There have been several reports that nasal bone fractures are inadequately managed. They are probably due to poor understanding of the pathophysiology of nasal bone fracture and absence of the accurate diagnostic method. And there has been little adequate comprehensive classification of nasal bone fracture and nasal septal fracture. We examed 132 patients sustaining nasal bone fracture using computerized tomography. Fracture line, deviation, depression, associated skeletal deformities and the nasal septum were clearly identified. We compared our results with Murray & Maran's classification of nasal bone fracture. We found that they revealed almost same results and computerized tomography was good method for diagnosis of nasal septal fracture. The computerized tomography will be helpful for accurate diagnosis and preperative planning of the correction of nasal bone and septal fracture.
Classification ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Depression ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Nasal Bone* ; Nasal Septum

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the histologic difference that occured after trichloroacetic acid(TCA) chemical peel in an animal model that was pretreated with Tretinoin alone or Tretinoin-based combined pretreatment kit. Eight Hartley white guinea pigs were used in our study. The dorsal skin of the guinea pigs was divided into six equal squares(2x2 cm). Upper two areas of these six were not pretreated, middle two areas were pretreated for 4 weeks with Tretinoin alone and lower two areas were pretreated for 4 weeks with Tretinoin-based combined kit. Each guinea pig underwent chemical peel with 50% TCA. The wounded areas were biopsied at post-peeling 3 weeks and 6 weeks. The histology revealed that those animals pretreated with combined kit healed quicker than the animals pretreated with Tretinoin alone. This study implies that if patients are treated with Tretinoin-based-combined pretreatment kit before undergoing chemical peel, the pretreatment time will be shortened.
Animals ; Guinea Pigs* ; Guinea* ; Humans ; Models, Animal ; Skin ; Tretinoin* ; Wounds and Injuries

No abstract available.
Urology*

No abstract available.
Adolescent* ; Dislocations* ; Hip* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Iron* ; Skin Pigmentation*

It is recommened to remove the arterial adventitia from the vessel ends to prevent adventitial interpose between the edges of anastomoses vessels. We have analysed the effect of adventitial removal on the patency in microvascular anastomosis. using rat femoral artery Three groups of adventitial removal methods were studied: non-removal group, sharp dissection group and blunt dissecction group. Patency was evaluated one hour, 24hours and 7days after anastomosis. The patency rate of non-dissection group(n=40) was 90% one hour after anastomosis but it reduced to 62.5% both at 24 hours and at 7days because interpositioning of adventitia induced thrombosis. The blunt skipping group showed 62.5% of patency rate at one hour most likely due to vascular spasm, but after 24hours it was recovered to 80% and 78.5% at 7th day. The sharp dissection group showed persistently high patency rate of 97.5% after one hour,95% both after 24 hours and after 7 days. Scanning electron microscopy showed endothelial loss and medial edema in bluntly stripped vessels but it showed well preserved endothelial cells and medial wall in sharp dissection group. The reason of relatively low patency rates of blunt dissection group compared with sharp dissection group 24 hours and 7 days after anastomosis(p=0.043 and p=0.023, respectively) was endothelial damage induced by stretching force made during blunt stripping.
Adventitia ; Animals ; Edema ; Endothelial Cells ; Femoral Artery ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Rats ; Spasm ; Thrombosis

No abstract available.
Epidermal Cyst

OBJECTIVES: Using two stimuli, this study was designed to evaluate variations of P300 in relations to reaction time of pressing the button for target tones in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: The auditory oddball paradigm was used for the patients (N=22) and normal controls (N=23). The two stimuli were composed of target (20%, 2000 Hz, 75 dB) tone and standard (80%, 1000 Hz, 75 dB) tone, with 2 sec inter-stimulus interval, 50 msec duration and 10 msec rise or fall time. In each subject, P300s were acquired for both fast reaction time (FRT) and slow reaction time (SRT) to target response. RESULTS: P300 amplitude in patients with schizophrenia was lower than controls across FRT and SRT (p<0.001), but P300 latency was not delayed (p>0.8). In this study, even though the reaction time for the button pressing task might be faster in patients with schizophrenia (p<0.1), the P300 to FRT in patients with schizophrenia was lower than the P300 to SRT in controls (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the lower P300 in patients with schizophrenia might be due to cognitive dysfunction and the patient's performance in reaction time for pressing buttons, both independently. Thus, P300 as well as reaction time may be used to further explore a variety of domains of cognitive function.
Evoked Potentials* ; Humans ; Reaction Time* ; Schizophrenia*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We analyzed chronological changes in hemoglobin according to renal function changes over a 5-year follow-up period. METHODS: We enrolled 5,266 adults with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) > or = 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 at an initial examination at a routine health check-up; a follow-up examination was conducted 5 years later. We categorized the subjects according to GFR ratio (groups 1, 2, and 3, defined as GFRratio > or = 1.00, 0.75 to 0.99, and < 0.75, respectively). RESULTS: The mean hemoglobin level in subjects with a GFR of 60 to 74 was higher than in those with a GFR of 75 to 89 or > or = 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 at the initial examination (all p < 0.001). Among females and males, the frequencies of increased hemoglobin were 46.8% and 40.6% in the GFRratio group 1, 52.4% and 46.1% in group 2, and 59.6% and 52.5% in group 3 over the 5-year period, respectively (all p < 0.001). With multiple logistic regression, group 3 showed 1.594-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.127 to 2.225) and 1.353-fold (95% CI, 1.000 to 1.830) higher likelihoods of increased hemoglobin over the 5-year follow-up period in females and males, respectively. The estimated difference in hemoglobin level was highest in group 3 in both genders. These findings were more evident in subgroups without metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or GFR less than 90 mL/min/1.73 m2. CONCLUSIONS: Among a population with GFR > or = 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, a mild decrease in GFR over a 5-year follow-up period was associated with an increase in hemoglobin levels.
Adult ; Aged ; Biological Markers/blood ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; *Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Hemoglobins/*metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney/*physiopathology ; Kidney Diseases/blood/diagnosis/*physiopathology ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Republic of Korea ; Time Factors ; Up-Regulation

No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous* ; Lung* ; Mucins*