Segmental fractures of the femoral shaft result from high energy trauma such as a traffic accident or falls, and it is frequently accompanied by multiple fractures and severe injuries to other organs. Thus it is very difficult to treat these fractures satisfactorily and several complications can be caused. Early operative intervention and rigid fixation is important to mobilize the patient and to ensure early rehabilitation. Nineteen cases of segmental fractures of the femoral shaft were treated with operative intervention(intramedullary nailing) and followed up between May 1989 and Nov. 1993.; minimal follow-up period was more than one year. Results were obtained as follows: 1. The methods of treatment were interlocking intramedullary nailing in 16 cases(colsed nailing in 7 cases, open nailing in 9 cases) and Kiintscher nailing in 3 cases. Bone grafts were done in 11 cases among 19 cases(8 cases in the interlocking nail group). 2. The closed interlocking intramedullary nailing could be obtained in more shortened operation time than in the open method. 3. There was earlier bone union time in the closed intramedullary nailing than in the open method with bone graft, but there was no statistical significance(SPSS/pc+progam). 4. There was a tendency of earlier bone union time in the proximal fracture site than in the distal fracture site.
Accidental Falls ; Accidents, Traffic ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Fractures, Multiple ; Humans ; Methods ; Rehabilitation ; Transplants

BACKGROUND: Cell-cell adhesion in tissue is mainly regulated by hornotypic interaction of cadherin molecules, which are anchored to the cytoskeleton via cytoplasmic proteins, including a-and / 3-catenin. Loss of E-cadherin and catenin have been attributed a pathogenetic role in tumor invasion. METHODS: We examined the expression of E-cadherin and a-catenin in human thyroid carcinoma by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Normal tissue strongly expressed E-cadherin and a-catenin. However, E-cadherin and a-catenin expression were frequently reduced in thyroid carcinoma (E-cadherin: 62.5%, a-catenin: 81.3%). But the expression of E-cadherin and a-catenin in tumors with metastatic spreading were not different with tumors without metastasis. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that reduced E-eadherin and a-catenin expression may be a sensitive marker for disturbance in the adhesive function of the junctional complex, but further evaluation with more cases is needed for confirmation of the result of the same degree of expression in tumors with metastasis.
Adhesives ; Cadherins* ; Cytoplasm ; Cytoskeleton ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms*

OBJECTIVES: This research was intended to investigate the relationship between manganese and malodndialdehyde concentration in tissues of rats exposed to maganese chloride. METHODS: The study groups were 12 manganese treated rats and 9 control rats. Manganese treated rats were given intraperitoneally manganese chloride (Mn, 4 mg/kg) daily for a period of 30 days except Sunday. Control rats were injected 1ml of saline. The plasma manganese concentrations of rats were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The tissue manganese concentration was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Malondialdehyde, the product of lipid peroxidation was determined by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. The plasma malondialdehyde was determined by gas chromatography with mass-detector. Protein concentration was quantified by ultraviolet-visible spectrometry and was used for the compensation of tissue malondialdehyde and manganese concentration. RESULTS: Manganese concentrations of plasma, brain, liver, and pancreas were very significantly higher in the manganese-treated rats than in the control rats. Malondialdehyde concentration of plasma, brain, and pacrease were significantly higher in the manganese-treated rats than in the control rats. The concentration of malondialdehyde was correlated with manganese levels in plasma, brain and pancreas. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained as above, it was concluded that the malondialdehyde, product of lipid peroxidation was related to the cell death due to dosing excess manganese.
Absorption ; Animals ; Brain ; Cell Death ; Chromatography, Gas ; Compensation and Redress ; Graphite ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Liver ; Malondialdehyde* ; Manganese* ; Pancreas ; Plasma ; Rats* ; Spectrophotometry ; Spectrum Analysis

