Porencephaly is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by a cavitary hole extending from the cerebral mantle to the ventricle of the brain and covered by leptomeningeal membrane. It is now generally believed that the porencephaly represents a fetal or neonatal destructive process of the neural tissue. Authors experienced an autopsy case of bilateral porencephaly in a 35-day-old Korean male infant who died of sepsis. The brain weighed 150 gms and morphologically well formed except for two large symmetric defects at the fronto-parietal region. These defects were characterized by cleft-like shape, covering the entire cerebral mantle with resultant direct communication between ventricular cavity and leptomeninges. Thin leptomeningeal trabeculae were covering the cavity. There was a smooth transition between ependyma and roof of the defects. There are focal, microscopic cerebral infarct and abscess without connection with the cavitary lesion. The remaining central nervous system was unremarkable.
Infant ; Male ; Female ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans

BACKGROUND: Nursing students may be exposed to patients with infectious diseases such as hepatitis B and hepatitis A through needle stick injuries or close contact during their clinical practice. This study surveyed the presence of antihepatitis B virus (anti-HBV), anti-hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV), and anti-varicella zoster virus antibodies in nursing students before the initiation of their clinical practice to help prevent subsequent infections. METHODS: From 2009 to 2013, the junior students of a nursing college in Jeollabuk-do were tested for antibodies against the hepatitis B, hepatitis A, and varicella zoster viruses before the initiation of their clinical practice. RESULTS: The students tested positive for anti-HBV (46.2-57.1%), anti-HAV (0-10.5%), and anti-varicella zoster antibodies (80.2-90.2%). No significant differences in the positivity rates were observed with respect to the year of their enrollment. CONCLUSION: This study was a survey of the seroprevalence of anti-HBV, anti-HAV, and anti-varicella zoster antibodies in nursing students before they started their clinical practice. The positivity rate of anti-HAV was lower than 10%. In order to prevent infection, it is necessary to test nursing students for the presence of antibodies against hepatitis B, hepatitis A, varicella, measles, mumps, and rubella, and check their vaccination history as recommended in the adult immunization schedule. Vaccination must be recommended for students who test negative for the respective antibodies.
Adult ; Antibodies* ; Chickenpox ; Communicable Diseases ; Hepatitis A ; Hepatitis A Antibodies ; Hepatitis B ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; Herpes Zoster* ; Herpesvirus 1, Cercopithecine* ; Herpesvirus 3, Human ; Humans ; Immunization Schedule ; Jeollabuk-do ; Measles ; Mumps ; Needlestick Injuries ; Nursing* ; Rubella ; Seroepidemiologic Studies* ; Students, Nursing* ; Vaccination

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate factors influencing influenza infection control compliance in nurses, including knowledge about, and awareness of infection control. METHODS: The study participants were 168 nurses who worked at a hospital in J Province. Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires in April 2015. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. RESULTS: Mean score for knowledge about droplet precaution was 12.16 out of 16.00. Mean score for awareness about droplet precautions was 3.49 out of 4.00, and mean score for droplet precaution compliance was 3.33 out of 4.00. There was a positive correlation among knowledge, awareness and compliance (p<.001). Awareness, knowledge and experience of seasonal influenza education were the significant factors affecting the level of compliance (37.8%). CONCLUSION: Study results indicate that an educational program focusing on strategies to change nurses' awareness would be effective in improving infection control of respiratory virus and droplet precaution compliance in hospitals.
Compliance* ; Education ; Infection Control* ; Influenza, Human* ; Seasons

No abstract available.
Bone Marrow Transplantation* ; Bone Marrow*

PURPOSE : To compare the clinical, roentgenographic results and patient self assessment between posterior cruciate retaining TKA and posterior cruciate substituting TKA. MATERIALS AND METHODS : From January 1993 to May 1999, 68 patients (106 knees) were performed total knee arthroplasty using the PFC system. Seventy five PCL retaining and thirty one PCL substituting components were used. Retrospective analysis were done in two groups by the clinical and radiological evaluation system using American Knee Society Scale and patient self assessment using WOMAC score. RESULTS : There were no statistically significant differences in knee score and functional score, improvement of range of motion, and self assesment of the PCL retaining and substituting group. We also observed improvement of pain, knee scores, and functional scores according to flexion contracture in both groups but there were no significant differences statistically. Tibiofemoral angles were corrected in both groups. There was no case of complete radiolucency, osteolysis, and component loosening. CONCLUSION : Surgeons will achieve good result of operation, if they choose proper type of TKA systems according to state of posterior cruciate ligament, degree of deformity, and technique of surgery.
Arthroplasty* ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Contracture ; Equidae ; Humans ; Knee* ; Osteolysis ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Retrospective Studies ; Self-Assessment

