No abstract available.
Fertilization in Vitro* ; Fertilization* ; Humans*

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to make a practical comparative evaluation of the first and second trimesters in order to determine the period during which a higher yield of fetal nucleated red blood cells (FNRBCs) can be obtained. METHODS: NRBCs were isolated from maternal blood during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy using double Percoll gradients with different osmolarities. Magnetic activated cell sorting was performed with Kleihauer-Betke stain. We isolated fetal NRBCs from 10 mL of samples of maternal blood and determined fetal sex and fetal aneuploidy by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). RESULTS: The average number of NRBCs was 9.85 in samples obtained during the first trimester and 14.88 in samples obtained during the second trimester (P=0.07). The average number of NRBCs with Y chromosome signals was 5.73 in the first trimester and 8.22 in second trimester (P=0.56). However, the percentage of NRBCs with Y chromosome signals in the first trimester (70.6%) was significantly higher than in the second trimester (59.8%) (P=0.049). We diagnosed the blood samples from 7 pregnant women having fetal aneuploidy using this method and the number of NRBCs was 18.4. CONCLUSION: The method using Percoll osmolarity and a double density gradient system may be a very useful method for separation of NRBCs in the first trimester of pregnancy and also in the second trimester.
Aneuploidy ; Centrifugation, Density Gradient ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Fluorescence ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Magnetics ; Magnets ; Osmolar Concentration ; Povidone ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second ; Pregnant Women ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Silicon Dioxide ; Y Chromosome

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI) could overcome the defects of oocytes in IVF-ET patients with previous fertilization failure by conventional fertilization technique. Design: Retrospective study Materials and METHODS: A total of 119 ICSI cycles in 57 IVF-ET patients performed from May, 1995 to December, 1997 was enrolled. Subjects were divided into two groups: FR group included 66 ICSI cycles in 35 patients with normal sperm who underwent ICSI due to past history of failed or poor fertilization in the previous IVF-ET cycles, and OAT group included 53 ICSI cycles in 22 patients with severe oligoasthenoterato- zoospermia(OAT) which was defined as sperm concentration < 20 million/ml, mo#dlity < 30% and normal morphology < 4% by strict morphologic criteria. The outcomes of ICSI were analyzed and compared in both groups. RESULTS: The age of female patients, basal serum FSH level, and the numbers of oocytes retrieved and metaphase II oocytes were all comparable in both groups. The fertilization rate after ICSI was similar in both groups(68.7+/-25.3% vs. 67.7+/-24.5%), as were the cleavage rate of normally fertilized oocytes(93.1+/-21.4% vs. 89.3+/-21.6%), the number of embryos transferred(4,00+/-1.98 vs. 4.64+/-2.10), and cumulative embryo score(CES) indicating the quality of embryos(47.3+/-33.2 vs. 54.1+/-33.2). The implantation rate(4.3+/-10.5% vs. 3.8+/-11.0%) and the clinical pregnancy rate per cycle(15.2% vs. 13.2%) were also comparable in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Although it has been shown that there is a higher risk of chromosomal abnormalities in oocytes from IVF-ET patients with pevious failed or poor fertilization, higher implantation and clinical pregnancy rates wer#e not observed in patients with OAT following ICSL Therefore, the functional defect of sperm such as loss of capacitation, defect of aaasome reaction, and abnormality of nucleus decondensation should be also considered in patients with previous failed or poor fertilization.
Avena ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Embryonic Structures ; Female ; Fertilization* ; Humans ; Male* ; Metaphase ; Oocytes ; Pregnancy Rate ; Retrospective Studies ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic ; Spermatozoa*

No abstract available.
Chromosome Aberrations* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Humans ; Male* ; Preimplantation Diagnosis* ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic*

