 clinical study, blood concentrations of both tablets showed wide individual variation. The AUC(last) of SRP was 497.9+/-519.0 ng.hr/ml (mean+/-SD) and PZQ of 628.6+/-695.5 ng.hr/ml, and the AUC(inf) of SRP was 776.0+/-538.5 ng.hr/ml and of PZQ 658.6+/-709.9 ng.hr/ml. C(max) values of SRP and PZQ were 90.7+/-82.2 ng/ml and 214.9+/-251.9 ng/ml, and T(max) values were 3.42+/-1.43 hr and 1.96+/-1.23 hr, respectively. SRP tablets showed similar AUC values, but lower C(max) and longer T(max) values than PZQ. In the phase 2 study, SRP at 30 mg/kg (single dose) achieved a 60% cure rate and a 95.5% egg reduction rate. The cure rate of a single dose SRP was unsatisfactory compared with that of the conventional PZQ dose, but much better than that achieved by a single dose PZQ.
*Praziquantel/adverse effects/pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use ; Parasite Egg Count ; Male ; Humans ; *Delayed-Action Preparations/pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use ; Clonorchis sinensis/*drug effects/isolation & purification ; Clonorchiasis/*drug therapy ; Area Under Curve ; *Anthelmintics/adverse effects/pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Adult

PURPOSE: Interindividual genetic differences in susceptibility to chemical carcinogens are one of the most important host factors in human cancer. The genetically determined differences in metabolism, related to cytochrome P450 (CYP450) genes have been reported to be associated with various cancer susceptibility. The present study was set up to establish the frequency of the polymorphic genotypes of two CYP450 (CYP2E1/PstI and CYP2E1/DraI) isozymes in Korea, to evaluate a possible increased incidence of the genotype associated with higher cervical cancer risks among Korean cervical cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, extracted DNAs from 228 cervical cancer patients and 360 normal healthy controls were analysed with the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymosphism (PCR-RFLP) method. RESULTS: In the CYP 2E1 genotypes, detected by PstI or RsaI digestion, there were no statistically remarkable differences between the cervical cancer patients and control groups. And when the cervical cancer patients were divided into subgroups with respect to the age, the frequency of CYP 2E1/PstI polymorphisms in the cervical cancer patients under the 40 years old was not significantly higher compared to the controls or the patients above the 40 years old and, c1/c1 genotype was prominent in this type of polymorphism. The frequency of CYP 2E1/DraI polymorphisms in the cervical cancer patients was not significantly higher compared to the controls, and D/D genotype was prominent in this type of polymorphism. In cervical carcinoma, the polymorphic genotypes of CYP 2E1 were not correlated to other parameters including clinical stage, histological tumor type, and degree of differentiation. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that individuals carrying CYP 2E1/PstI (c1/c1) or CYP 2E1/DraI (D/D) alleles are not genetically susceptible to cervical cancer in Korea.
Adult ; Alleles ; Carcinogens ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1* ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System* ; Cytochromes* ; Digestion ; DNA ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease* ; Genotype ; Humans ; Incidence ; Isoenzymes ; Korea ; Metabolism ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

Nitric oxide (NO) regulates proliferation, differentiation and survival of neurons. Although NO is reported to involve in NGF-induced differentiation of PC12 cells, the role of NO has not been characterized in primary neuron cells. Therefore, we investigated the role of NO in neuronal differentiation of primary cortical neuron cells. Primary cortical neuron cells were prepared from rat embryos of embryonic day 18 and treated with NMMA (NOS inhibitor) or PTIO (NO scavenger). Neurite outgrowth of neuron cells was counted and the mRNA levels of p21, p27, c-jun and c-myc were measured by RT-PCR. Neurite outgrowth of primary cortical neuron cells was inhibited a little by NOS inhibitor and completely by NO scavenger. The mRNA levels of p21 and p27, differentiation-induced growth arrest genes were increased during differentiation, but they were decreased by NOS inhibitor or NO scavenger. On the other hand, the level of c-jun mRNA was not changed and the level of c-myc mRNA was increased during differentiation differently from previously reported. The levels of these mRNA were reversed in NOS inhibitor- or NO scavenger-treated cells. The level of nNOS protein was not changed but NOS activity was inhibited largely by NOS inhibitor or NO scavenger. These results suggest that NO is an essential mediator for neuronal differentiation of primary cortical neuron cells.
Animals ; Butyrates ; Cyclic N-Oxides ; Embryonic Structures ; Hand ; Imidazoles ; Neurites ; Neurons ; Nitric Oxide ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; PC12 Cells ; Rats ; RNA, Messenger