The facial flatness was studied by the metric method which involves six measurements of breadth and projection of the midfacial skeleton, the calculation of three indices from the measurements. The indices of the modern Korean adult crania, Korea & Chosun Dynasty crania, the Iron Age Korean crania, and the late Neolithic Korean crania were investigated. The indices were compared to those of other published data on the Korean crania and those of neighboring asian races as well. All indices for facial flatness of Korea & Chosun Dynasty were similar to modern Korean. However, zygomaxillary index was different between modern and late Neolithic crania. The difference of zygomaxillary index was prominent in males than females. The difference of facial flatness between modern and ancient seems to be mainly due to zygomatic breadth. The frontal indices of modern Korean and Korea & Chosun Dynasty crania were relatively low and the simotic indices were relatively high among neighboring asian races. The zygomaxillary index is intermediate. Clustering analysis represented that the flatnesses of the modern Korean crania and Korea & Chosun Dynasty crania were closely related to those of the northern Chinese, modern Japanese, however, somewhat different from that of ancient Korean, Mongol, Siberian etc.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Continental Population Groups ; Female ; Humans ; Iron ; Korea ; Male ; Skeleton

The cytokines are the hormone-like proteins, which are produced in the mononuclear cells. They have many roles, such as immune mediators, cell differentiations, angiogenesis. The chemokines have chemotactic effects which control the host immune response. There were few reports about the cytokines associated with musculoskeletal tumors. From late 1980s, the cytokine studies of bone tumors such as osteosarcoma were started, but most studies for benign and malignant musculoskeletal tumors were left to be explored. To evaluate the characteristics of the cytokines in variable musculoskeletal tumors, tissues were obtained from the seven patients who visited the Yeungnam University hospital from February to July 2000. They were lipoma (1 case), parosteal osteoma (1 case), enchondroma (2 cases), pigmented villonodular synovitis (1 case), ganglion (1 case), and metastaic squamous cell carcinoma (1 case). The gene experession of the cytokines were analyzed by RNase protection assay (RPA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The lipoma and parosteal osteoma expressed MIP-1beta, and IP-10 genes. The two enchondromas showed different results, one expressed all of MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta and IP-10 genes but the other expressed none of above. The pigmented villonodular synovitis strongly expressed MIP-1alpha and IP-10 when compared with the other cases. The ganglion did not express all of the chemokines mentioned above. And the metastatic squamous cell carcinoma expressed all of the chemokines and especially IP-10 was highly expressed. Even though this study has only a few cases, these results provide a basis for the cytokine mediating network study in musculoskeletal tumors.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Differentiation ; Chemokine CCL3 ; Chemokine CCL4 ; Chemokines ; Chondroma ; Cytokines ; Ganglion Cysts ; Humans ; Lipoma ; Negotiating ; Osteoma ; Osteosarcoma ; Ribonucleases ; Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular

The cytokines are the hormone-like proteins, which are produced in the mononuclear cells. They have many roles, such as immune mediators, cell differentiations, angiogenesis. The chemokines have chemotactic effects which control the host immune response. There were few reports about the cytokines associated with musculoskeletal tumors. From late 1980s, the cytokine studies of bone tumors such as osteosarcoma were started, but most studies for benign and malignant musculoskeletal tumors were left to be explored. To evaluate the characteristics of the cytokines in variable musculoskeletal tumors, tissues were obtained from the seven patients who visited the Yeungnam University hospital from February to July 2000. They were lipoma (1 case), parosteal osteoma (1 case), enchondroma (2 cases), pigmented villonodular synovitis (1 case), ganglion (1 case), and metastaic squamous cell carcinoma (1 case). The gene experession of the cytokines were analyzed by RNase protection assay (RPA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The lipoma and parosteal osteoma expressed MIP-1beta, and IP-10 genes. The two enchondromas showed different results, one expressed all of MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta and IP-10 genes but the other expressed none of above. The pigmented villonodular synovitis strongly expressed MIP-1alpha and IP-10 when compared with the other cases. The ganglion did not express all of the chemokines mentioned above. And the metastatic squamous cell carcinoma expressed all of the chemokines and especially IP-10 was highly expressed. Even though this study has only a few cases, these results provide a basis for the cytokine mediating network study in musculoskeletal tumors.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Differentiation ; Chemokine CCL3 ; Chemokine CCL4 ; Chemokines ; Chondroma ; Cytokines ; Ganglion Cysts ; Humans ; Lipoma ; Negotiating ; Osteoma ; Osteosarcoma ; Ribonucleases ; Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular

Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) is a disorder characterized by pulmonary and systemic small- vessel vasculitis, extravascular eosinophilic infiltration and hypereosinophilia; it is rarely diagnosed in the pediatric age group. We experienced a case of CSS in a male infant who had repeated symptoms of asthma with hypereosinophilia and transitory non-fixed pulmonary infiltrates on chest radiographs. He also had rectal bleeding in early infancy and multiple erosions with extravascular eosinophilic infiltrations in the sigmoid colon. We report a rare case of CSS in a 14-month-old infant and review the medical literature.
Asthma ; Churg-Strauss Syndrome* ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Eosinophils ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Vasculitis

Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate is very rare tumor and comprises about 0.4% of all prostatic carcinomas. The metastatic form of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate is similar to that of the adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Common sites of metastasis are pelvic lymph node and bone. At presentation, half of patients have evidence of metastasis to pelvic lymph nodes, bone, brain, liver, bladder and seminal vesicles. Especially, epididymal metastasis from mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate is uncommon and only 15 cases was reported in the literature. We report a case of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate with metastasis to the epididymis and discuss the clinicopathologic features of this lesion.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous* ; Brain ; Epididymis ; Humans ; Liver ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Mucins* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Seminal Vesicles ; Urinary Bladder