Objectives: This study analyzed the clinical outcomes of remdesivir treatment in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in South Korea. Methods: This retrospective cohort study involved the secondary analysis of epidemiological data. Among patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from July 2, 2020 to March 23, 2021 (12 AM), 4,868 who received oxygen therapy and were released from isolation after receiving remdesivir treatment were assigned to the treatment group, and 6,068 patients who received oxygen therapy but not remdesivir were assigned to the untreated group. The study subjects included children under the age of 19. The general characteristics and severity were compared between the groups. Differences in the time to death and mortality were also compared. Results: In the untreated group, the hazard ratio [HR] for mortality was 1.59 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40–1.80) among patients aged ≥70 years and 2.32 (95% CI, 2.00–2.69) in patients with severe disease in comparison to the treatment group. In a comparison of survival time among patients with severe disease aged ≥70 years, the HR for mortality before 50 days was 2.09 (95% CI, 1.77–2.46) in the untreated group compared to the treatment group. Conclusion Patients with remdesivir treatment showed better clinical outcomes in this study, but these results should be interpreted with caution since this study was not a fully controlled clinical trial.

Under-occlusion (‘infraocclusion’ as defined in the natural teeth) after implant restoration in the posterior area is commonly encountered in clinical practice;however, it has rarely been reported. Most importantly, the under-occlusion change mechanism remains unknown. The purpose of this case report was to analyze how the dentition of both arches changed in a patient, including teeth tilting, elongation and occlusal plane change with under-occlusion of the posterior implant restoration after long-term function. Based on this, we hypothesized a mechanism of under-occlusion of the posterior implant restoration. Among patients showing the under-occlusion phenomenon, three patients who had a long-term follow-up and had a model produced at the time of restoration were enrolled. The dentition changes were analyzed via digital scanning and superimposition of the model at the time of restoration, with the current model showing under-occlusion. Based on the result of superimposition, tooth elongation occurs mainly in the maxilla, and two types of positional changes occur in the mandible, specifically in the anterior-superior and posteriorinferior direction. The mechanism of under-occlusion of the posterior implant could be the result of tooth elongation and the relative positional change of the mandible.

Under-occlusion (‘infraocclusion’ as defined in the natural teeth) after implant restoration in the posterior area is commonly encountered in clinical practice;however, it has rarely been reported. Most importantly, the under-occlusion change mechanism remains unknown. The purpose of this case report was to analyze how the dentition of both arches changed in a patient, including teeth tilting, elongation and occlusal plane change with under-occlusion of the posterior implant restoration after long-term function. Based on this, we hypothesized a mechanism of under-occlusion of the posterior implant restoration. Among patients showing the under-occlusion phenomenon, three patients who had a long-term follow-up and had a model produced at the time of restoration were enrolled. The dentition changes were analyzed via digital scanning and superimposition of the model at the time of restoration, with the current model showing under-occlusion. Based on the result of superimposition, tooth elongation occurs mainly in the maxilla, and two types of positional changes occur in the mandible, specifically in the anterior-superior and posteriorinferior direction. The mechanism of under-occlusion of the posterior implant could be the result of tooth elongation and the relative positional change of the mandible.

Under-occlusion (‘infraocclusion’ as defined in the natural teeth) after implant restoration in the posterior area is commonly encountered in clinical practice;however, it has rarely been reported. Most importantly, the under-occlusion change mechanism remains unknown. The purpose of this case report was to analyze how the dentition of both arches changed in a patient, including teeth tilting, elongation and occlusal plane change with under-occlusion of the posterior implant restoration after long-term function. Based on this, we hypothesized a mechanism of under-occlusion of the posterior implant restoration. Among patients showing the under-occlusion phenomenon, three patients who had a long-term follow-up and had a model produced at the time of restoration were enrolled. The dentition changes were analyzed via digital scanning and superimposition of the model at the time of restoration, with the current model showing under-occlusion. Based on the result of superimposition, tooth elongation occurs mainly in the maxilla, and two types of positional changes occur in the mandible, specifically in the anterior-superior and posteriorinferior direction. The mechanism of under-occlusion of the posterior implant could be the result of tooth elongation and the relative positional change of the mandible.

Under-occlusion (‘infraocclusion’ as defined in the natural teeth) after implant restoration in the posterior area is commonly encountered in clinical practice;however, it has rarely been reported. Most importantly, the under-occlusion change mechanism remains unknown. The purpose of this case report was to analyze how the dentition of both arches changed in a patient, including teeth tilting, elongation and occlusal plane change with under-occlusion of the posterior implant restoration after long-term function. Based on this, we hypothesized a mechanism of under-occlusion of the posterior implant restoration. Among patients showing the under-occlusion phenomenon, three patients who had a long-term follow-up and had a model produced at the time of restoration were enrolled. The dentition changes were analyzed via digital scanning and superimposition of the model at the time of restoration, with the current model showing under-occlusion. Based on the result of superimposition, tooth elongation occurs mainly in the maxilla, and two types of positional changes occur in the mandible, specifically in the anterior-superior and posteriorinferior direction. The mechanism of under-occlusion of the posterior implant could be the result of tooth elongation and the relative positional change of the mandible.

