No abstract available.
Humans* ; Interleukin-10*

We experienced a case of adenocarcinoma arising in sacrococcygeal teratoma. The patient was a 52-year-old woman. She was admitted due to one month of sacral pain. She had a sacral mass since birth. On physical examination, anal fistula was present at the perianal area and pus drainage was noted. MR image showed multiple variable-sized cysts with inhomogeneous density. Resected specimen, mesuring 12.5 7.0 cm in diameter, showed multiple variable-sized cystic lesions admixed with grayish solid portion. The cysts contained mucoid material. The microscopic examination showed mature teratoma composed of cysts lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, intestinal mucosa, mature cartilage, bone, and fat tissue. A moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma developed from the cystic area in the mass.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Adult ; Cartilage ; Drainage ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa ; Middle Aged ; Mucous Membrane ; Parturition ; Physical Examination ; Rectal Fistula ; Suppuration ; Teratoma*

Intraosseous lipoma is a very rare primary tumor of the bone. We report four cases of intraosseous lipoma. The patient ranged in age from 34 to 59-year-old (median age: 35 year-old). There were three men and one woman. All of four cases presented with pain. The involved bones were calcaneus in two cases, tibia in one case and ilium in one case, respectively. In all cases plain x-ray film revealed well-defined lytic lesion. Their size ranged 2 to 4.5 cm (mean size: 3.5 cm). Histologic examination showed mature adipose tissue. Three cases showed secondary changes such as atrophic bone, fat necrosis, fibrosis, dystrophic calcification, and reactive ischemic bone formation. The clinicopathologic and roentgenographic correlation are necessary in establishing correct diagnosis of this tumor.
Adipose Tissue ; Calcaneus ; Diagnosis ; Fat Necrosis ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Ilium ; Lipoma* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteogenesis ; Tibia ; X-Ray Film

Carcinoma Showing Thymus-Like Differentiation (CASTLE) is a rare tumor, which occurs in the thyroid gland and surrounding soft tissue, or soft tissue of the neck. It is thought to originate from ectopic thymus or branchial pouch remnants. We report a case of CASTLE of the thyroid gland in a 42-year-old woman. Grossly, a nodular, partly well demarcated, grayish yellow, 3.0 2.0 cm sized, solid mass was found in the right thyroid gland. Microscopically, the tumor was divided into lobules of variable size and shape, nests and cords with thin and thick fibrous septa which were infiltrated by lymphocytes and plasma cells. The tumor cells were large, polygonal and had vesicular nuclei with prominent nucleoli and eosinophilic cytoplasm. Some cells, especially in the central portion of the nests had abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and showed squamoid feature.
Adult ; Cytoplasm ; Eosinophils ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Neck ; Plasma Cells ; Thymus Gland ; Thyroid Gland*

BACKGROUND: The development and progression of a tumor can be determined by a complex multistep process involving the activation of oncogenes and the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the expression of p53, Rb, bcl-2 protein and Ki-67 labeling index in the intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. METHODS: We analyzed 36 cases of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma obtained by surgical resection. Expression of p53, Rb, bcl-2 proteins and Ki-67 labeling index were evaluated by immunohistochemical study. RESULTS: Expression of p53 protein was detected in 61.1% (22/36) of cholangiocarcinoma. Rb protein loss and overexpression were observed 27.8% (7/36) and 72.2% (29/36) of cholangiocarcinoma. But bcl-2 protein was not expressed. No significant correlation was found between p53, Rb and bcl-2 protein expression and age, sex, gross type, histologic grade, vascular invasion and lymph node metastases. The Ki-67 labeling index was significantly higher in p53 positive group and Rb overexpression group than in p53 negative group (p<0.01) and Rb loss group (p<0.05). There was a positive correlation between p53 protein and Rb protein expressions, but a negative correlation between Rb protein and bcl-2 protein expressions. CONCLUSIONS: The overexpression of p53 protein and Rb protein may be closely associated with cholangiocarcinogenesis, while bcl-2 has a less crucial role in cholangiocarcinogenesis.
Cholangiocarcinoma* ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Oncogenes ; Retinoblastoma Protein

PURPOSE: This study was designed to identify the possible mechanism of insensitivity of DU145 prostate cancer cells to the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1-mediated growth inhibition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: DU145 cells were treated with 4, 40, 100 pM TGF-beta1 for 3, 6, 9 days. Initially we performed the growth assay. After that, we analysed the change of cell cycle using fluorescence flow cytometry. At each time point, Western blot analysis with cell pellets was performed to investigate the change of expressions of epidermal growth factor(EGF), TGF-alpha, EGF receptor(EGFR) and TGF receptorII(TbetaR-II) proteins. RESULTS: The growth rate of TGF-beta1-treated cells was initially suppressed, but over time returned to control level. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that TGF-beta1-treated cells showed an increase in apoptotic/G1 phases, and concurrent decrease in S, G2/M phases until 6days. On day 9, however, TGF-beta1-treated cells showed a persistent increase of apoptotic unclei in spite of recovery of apoptotic/G1, S and G2/M phases. Western blot analysis showed that the intensity of EGF or TGF-alpha band decreased in dose-sependent manner on day 6. However, the intensity of each band increased up to the control level on day 9. the expression of EGFR or TbetaR-II protein did not change after treatment of TGF-beta1. CONCLUSIONS: these results suggest that EGF and TGF-alpha sould mediate in part the escape fron the inhibitory effect of TGF-beta1 in DU145 cells.
Blotting, Western ; Cell Cycle ; Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Flow Cytometry ; Fluorescence ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Transforming Growth Factor alpha ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; Transforming Growth Factors ; United Nations