BACKGROUND In contrast to defects of the mandible and mouth floor region, in the defect of maxilla, the availability of firmly attached oral and nasal mucosal linings is needed. In addition to it, in consider of operation field, operating convenience, and esthetics, reconstruction using prelaminated flap is strongly recommended. Therefore we consider the prelaminated flap through the cases that is reconstructed using prelaminated forearm flap and prelaminated scapular flap. PATIENTS AND METHODS From 2001 to 2008, in OMFS SNUDH, there were 6 cases that had reconstruction using prelaminated forearm free flap and other 3 cases that had reconstruction using prelaminated scapular flap of maxilla. The average age of patients that were reconstructed using prelaminated forearm free flap was 47.5 years, the average prelaminated period (after 1st operation ~ until 2nd operation) was 51.8 days and the average follow-up period after 2nd operation was 35.3 months. As well, the average age of patients that were reconstructed using prelaminated scapular free flap was 37 years, the average prelaminated period (after 1st operation ~ until 2nd operation) was 57 days and the average follow-up period after 2nd operation was 42.3 months. RESULTS Except 1 case that were reconstructed using prelaminated scapular flap, we could get firmly attached oral and nasal stable skin(mucosal like) lining, more adequate thickness flap than any other flap and improved esthetic and functional results in the other 8 cases that were reconstructed using prelaminated flap. The complications of the prelaminated forearm flap cases were inconvenient swallowing, sputum, limitation of mouth opening and difficult mastication. It came from flap shrinkage of the flap in some aspect, as well as other combined operations such as mass resection or RND. The difficult point of the reconstruction of prelaminated scapular flap was the possibility of vascular damage at preparation of flap in 2nd surgery. The damage could cause the failure of the prelaminated scapular flap. And the skin-lining of the prelaminated flap had limitations, so it is needed to study about the cultured oral epithelium-lining flap instead of the skin-lining flap. CONCLUSION We considered about advantages, complications and notable things of prelaminated flap through maxillary reconstruction cases using prelaminated forearm flap and prelaminated scapular flap so far. Furthermore, we should go on studying for functional reconstruction of prelaminated fasciomucosal flap using cultured oral epithelium.
Deglutition ; Epithelium ; Esthetics ; Follow-Up Studies ; Forearm ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Humans ; Mandible ; Mastication ; Maxilla ; Mouth ; Mouth Floor ; Porphyrins ; Sputum

BACKGROUND In contrast to defects of the mandible and mouth floor region, in the defect of maxilla, the availability of firmly attached oral and nasal mucosal linings is needed. In addition to it, in consider of operation field, operating convenience, and esthetics, reconstruction using prelaminated flap is strongly recommended. Therefore we consider the prelaminated flap through the cases that is reconstructed using prelaminated forearm flap and prelaminated scapular flap. PATIENTS AND METHODS From 2001 to 2008, in OMFS SNUDH, there were 6 cases that had reconstruction using prelaminated forearm free flap and other 3 cases that had reconstruction using prelaminated scapular flap of maxilla. The average age of patients that were reconstructed using prelaminated forearm free flap was 47.5 years, the average prelaminated period (after 1st operation ~ until 2nd operation) was 51.8 days and the average follow-up period after 2nd operation was 35.3 months. As well, the average age of patients that were reconstructed using prelaminated scapular free flap was 37 years, the average prelaminated period (after 1st operation ~ until 2nd operation) was 57 days and the average follow-up period after 2nd operation was 42.3 months. RESULTS Except 1 case that were reconstructed using prelaminated scapular flap, we could get firmly attached oral and nasal stable skin(mucosal like) lining, more adequate thickness flap than any other flap and improved esthetic and functional results in the other 8 cases that were reconstructed using prelaminated flap. The complications of the prelaminated forearm flap cases were inconvenient swallowing, sputum, limitation of mouth opening and difficult mastication. It came from flap shrinkage of the flap in some aspect, as well as other combined operations such as mass resection or RND. The difficult point of the reconstruction of prelaminated scapular flap was the possibility of vascular damage at preparation of flap in 2nd surgery. The damage could cause the failure of the prelaminated scapular flap. And the skin-lining of the prelaminated flap had limitations, so it is needed to study about the cultured oral epithelium-lining flap instead of the skin-lining flap. CONCLUSION We considered about advantages, complications and notable things of prelaminated flap through maxillary reconstruction cases using prelaminated forearm flap and prelaminated scapular flap so far. Furthermore, we should go on studying for functional reconstruction of prelaminated fasciomucosal flap using cultured oral epithelium.
Deglutition ; Epithelium ; Esthetics ; Follow-Up Studies ; Forearm ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Humans ; Mandible ; Mastication ; Maxilla ; Mouth ; Mouth Floor ; Porphyrins ; Sputum

