OBJECTIVE:To guide the formulation of emergency management plan for pharmacy department and reduce emer-gency risk. METHODS:By the methods of risk integration,considering the frequency and severity of the hazard events,the risk integral value of emergency events was calculated and hazard level was judged. RESULTS:The top three hazard events of pharma-cy department were information system failures (75.21),fire (63.00) and cytotoxic drugs overflow (62.21). All of the above events were moderate risk. According to the results of this evaluation,pharmacy department targeted emergency drills,in order to improve the ability to cope with risks. CONCLUSIONS:In order to improve the ability of facing and dealing hazard events,disas-ter vulnerability analysis is the base of developing and exercising emergency plans.

Astragalus Plant ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Codonopsis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; cytology ; drug effects

It is difficult to est isosorbide 5-mononitrate in biological specimen due to its unsignificant UV absorption and thermal instability. Therefore, uarious methods such as HPLC, GC-ECD, GC-MS and HPLC-MS/MS were established to meet the needs of assay sensitivity and specificity. Research progress in the chromatography is reviewed in this paper.

Fraction absorbed (Fa) is an important parameter to describe the absorption level of oral drugs, and an important basis for the development and optimization of the formulation process. Because it is easily confused with the concept of absolute bioavailability, it has not received enough attention from the industry. There are many complex factors affecting Fa. There are three time-related factors that directly affect the extent of Fa: the release time, the absorption time, and the residence time. The relationship between these three time-related factors determines the extent of Fa. Generally, we are more concerned about the apparent factors that affect the extent of Fa, including independent variables and covariates; The independent variables include administered dose, route, dosage form, etc. The covariates are divided into internal and external factors, and external factors include food factors, drug interactions, etc. Internal causes include age, sex, disease, etc. This paper analyzes and systematically combs how independent variables and covariates directly or indirectly affect the three time-related factors by affecting the body's physiology and internal environment, thus changing the complex process of Fa. Understanding this theoretical framework can better optimize the independent variables to reduce the impact of covariates on Fa. In addition, this paper also introduces the latest progress of prediction and evaluation of Fa, including the progress of complex dissolution device and the status of software prediction.

Objective:To explore effect of relevant training on understanding of theory of naive biology for plant reproduction in 5- and 6-years old,and to attempt to provide demonstration for a debate of different views between domain universality and domain specificity cognitive development.Methods:48 preschoolers who did not comprehend concept of plant reproduction screened from 64 preschoolers ages 5 to 6 were surveyed by clinical method.Half of the 48 children were assigned to intervention group,the other to control group.The effects of intervention were compared by the experimental before-after design.Results:Relevant biological knowledge might widely accelerate 5- and 6-year-olds' understandings for plant reproduction,and 6-year-olds had more enhancement than 5-year-olds.Pass rates of intervention group were more 29.2% than control group in 5 year olds,and more 54.1% in 6 year olds.Conclusion:Acquiring specific knowledge will generally improve preschoolers' cognition on plant reproduction.Children' cognitive development is influenced jointly by both domain-specific and domain-general thinking.

Objective The effect of angiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ) on cardiac hypertrophy were studied in SD rat with different ages. Methods Cardiocyte and cardiac fibroblasts in neonatal SD rat group and 12 months SD rat group were cultured in vitro. In each ages group, control MEM, angⅡ, angⅡantagonist(Losartan) and angⅡ+losartan were administrated respectively. 3 H leu incorporation into cardiocyte and 3 H TdR incorporation into cardiac fibroblasts were measured in neonatal rat group and 12 month rat group. To investigate the effect of cardiac fibroblasts on cardiocyte under the influence of angiotensinⅡ, the supernatant of cultured cardiac fibroblasts with angiotensinⅡ, the supernatant of cultured CBS with losartan and the supernatant of cultured cardiac fibroblasts with angiotensinⅡ and Losartan were added into cultured cardiocyte respectively. 3 H leu incorporation into cardiocyte were tested. Results 10 6 mol/L angⅡcan evidently augment 3 H leu incorporation into cardiocyte ( P

