BACKGROUND : DHEAS, the major circulating adrenal hormone, has been suggested to have a role in many aging related diseases and perhaps in aging itself. But, there is no epidemiologic data of DHEAS in normal adults in Korea. We studied age changes and sex differences in serum DHEAS & its related factors throughout adulthood. METHODS : We administ structured questionnaires to the study subjects. We measured serum DHEAS levels and several biochemical markers (total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, glucose etc) in 1.710 healthy men(857) and women (853), aged 17-76 years. We also measured their height, weight, waist & hip circumference and body fat contents with bioimpedance method. We analyzed various variables relating to serum DHEAS levels by using SPSS. Reference data of serum DHEAS level in normal adults were also suggested. RESULTS : The DHEAS concentration peaked at age group blow age of 30 years in man(260.9 microgram/dL). Then mean values declined steadily in both sexes (r=-0.38, p<0.001 in men and r=-0.46, p<0.001 in women). At age group above 70 years, only 30.9% in men & 30.4% in women, when compared with age group below 30 years, was remained. DHEAS concentration were significantly higher in men than women at all age group except age group above 70 years. Average 1.5 times higher concentration in men than in women (at least 1.28 times at age<30 and max 2.00 times at age 60-64). In men, DHEAS had higher mean value in smokers (218.1 vs 199.1 microgram/dL, p<0.05), drinkers (>or=2 times/week, 219.1 vs 185.3 microgram/dL, p<0.01), android type fat distribution group (waist/hip>0.85, 227.1 vs 197.4 microgram/dL) after adjusting age. DHEAS was positively correlated with body mass index (r=0.12, p<0.01). But in women, drinkers (154.3 vs 131.7 microgram/dL, p<0.05) and regular exercise group (146.1 vs 131.6 microgram/dL, p=0.05) had higher mean DHEAS value. There were no significant association between DHEAS and lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol) & fasting glucose level in both sex. CONCLUSION : Our data suggest that DHEAS levels may influenced by several sociodemographic factors (e.g. smoking, alcohol, exercise etc) and body mass index. DHEAS level was inversely correlated by age in both sex and men had 1.5 times higher DHEAS values than women. We could not find any association between DHEAS level and lipid profile & fasting blood sugar.
Adipose Tissue ; Adult ; Aging ; Biomarkers ; Blood Glucose ; Body Mass Index ; Cholesterol ; Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate* ; Dehydroepiandrosterone* ; Fasting ; Female ; Glucose ; Hip ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sex Characteristics* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Triglycerides ; Waist-Hip Ratio

No abstract available.

Congenital lingual cyst is rare and there has been no prior case report about prenatally detected lingual cyst in Korea. When a huge oral cyst is observed at prenatal period and can cause life-threatening airway obstruction at birth, ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure is needed to secure the airway. Herein we present a baby with a prenatally detected huge oral cyst. He was delivered safely assisting EXIT procedure and underwent an operation for resection of the cyst from his tongue. The oral cyst was diagnosed as a lingual cyst with rare histologic type consisting mixed gastrointestinal and respiratory epithelium.
Airway Obstruction ; Korea ; Mouth ; Parturition ; Respiratory Mucosa ; Tongue

Hamartoma of the bladder is quite a rare entity which is composed of a disorderly admixture of mature cellular elements normally present in the urinary bladder. There is a great controversy regarding the pathogenesis of this lesion. Whether it is a true hamartomatous lesion or metaplastic lesion developed secondary to the inflammatory process. Similar or identical lesions has often been given by other names such as florid examples of cystitis glandularis. We prefer to cell florid examples of cystitis glandularis rather than hamartoma when it was occurred in an old age higher then 50th decade. Here we report a case of hamartoma of the urinary bladder in 44 years old man. Cystoscopic examination revealed a papillary polypoid mass which was attached to the fundus of bladder by long stalk. The mass measured 1.5 cm in greatest diameter. It was composed of epithelial nests resembling von Brunn's nest, cystitis glandularis or cystitis cystica dispersed in a stroma rich in smooth muscle and fibrous tissue.
Hamartoma