Under-occlusion (‘infraocclusion’ as defined in the natural teeth) after implant restoration in the posterior area is commonly encountered in clinical practice;however, it has rarely been reported. Most importantly, the under-occlusion change mechanism remains unknown. The purpose of this case report was to analyze how the dentition of both arches changed in a patient, including teeth tilting, elongation and occlusal plane change with under-occlusion of the posterior implant restoration after long-term function. Based on this, we hypothesized a mechanism of under-occlusion of the posterior implant restoration. Among patients showing the under-occlusion phenomenon, three patients who had a long-term follow-up and had a model produced at the time of restoration were enrolled. The dentition changes were analyzed via digital scanning and superimposition of the model at the time of restoration, with the current model showing under-occlusion. Based on the result of superimposition, tooth elongation occurs mainly in the maxilla, and two types of positional changes occur in the mandible, specifically in the anterior-superior and posteriorinferior direction. The mechanism of under-occlusion of the posterior implant could be the result of tooth elongation and the relative positional change of the mandible.

BACKGROUND: Korean national cancer screening program selected fecal occult blood test (FOBT) as a primary screening method of colorectal carcinoma in adult > or =50 yr old irrespective of symptom. Notice to pre-analytical errors is especially important for the FOBT because examinees collect and submit their specimens to laboratories by themselves. We examined the influences of the fecal storage temperatures, durations and with or without buffer on the FOBT results. METHODS: Thirty FOBT-positive specimens above 100 ng/mL were used for the study from July to August 2008. Quantitative FOBT was performed with OC-sensors II (Eiken Chemical Co., Japan). Each specimen was divided into 4 groups. Two groups in plastic buffer-free containers were kept either at 4degrees C or room temperature (25-28degrees C), respectively. Another two groups in buffer-tubes were also kept either at 4degrees C or room temperature. Each group was repeatedly examined with same method every 24 hr up to 120 hr. RESULTS: Eleven specimens (36.7%) in buffer-free containers converted to negative results (below the 100 ng/mL) after 24 hr and 17 specimens (56.7%) did after 48 hr at room temperature. Ten specimens (33.3%) in buffer-free containers converted to negative after 48 hr at 4degrees C. Specimens contained in buffer-tubes showed little change; 3 specimens (10.0%) at room temperature and no specimen at 4degrees C showed negative conversions after 48 hr. CONCLUSIONS: Buffer-tube minimizes false negative FOBT results during pre-analytical delay of specimen. The examinees using buffer-free containers need to be educated to hand in their specimens to laboratories as soon as possible.
Buffers ; Colorectal Neoplasms/*diagnosis ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; *Occult Blood ; *Specimen Handling ; Temperature ; Time Factors

BACKGROUND/AIMS: In Korea, hepatitis C is included as an infectious disease in a sentinel surveillance system. Recently, a large variation in hepatitis C incidence between different regions in Korea has been noticed. The current study verified the nationwide distribution of hepatitis C infection for effective prevention and management. METHODS: We counted the number of hepatitis C patients who visited a hospital per county using the National Health Insurance database from 2007 to 2011. The age-adjusted prevalence ratio was used, and the age adjustment method was used as an indirect standardization method. Disease mapping and spatial analysis were conducted using a geographic information system. RESULTS: The annual prevalence of diagnosed hepatitis C was approximately 0.12% to 0.13% in Korea. The age-adjusted prevalence ratios in Busan, Jeonnam, and Gyeongnam were high (1.75, 1.4, and 1.3, respectively). The three regions in the southern coastal area of the Korean Peninsula were identified as a high-prevalence cluster (Moran's index, 0.3636). CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed that hepatitis C infection has very large regional variation, and there are several high-risk areas. Preventive measures focusing on these areas should be applied to block the transmission of hepatitis C and reduce the disease burden.
Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Hepatitis C, Chronic/*epidemiology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Residence Characteristics ; Risk Factors

This article was published with an error.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the roles of cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, tuberculosis, and their interactions in the risk of lung cancer in a Korean cohort. METHODS: The study subjects comprised 13,150 males and females aged above 20 years old. During the follow up period from 1993 to 2002, 79 lung cancer cases were identified by the central cancer registry and the national death certificate database. Information on cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and the history of physiciandiagnosed tuberculosis was obtained by interview. Indirect chest X-ray findings were also evaluated to ascertain tuberculosis cases. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) after adjusting for age and gender. RESULTS: Cigarette smoking was statistically significantly associated with an increased risk of lung cancer [for current smokers, RR = 2.33 (95% CI = 1.23 - 4.42) compared to non-smokers]. After further adjustment for cigarette smoking, both alcohol consumption and tuberculosis showed no statistically significant association with the risk of lung cancer [for current drinkers, RR = 0.80 (95% CI = 0.48 - 1.33) compared to non-drinkers] [for tuberculosis cases, RR = 1.17 (95% CI = 0.58 - 2.36) compared to noncases]. There was no statistically significant interaction between cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption (pinteraction = 0.38), or cigarette smoking and tuberculosis (p-interaction = 0.74). CONCLUSIONS: Although cigarette smoking was confirmed as a risk factor of lung cancer in this cohort study, this study suggests that alcohol consumption and tuberculosis may not be associated with the risk of lung cancer.
Adult ; Aged ; Alcohol Drinking/*adverse effects ; Cohort Studies ; Educational Status ; Female ; Humans ; Korea/epidemiology ; Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology/*etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Smoking/*adverse effects ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/*complications