No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor*

We experinced a case of 4p+ syndrome in male infant. He had multiple anomalies such as flat occiput, hypertelorism, low set malformed ear, lower anterior hair line, depressed nose, broad nasal bridge, bilateral complete cleft lip and palate, short neck, unusual position of fingers, ventricular septal defect and umblical hernia. He menifested growth and developmental retardation. Karyotype with banding revealed an extra short arm of chromosome 4. The mother's karyotype was normal. His father and father's sister had a translocation between the short arm of chromosome 4 and the short arm of chromosome 9; their karyotypes were 46, XY, t(4;9) and 46, XX, t(4;9), respectively. In this case, trisomy 4p was the result of parental balanced translocatiom. As this is the first case in Korea, it is worthwhile to report with reviewing literature.
Arm ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 ; Cleft Lip ; Ear ; Fathers ; Fingers ; Growth and Development ; Hair ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Hernia ; Humans ; Hypertelorism ; Infant ; Karyotype ; Korea ; Male ; Neck ; Nose ; Palate ; Parents ; Siblings ; Trisomy

Childhood asymmetry labium majus enlargement (CALME) is a disctinctive clinicopathologic entity of pre- and early puberty first described in 2005. It is defined as an expansion of normal soft tissues of the vulva. Although CALME is not a rare lesion, it has been called lipoma, fibroma, hamartoma, and fibrous hyperplasia. CALME is not a true neoplasm and is a physiologic growth in response to hormone. It may tend to resolve spontaneously and recur after surgical resection. We report four cases of CALME with a review of the literature. To the best of the knowledge, this is the first Korean report.
Child ; Fibroma ; Hamartoma ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Hypertrophy ; Lipoma ; Puberty ; Vulva

Fetal echocardiography is used by means of decleration of fetal cardiac anaztomy, to estabilish the diagnosis of congenital heart disease in utero. We attemped fetal echocardiography to ninty three pregnant women after intra uterine period 24 weeks, and estimated cardiac circumference, cardiac axis, pulmonary atery root diameter, arortic root diameter, diameter of inferior vena cava, diameter of superior ve studied how these estimates associate with following gestational na cava, and fractional shortening of ventricles. We ages. Cardiac axis was on the average 37.28 degree and cardiac apex was located in anterior left side of chest area. Aortic root diameter was 0.227 GA-0.043mm (GA=gestational age) at systolic phase, 0.203 GA+0.421mm at diastolic phase. Pulmonaly root diameter was 0.271 GA-0.029mm at systolic phase, 0.251 GA-0.067mm at diastolic phase. Thoracic aorta diameter was 0.195 GA+0.109mm at systolic phase, 0.198 GA+0.794mm at diastolic phase. Fractional shortening was 0.24 (1 Standard Deviation=0.11) in right ventricle, 0.23(1 SD=0.154) at left ventricle, and so ratio of right and left ventricle was 1.04(1 SD=0.51). Once normal fetal cardiac anatomy is understood, structural defects and/or alternation of function can be evaluated antenatally.
Aorta, Thoracic ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography* ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Pregnant Women ; Thorax ; Vena Cava, Inferior

No abstract available.
Adenosarcoma* ; Endometrium* ; Female

No abstract available.
Adenosarcoma* ; Endometrium* ; Female

Antiviral agents and vaccines are practical tools used against many viral diseases. This review focuses on the antiviral agents used against human herpesviruses and influenza viruses, which are frequently encountered in clinical practices.Current Concepts: Recently developed antiviral agents mostly target human immunodeficiency viruses or hepatitis viruses. As most viruses invade host cells and use host metabolic systems for replication, it is difficult to develop novel antiviral agents.Discussion and Conclusion: Diseases, pathogenesis, indications, and dosages of antiviral agents used to combat herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) are described as most of these viruses require treatment. Acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir are frequently used against HSV and VZV in Korea. Ganciclovir and valganciclovir are frequently used against CMV; foscarnet, cidofovir, and maribavir are used in refractory cases. Drugs currently used for influenza virus infections and recently introduced drugs such as oseltamivir, peramivir, zanamivir, and baloxavir marboxil are also included in this review. Clinicians should keep abreast of continued developments in antiviral agents and correct usage of drugs to overcome viral diseases.

Antiviral agents and vaccines are practical tools used against many viral diseases. This review focuses on the antiviral agents used against human herpesviruses and influenza viruses, which are frequently encountered in clinical practices.Current Concepts: Recently developed antiviral agents mostly target human immunodeficiency viruses or hepatitis viruses. As most viruses invade host cells and use host metabolic systems for replication, it is difficult to develop novel antiviral agents.Discussion and Conclusion: Diseases, pathogenesis, indications, and dosages of antiviral agents used to combat herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) are described as most of these viruses require treatment. Acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir are frequently used against HSV and VZV in Korea. Ganciclovir and valganciclovir are frequently used against CMV; foscarnet, cidofovir, and maribavir are used in refractory cases. Drugs currently used for influenza virus infections and recently introduced drugs such as oseltamivir, peramivir, zanamivir, and baloxavir marboxil are also included in this review. Clinicians should keep abreast of continued developments in antiviral agents and correct usage of drugs to overcome viral diseases.

Antiviral agents and vaccines are practical tools used against many viral diseases. This review focuses on the antiviral agents used against human herpesviruses and influenza viruses, which are frequently encountered in clinical practices.Current Concepts: Recently developed antiviral agents mostly target human immunodeficiency viruses or hepatitis viruses. As most viruses invade host cells and use host metabolic systems for replication, it is difficult to develop novel antiviral agents.Discussion and Conclusion: Diseases, pathogenesis, indications, and dosages of antiviral agents used to combat herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) are described as most of these viruses require treatment. Acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir are frequently used against HSV and VZV in Korea. Ganciclovir and valganciclovir are frequently used against CMV; foscarnet, cidofovir, and maribavir are used in refractory cases. Drugs currently used for influenza virus infections and recently introduced drugs such as oseltamivir, peramivir, zanamivir, and baloxavir marboxil are also included in this review. Clinicians should keep abreast of continued developments in antiviral agents and correct usage of drugs to overcome viral diseases.

No abstract available.
Antibodies* ; Endometriosis* ; Female ; Humans