This study evaluated the influence of application time of self-etching primers on microtensile bond strength (microTBS) to dentin using three self-etching primer adhesive systems. Dentin surfaces were exposed from forty-eight human molars. They were conditioned with three self-etching primers (Clearfil SE Bond [SE], Unifil Bond [UF], Tyrian SPE + One Step Plus [TY]) and different primining times (10s, 20s, 30s and 40s). Composite resins were bonded to dentin surfaces and specimens were made. microTBS was tested and statistically compared using by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's Test The results of this study presented that priming time for 10s in SE and UF groups and for 30s and 40s in TY group was highly decreased microTBS to dentin.
Adhesives ; Composite Resins ; Dentin* ; Humans ; Molar

PURPOSE: Hydroxychloroquine has been used as the antimalarial agent and drug of the treatment for autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis. Hydroxychloroquine retinopathy can cause serious visual disturbance although the incidence is low. This report is to describe a case of Hydroxycholoroquine retinopathy on 73 year old female. CASE SUMMARY: A 73 year old female patient presented our clinic with complaints of visual disturbance for several months. She had taking 400 mg/day (8.8 mg/kg of lean body weight/day) of hydroxychloroquine for 2 years. The best corrected visual acuity was 20/30 in both eyes. Bull's eye maculopathy was observed on her fundus examination and Humphrey Automated Visual Field 24-2 showed central scotoma in both eyes. Parafoveal thinning of photoreceptor layers, loss of the inner and outer segment junction and external limiting membrane was observed on spectral domain Optical Coherence Tomography. Window defect was visible at the parafoveal area on fluorescein angiography. Electroretinogram revealed subtle dysfunction of cone cell and multifocal ERG trace array showed decreased amplitudes at the parafoveal area. Electrooculogram showed decreased Arden ratio. CONCLUSIONS: We strongly advise that all patients taking Hydorxycholoroquine therapy have a regular examination to find hydroxychloroquine retinopathy in early stage especially in the patients having high risk factors.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Electrooculography ; Eye ; Female ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Humans ; Hydroxychloroquine ; Incidence ; Membranes ; Risk Factors ; Scotoma ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Fields

Repeated concussion is common among football players; however, these minor blunt head trauma rarely result in serious complications. We report a case of a young college football player who presented acute subdural hematoma, cerebral edema, and seizure due to pseudoaneurysm rupture. The pseudoaneurysm, located at the cortical branch of the middle cerebral artery, was speculated to be formed by dural calcification and adhesion with the underlying brain, possibly due to repeated concussions. Following successful excision of the pseudoaneurysm and control of brain swelling, the patient recovered without sequelae and was discharged after a short while.
Aneurysm, False* ; Athletic Injuries ; Brain ; Brain Edema ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Dura Mater* ; Football* ; Hematoma, Subdural, Acute ; Humans ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Rupture ; Seizures

PURPOSE: To compare the postoperative results between the patient group which used bioabsorbable interference screw and metallic interference screw during ACL reconstruction surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Out of 105 patients for whom the postoperative follow-up was possible for one year, authors took 80 patients who underwent arthroscopic ACL recostruction with bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft between December of 1996 and December of 2000. 60 patients fell into group 1 where the patients received bioabsorbable interference screw for fixation at femur and tibia, and 20 patients were classified as group 2 where the patients received metallic interference screw on both the femur and tibia. KT 2000 arthrometer was performed and Lysholm knee score was taken before and after the operation, and the patients underwent the same examination at 6 weeks. 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after the operation, and the results were compared. RESULT: The average Lysholm knee score of group 1 was 59, and 57 for group 2. During the final follow up examination, the average score improved to 90 for group 1, and group 2. Compared to the healthy side, KT 2000 arthrometer showed the average in group 1 was 6.9 mm and 7.2 mm in group 2 preoperatively, at the final follow up visit after the operation, the value improved to 3.0 mm for both group 1 and 2. Unlike group 2, there were statistically significant relaxation symptoms in group 1 when the exams were performed up until 6 weeks after the operation(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The usage of bioabsorbable interference screw has many advantages. However, unlike metallic interference screw, it shows laxity within 3 months after the operation. Therefore, when using bioabsorbable interference screw, one has to consider the patients'activity, occupation, or life-style.

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term (over 10 years) clinical and radiologic results of LCS (low contact stress, Depuy, USA) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) retrospectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Out of 57 cases who underwent TKA with LCS knee system between June 1994 and August 1995, 33 cases could be analysed clinically and radiographically. Clinical analysis was performed according to flexion contracture, ROM, Knee Society Clinical Rating System (KSCRS) and Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score system. Radiographic analysis was performed according to the roentgenographic evaluation criteria of American Knee Society. Complications and survival rate were evaluated. RESULTS: Average flexion contracture was improved from 10.0degrees preoperatively to 3.7degrees at final followup and average ROM was improved from 104.0degrees preoperatively to 115.3degrees at final follow-up (p<0.05). Average HSS score was improved from 49.5 preoperatively to 80.1 at final follow-up and average KSCRS score was also improved from 77.2 to 152.5. Average tibio-femoral angle was changed from 3.3degrees varus preoperatively to 3.5degrees valgus at final follow-up. There were 4 complications, including infection in two cases and fracture dislocation of polyethylene implant in two cases respectively. Ten year survival rate was 94.1 percent. CONCLUSION: LCS TKA showed excellent results and good survival rate at more than ten years followup. However, more cases should be necessary for statistic significance.
Arthroplasty* ; Contracture ; Dislocations ; Follow-Up Studies ; Knee* ; Polyethylene ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

This study evaluated the marginal microleakage of five single step adhesives. Class V cavity preparations with occlusal margins in enamel and gingival margins in dentin were prepared on both buccal and lingual surfaces of extracted human molar teeth. Prepared teeth were randomly divided into five groups and restored using one of the single step adhesives and composite resins: Prompt L-Pop/Filtek Z-250 (Group 1), AQ Bond/Metafil CX (Group 2), One-Up Bond F/Palfique Toughwell (Group 3), Futurabond/Admira (Group 4), Xeno III/Spectrum TPH (Group 5). The restored teeth were thermocycled. Microleakage was assessed by dye penetration using 2% methylene blue dye solution. The teeth were bisected buccolingually and evaluated for microleakage under steromicroscope. The data were statistically analysed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney tests. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Microleakage of enamel margins in group 3 was statistically higher than that in groups 1, 2, 4, 5 (p < 0.05). 2. Microleakage of dentin margins in group 1 was statistically higher than that in groups 2, 5, and that in group 3 was statistically higher than that in groups 2, 4, 5 (p < 0.05). 3. Dentin marginal microleakage was higher than enamel marginal microleakage in all experimental groups. In conclusion, Prompt L-Pop showed the least leakage at enamel margin, and AQ Bond showed at dentin margin in this study. Marginal miroleakage in dentin was higher than that in enamel.
Adhesives* ; Composite Resins ; Dental Enamel ; Dentin ; Humans ; Methylene Blue ; Molar ; Tooth

We describe a case of secondary hypertension caused by renal arteriovenous fistula. An 8-year old girl was hospitalized with a severe headache, vomiting, and seizure. Renal angiography demonstrated multiple renal arteriovenous fistula and increased blood renin concentration in the left renal vein. Thus, left renal arteriovenous fistula and renin induced secondary hypertension were diagnosed. Her blood pressure was well controlled by medication with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor.
Angiography ; Arteriovenous Fistula ; Blood Pressure ; Headache ; Hypertension ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; Renal Veins ; Renin ; Seizures ; Vomiting