We report two cases of biliary papillomatosis, a rare disease which is characterized by multiple, papillary adenomas of the intrahepatic and/or extrahepatic bile ducts. Cases 1 and 2 were a 45-year-old woman and a 61-year-old woman, respectively, with upper abdominal pain. Abdominal computed tomography scan of case 1 revealed a 4-cm sized cystic and solid mass within the dilatated intrahepatic bile duct. Hepatobiliary ultrasonography of case 2 showed dilatation of the main intrahepatic and common bile duct with nonshadowing echogenic material. Soft, friable papillary masses were noted grossly in the dilated intrahepatic bile duct. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of papillary structures, most of which were lined by a layer of tall columnar cells. Complex papillary fronds with pseudostratification, cellular atypia, structural atypia and foci of invasion were noted in case 2. The p53 expression increased in the dysplastic and carcinomatous area and was correlated with the Ki-67 labeling index.
Abdominal Pain ; Adenocarcinoma ; Adenoma ; Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Biliary Tract ; Common Bile Duct ; Dilatation ; Female ; Humans ; Liver ; Middle Aged ; Papilloma* ; Rare Diseases ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is known to be one of the key molecules for tumor invasion and metastasis. MMP-2 activity is modulated through interaction with the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. METHODS: Using immunohistochemical staining, we investigated the expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in 30 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas and 10 normal pancreas. RESULTS: MMP-2 expression was present in tumor cells in 11 cases, and in stromal cells in 24 cases, out of 30 carcinomas. MMP-2 expression of tumor cells was significantly higher in poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas than in well/moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas, and in cases with vascular invasion than in cases without. MMP-2 expression was stronger in the marginal areas than in the central area of the tumor. TIMP-2 expression was detected in the tumor and stromal cells of all carcinomas. MMP-2 and TIMP-2 expression had no significant correlation with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, or TNM stage. MMP-2 expression was not correlated with TIMP-2 expression. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that MMP-2 expression may play an important role in the invasive property of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, whereas TIMP-2 expression increases as a reaction to invasion.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Lymph Nodes ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pancreas ; Pancreatic Ducts* ; Stromal Cells ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2*

PURPOSE: Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) are one of the most common cancers in Korea. The mechanism of HCC development is still unclear, and the aberration of the tumor suppressor genes in HCC remains to be clarified. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To study the expressions of p53 and Rb protein, and their correlation with the clinicopathological parameters in HCC, 68 patients, with surgically resected hepatocellular carcinomas, were analyzed by an immunohistochemical method. The expressions of p53 and Rb protein were classified into three categorizes, depending on the percentage of stained cells. RESULTS: The expression of the p53 protein was 51.5% (35/68), and was significantly correlated with differentiation (p<0.05). The altered Rb protein expression was 72.2% (49/68). The expressions of p53 and altered Rb protein had no significant correlation with the tumor size, gender, WHO histological pattern, cirrhosis or vascular invasion (p>0.05). There was a positive correlation between p53 and Rb protein overexpression (p<0.05). The expressions of p53 and Rb protein had correlation with the Ki-67 labeling index (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest the aberrant expressions of p53 and Rb protein may play a role in the progression and carcinogenesis of HCC.
Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Fibrosis ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Korea ; Retinoblastoma Protein*

Endocrine adrenal tumors are uncommon but clinically significant because they can be managed successfully by surgical therapy. During pregnancy, adrenal tumors can be a cause of death for both mother and baby, unless they diagnoses antenatally and managed properly. To investigate clinical characteristics of endocrine adrenal tumors, we analyzed 26 cases of adrenal tumor diagnosed and managed in Chung Ang Gil Hospital including cases associated with pregnancy and also a rare case of paraganglioma in liver. 1) There were 7 cases of Cushing's syndrome among which two cases were due to Cushing's disease and five cases were due to adrenal adenoma. Six cases were managed successfully by appropriate surgery. Another one case was associated with pregnancy but the patient expired due to sudden development of pulmonary edema and hypotension during preoperative preparation.2) Among 9 cases of primary aldosteronism, 8 cases were aldosterone-producing adenoma(APA) and 1 case was idiopathic hyperaldosteronism(IHA). In differential diagnosis between APA and IHA, diagnostic accuracy of postural study and adrenal CT was 86%, 78% respectively. In each one case of APA and IHA, adrenal venous aldosterone sampling was used for the differential diagnosis. Six cases of APA were managed by appropriate surgery. One patient with APA who refuses surgery and one patient with IHA were placed on spironolactone with good response.3) Among 10 cases of pheochromocytoma, seven cases were from adrenal gland and three cases were paragangliomas including one case originating from liver and two cases from abdominal ganglia. One patient with pheochromocytoma was diagnosed in 1st trimester of pregnancy and she was successfully treated by surgery.We observed 26 cases of endocrine adrenal tumors which were successfully managed except one case. We think that it is important to pay attention to adrenal tumor for early diagnosis particulary when associated with pregnancy. Paraganglioma in liver, although very rare, should be included in the differential diagnosis of space occupying lesion in liver.
Adenoma ; Adrenal Glands ; Aldosterone ; Cause of Death ; Cushing Syndrome ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Early Diagnosis ; Ganglia ; Humans ; Hyperaldosteronism ; Hypotension ; Liver ; Mothers ; Paraganglioma ; Pheochromocytoma ; Pregnancy ; Pulmonary Edema ; Spironolactone