OBJECTIVES : Administration methods of antibiotics implements a variety for indications and diseases. Therefore, it is impossible to produce a single guideline. Many antibiotics have been prescribed without specific index, by practicians for a long period of time. In general dental practice and oral and maxillofacial surgical practice, there is not a guidelines for antibiotics. Therefore, there is a dependency on pre-existent methods rather than following an exact guideline. Consequently, a controversy was issued that prescription of antibiotics tend to be misused or abused. And it is also direct relation to the tolerance of antibiotics as well. Moving forward, in this review we will be analyzing the exact usage and indication of antibiotics in dental treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS : 29 published articles of both domestic and international were researched through Pubmed and Kormed, and the review from these articles were performed accordingly. We examined the administration of antibiotics through the objective usage, that classified prophylactic and therapeutic. RESULTS : For therapeutic usage, empirical prescription is mandatory for the first step. Next is to moderate the empirical prescription depending upon the result of its culture. Administration of antibiotics must be kept for 2days after the symptoms disappear. For a prophylactic use, we can generally pr escribe antibiotics to prevent local infection or systemic infection. Although the method of prescription and neccessity of antibiotics to prevent local in fection are controversial, exact guidelines of antibiotics to prevent systemic infection are established by AHA. CONCLUSION : Most crucial concept for prescript antibiotics is to determine if it is adequately suitable for all circumstances. In this decision making, a guideline for prescription of antibiotics in various dental surgical practice is necessary. This guideline can reduce the misusage and disusage of a ntibiotics in general dental practices and oral and maxillofacial surgical practices.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Decision Making ; Dependency (Psychology) ; Prescriptions ; Resin Cements

Microscopic anthracotic pigment (MAP) is frequently observed in endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) specimen in non-small cell lung cancer, but its clinical interpretation is not well-known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical implication of MAP in mediastinal staging of non-small cell lung cancer. From May 2010 to July 2011, consecutive potentially operable non-small cell lung cancer patients who underwent EBUS-TBNA for mediastinal staging were recruited. Of the total 133 patients, 102 (76.7%) were male patients. Median age was 68 yr. Total 279 mediastinal lymph nodes were sampled by EBUS-TBNA; station 4R (100, 35.8%) and station 7 (86, 30.8%) were the most common sites. Malignant lymph nodes were 100 (35.8%). MAP was observed in 61 (21.7%) lymph nodes, and among them only 3 were malignant lymph nodes (P < 0.001). The lymph nodes with MAP were smaller (9.0 vs 10.8 mm, P = 0.001) and showed low standard uptake values on FDG-PET (4.4 vs 4.7, P = 0.256). In multivariate analysis, MAP was negatively associated with malignant lymph node (adjusted OR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.03-0.42; P < 0.001). In potentially operable non-small cell lung cancer patients, MAP in endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration specimens is strongly associated with benign mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bronchoscopy ; Carbon/chemistry ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/*pathology ; Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/*pathology ; Lymph Nodes/pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Mediastinal Neoplasms/*pathology ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Positron-Emission Tomography

The proportion of male factor infertility due to quantitative and qualitative sperm disorders is approximately 50-60% in infertile couples. In IVF-ET, lower or failed fertilization of oocytes usually results from subnormal count of total motile sperms, but this may occur in infertile couples even with normal sperm count. It has been suggested that some functional defects in sperms are responsible for lower or failed fertilization. Routine semen analysis based on numerical background has limits for the assessment of fertilization capacity of sperm in infertile males, and the andrologic test for the prediction of fertilization capacity must be objective, repeatable, quick, economic, and easily applicable for the clinical settings. The purposes of this study were to develop the analysis method of strict morphology of sperm using the strict criteria as a simple, inexpensive and useful test of sperm fertilization capacity, to establish the normal fertile range and the cut-off value of strict morphology, and to evaluate the validity of strict morphology as a prognostic indicator of fertilization capacity in IVF-ET. In establishing the effectiveness of strict morphology of sperm, ROC curve was used. Among the various thresholds for the prediction of fertilizing ability, normal morphologic value 10.0 corresponding to the value with higher sensitivity and lesser false positive rates was determined as a cut-off value. Using this cut-off point, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of strict morphology for the prediction of fertilization capacity was 73.9%, 81.0%, 80.6%, and 72.7%, respectively. To evaluate the clinical validity of strict morphology as a prognostic indicator of fertilization capacity, this cut-off point was applied to 133 patients undergoing IVF-ET. For the prediction of fertilization rate >30% in IVF-ET, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV was 77.3%, 77.8%, 87.2%, and 63.6%, respectively. In conclusion, the strict morphology of sperm is one of the most simple and useful test for the assessment of fertilization capacity of sperm and the prediction of IVF-ET outcomes in infertile couples.
Family Characteristics ; Fertilization ; Humans* ; Infertility ; Male ; Oocytes ; ROC Curve ; Semen Analysis ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sperm Count ; Spermatozoa*