Objective: To establish a new treatment option for cervico-isthmic pregnancy (CIP) other than termination by maintaining pregnancy from diagnosis to delivery. Methods: This retrospective observational study included women diagnosed with CIP at Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea, from January 2014 to December 2019. Eight patients were diagnosed with CIP using transvaginal ultrasound and met the following inclusion criteria: (1) preserved and closed cervical canal; and (2) more than half of the uterine cavity above the sac was not involved in sac implantation. Five of the eight mothers decided to maintain their pregnancy after an adequate explanation of the possible risks. The same sonographer assessed fetal and maternal status every 1-2 weeks. Intra- and postoperative indicators, delivery information, and neonatal outcomes were also recorded. Results: The mean patient age was 36 years. In all cases, placenta accreta spectrum and placenta previa were detected using preoperative ultrasonography. A hysterectomy was performed in three cases, and all patients required intensive care unit (ICU) care. The mean operative time was 156 minutes. The rate of postpartum hemorrhage was 40%. Four viable fetuses were delivered. Birth preceding 34 weeks occurred in one patient, who required neonatal ICU hospitalization for 19 days. Conclusion Conservative treatment with careful diagnosis, management, and sufficient consultation could be an alternative treatment option in women with CIP, particularly older mothers, those with subfertility, and those who expect to have limited future opportunities for a successful pregnancy. Therefore, CIP should be treated as a separate disease entity.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder affecting 2.4%-22.3% of pregnancies, with notable regional variation. While most women with GDM return to normal glucose tolerance in the postpartum period, they remain at an increased risk of subsequent metabolic complications, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease.Current Concept: The prevalence of GDM has been increasing globally, including in Korea. Women diagnosed with GDM have an elevated risk of adverse outcomes during pregnancy, such as hypertensive disorders, cesarean sections, and fetal macrosomia. Additionally, GDM increases the long-term risks for type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and potentially liver disorders. The growing prevalence of GDM highlights the need for comprehensive surveillance and targeted interventions. Understanding the risk factors, such as lifestyle, ethnicity, maternal age, and pre-pregnancy obesity, is crucial to develop effective prevention and management strategies.Discussion and Conclusion: Addressing the rising GDM trends requires public health efforts to monitor prevalence and mitigate risk factors through lifestyle modifications, early detection, and careful follow-up. Women with a history of GDM are at high risk for cardiometabolic diseases, necessitating proactive postpartum management including regular glucose monitoring and cardiovascular assessments. Establishing tailored preventive strategies and ensuring long-term follow-up for affected women may help reduce the burden of GDM and its associated complications, ultimately improving maternal health and quality of life.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder affecting 2.4%-22.3% of pregnancies, with notable regional variation. While most women with GDM return to normal glucose tolerance in the postpartum period, they remain at an increased risk of subsequent metabolic complications, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease.Current Concept: The prevalence of GDM has been increasing globally, including in Korea. Women diagnosed with GDM have an elevated risk of adverse outcomes during pregnancy, such as hypertensive disorders, cesarean sections, and fetal macrosomia. Additionally, GDM increases the long-term risks for type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and potentially liver disorders. The growing prevalence of GDM highlights the need for comprehensive surveillance and targeted interventions. Understanding the risk factors, such as lifestyle, ethnicity, maternal age, and pre-pregnancy obesity, is crucial to develop effective prevention and management strategies.Discussion and Conclusion: Addressing the rising GDM trends requires public health efforts to monitor prevalence and mitigate risk factors through lifestyle modifications, early detection, and careful follow-up. Women with a history of GDM are at high risk for cardiometabolic diseases, necessitating proactive postpartum management including regular glucose monitoring and cardiovascular assessments. Establishing tailored preventive strategies and ensuring long-term follow-up for affected women may help reduce the burden of GDM and its associated complications, ultimately improving maternal health and quality of life.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder affecting 2.4%-22.3% of pregnancies, with notable regional variation. While most women with GDM return to normal glucose tolerance in the postpartum period, they remain at an increased risk of subsequent metabolic complications, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease.Current Concept: The prevalence of GDM has been increasing globally, including in Korea. Women diagnosed with GDM have an elevated risk of adverse outcomes during pregnancy, such as hypertensive disorders, cesarean sections, and fetal macrosomia. Additionally, GDM increases the long-term risks for type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and potentially liver disorders. The growing prevalence of GDM highlights the need for comprehensive surveillance and targeted interventions. Understanding the risk factors, such as lifestyle, ethnicity, maternal age, and pre-pregnancy obesity, is crucial to develop effective prevention and management strategies.Discussion and Conclusion: Addressing the rising GDM trends requires public health efforts to monitor prevalence and mitigate risk factors through lifestyle modifications, early detection, and careful follow-up. Women with a history of GDM are at high risk for cardiometabolic diseases, necessitating proactive postpartum management including regular glucose monitoring and cardiovascular assessments. Establishing tailored preventive strategies and ensuring long-term follow-up for affected women may help reduce the burden of GDM and its associated complications, ultimately improving maternal health and quality of life.

The fetus papyraceus is a remarkably mumified fetus and the complication is rare in multiple pregnancy. If one fetus of multiple pregnancy died in uterus remote from term and other fetus did not, the fetus with placenta is compressed by the membrane of living fetus in uterus and then the dead fetus becomes a fetus papyraceus. Recently we had experienced two cases of fetus papyraceus in twin pregnancy at our department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keimyung University School of Medicine. We present these cases with brief literatures.
Female ; Fetus* ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Membranes ; Obstetrics ; Placenta ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Multiple ; Pregnancy, Twin* ; Uterus

Background: The prevalence of sleep disorders increases as pregnancy progresses, which affects the health of pregnant women, fetal health, and the outcomes of pregnancy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of sleep and life in pregnant women in Korea. Methods: This study is a prospective cross-sectional, case-control study of pregnant women and age-matched controls. From July to September 2019, all participants completed Korean-language versions of the sleep questionnaires including Pittsburgh sleep quality index (K-PSQI), Insomnia severity index, Epworth sleepiness scale, Back’s depression inventory-2(K-BDI), STOP (Snoring, Tiredness, Observed apneas, and high blood Pressure), and short-form 36 (K-SF-36). Results: A total of 422 participants consisted of 385 pregnant women and 137 controls. Second and third trimester were 200 and 185, respectively. K-PSQI scores were higher in pregnant women compared with the controls (7.87±3.49 and 8.50±3.55 vs. 5.79±2.76, p<0.001). Total score of K-SF-36 was lowest in third trimester (62.07±17.72) and highest in the control group(79.41±13.36). There was no statistical difference between groups in K-BDI. Conclusions This study demonstrated worsening of sleep quality as well as life quality during pregnancy. More attention to sleep of pregnant women is needed.