Acupuncture Therapy ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; physiopathology ; therapy

ObjectiveTo investigate the common pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial resistance status in neonatal ward to provide guidance for rational clinical medication. MethodsData of 2306 cases in neonatal ward from July 2008 to June 2010 whose body fluid were cultured with positive results of common bacteria were collected. The change of the bacteria and drug resistance was analyzed. Results Among 10 017 body fluid samples, 80 species consisted of 2306 strains of bacteria were found. Enterobacteria accounted for about 53.8％ (1241/2306), Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae (430/1241, 34.6％) and Escherichia coli (341/1241, 27.5％) were the most common ones,and among which 68.1％(293/430)strains of Klebsiella pneumoniaesubsp.pneumoniae and 59.5 ％ (203/341 ) strains of Escherichia coli were extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producing strains, which were significantly lower than those[78.1％ (118/151) and 82.6％(76/92) respectively]during 2003 to 2005 (U=-2.32 and -4.11, P＜0.05 respectively).Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)detectionrate was 8. 5％(23/272)in Staphylococcus, which was lower than that (17.7％, 15/85) in year 2004 to 2006 (U= -2.4, P＜0. 05). Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphulococcus (MRCNS) detection rate was 63.5％(157/247), which was higher than that (32.6％, 97/298) in year 2004 to 2006(U=7.54,P＜0.05).The common pathogens of nosocomial infection were Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp.pneumoniae,Escherichia coli , Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; while common pathogens of community infection were Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp.pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Multiple drug-resistant infections in hospital were significantly higher than those in community. Drug susceptibility results showed that the resistance of Staphylococcus haemolyticus,Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp.pneumoniae were especially severe.ConclusionsOpportunistic infections and drug resistant strains increased. The increasing of MRCNS and drug-resistant of Acinetobacter baumanniishouldbepaidmore attention.Comprehensive measures might reduce the production of ESBLs bacteria. The choice of antibiotics should be based on drug susceptibility test.

Objective: To investigate the effect of astragalus on the serum levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), renal function and the damage of renal morphology in ischemic acute renal failure (IARF). To study the protective mechanism of astragalus in IARF. Methods: The rats were pretreated with astragalus or vehicle for 3 days. IARF was induced by left renal artery clipping for 60 min, after the right kidney was removed. Biochemical parameters for serum HGF,blood urea nitrogen(BUN),creatinine(Cr) were measured and histological analyses of the kidneys were performed by tubular grading. Results: There have no significant difference between the serum HGF levels of I/R controls and the levels observed in sham-operated group (P > 0.05). Serum HGF levels in astragalus treated group was significantly increased than those of I/R control group(P < 0.01) .After 4 h of I/R, serum levels of BUN and Cr were increased in I/ R control rats compare with Sham-operated rats(P < 0.01). Astragalus treatment reduced the levels elevation(P < 0.05). Simultaneously,. I/R-induced severe damage in renal morphology were significantly ameliorated by astragalus treatment(P < 0.01). Conclusions: Astragalus pretreatment can alleviate the damage of renal function in IARF. It is may be one of the mechanisms of astragalus for protecting renal tissue in IARF that astragalus can induce the expression of HGF.

Objective] To sum up director doctor He Ruoping’s by stages treatment experience in treating bladder cancer. [Method]By learning from director doctor He Ruoping for many years and combining my own clinical experience, from the etiology and pathogenesis, therapeutic principle of TCM syndrome differentiation treatment characteristics, etc, it sums up the teacher He ’s unique feature of by stages treatment of bladder cancer, and with 1 case for detailed explanation. [Result]Teacher He advocating the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine, puts forward the principle of by stages treatment to bladder cancer:treatment of postoperative perfusion stage, treatment of following up stage without perfusion and treatment of palliative transfer stage, and makes prescriptions in line with the characteristics of each stage. [Conclusion] Teacher He ’s by stages treatment to bladder cancer obtains the good curative effect, having enlightenment meaning to clinical practice, with promotion value.