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the factors associated with symptoms from job stress among Korean dental laboratory technicians. METHODS: We collected the data of 786 technicians for life-style, job stressor, social support, self-esteem, personality, and various dimension of stress symptoms included roomatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, and hostility by self-administerd questionnaire. Global severity index of dental technician (GSID) was calculated by total sum of sub-dimension. RESULTS: We used 80 percentile as a cut-off point, and got the 81.5 % of sensitivity, 86.1 % of specificity by receiver operating characteristic curve. The odds ratios of various factors in high group of GSID compared with low group were 1,49(95 % Cl 1.00-2.00) for smoker, 1,53 (1.06-2.21) for unhealthy group, 6,69 (4.74-9.44) for work overload, 8.34(5.82-11.97) for work demand, 9.89 (6.76-74.94) for work process, 8.27 (5.80-11,79) for work environment, 5.82 (4.04-8.39) for interpersonal relationship, 8.34 (5.82-11.97) for occupational conflict, 5.70 (4.04-8.04) for labor remuneration, 7.58 (5.37-10.71) for role conflict, but 0.39 (0.27-0.57) for social support, 0.41 (0.29-0.60) for self-esteem. By multiple logistic regression, factors were significantly associated with GSID were age, working area, role overload, work demand, work procedure, physical environment, occupational conflict, role conflict, social support, personality traits. CONCLUSIONS: Factors associated with symptoms from stress were role overload, work demand, work procedure, occupational conflict, interpersonal relationship, labor remuneration and role conflict in Korean dental laboratory technicians. It is suggested that health promotion program to reduce job stress and to enforce social support and self-esteem should be developed.
Anxiety ; Dental Technicians ; Depression ; Health Promotion ; Hostility ; Humans ; Laboratories, Dental* ; Logistic Models ; Odds Ratio ; Questionnaires ; Remuneration ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity

The carpal tunnel syndromes is one of the most common peripheral nerve entrapment syndromes. The typical symptoms are pain, numbness and paresthesia in the median nerve territory of the hand. Recently, it is widely recognized that occupational factor is regarded as the important cause of the carpal tunnel syndrome. Clinical study is performed in the 42 female workers who is repetitively working at packing department in a rayon manufacturing factory from November 1991 till March 1992. The study included a questionnaire, physical examinations, and the neurophysiological test. The summary of the results obtained was as follows: 1. Among 42 packing workers, 9 workers(21.4%) were diagnosed as carpal tunnel syndrome by electromyography. The affected side was bilateral in 4 workers(9.5%), right in 4 workers(9.5%), and left in one worker(2.4%). 2. Among 42 subjects, 28 workers(66.7%) complained the clinical symptoms related to carpal tunnel syndrome, 11 workers(26.2%) showed positive Phalen sign, and 7 workers(16.7%) showed positive Tinel sign. 3. Researchers regard electromyographic finding as the gold standard for diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. The sensitivity and specificity of the clinical symptoms to diagnose the carpal tunnel syndrome were 0.89, 0.39 respectively. If the carpal tunnel syndrome is diagnosed by the combination of the positive findings of the symptoms and the physical examinations, either Tinel of Phalen sign, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.67 and 0.76 respectively. Considering above results, though this small number of worker is not adequate for epidemiologic conclusions, carpal tunnel syndrome seems to be an important occupational disorder among packing workers in a rayon manufacturing factory.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome* ; Diagnosis ; Electromyography ; Female ; Fibrinogen ; Hand ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Median Nerve ; Occupations ; Paresthesia ; Peripheral Nerves ; Physical Examination ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sensitivity and Specificity

No abstract available.
Hemorrhage*

No abstract available.
Esophageal and Gastric Varices*

BACKGROUND: Uterine leiomyoma is the most common pelvic tumor, occurring in 20-25% of women in reproductive age. Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) has been reognized as a temporary medical management for this disorder. The etiology of these tumors is unknown but it has been shown that the insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I, IGF-II) are promoters of growth in nongynecologic tumors. Several recent studies have suggested the possible role of IGFs in human leiomyoma growth. The IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) are believed to modulate actions of IGF and to have IGF-independent actions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the type of IGF and IGFBP which may be involved in leiomyoma growth and to investigate a possible IGF related mechanism of action of GnRHa. METHOD: The IGFs and IGFBPs were measured by double antibody radioimmunoassay, western ligand blot and immunoprecipitation in the tissue cytosols of normal uterine myometria (n=15), nontumorous myometria adjacent to a leiomyoma and leiomyoma from patients nontreated (n=15) and treated (n=10) with GnRHa. RESULTS: The mean IGF-I and IGF-II level were significantly higher in leiomyoma from untreated patients than in the adjacent myometrium and normal myometrium but no significant differences in these IGF levels between normal myometrium and adjacent myometrium were noted. The IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3 and 26kDa IGFBP were detected variably but IGFBP-4 was consistently present in all tissues. There were no significant differences in the relative intensity for IGFBP-4 and the frequency of IGFBPs between leiomyoma, adjacent myometrium and normal myometrium from untreated patients. The IGF-I, IGF-II levels and the relative intensity of IGFBP-4 in leiomyoma from GnRHa-treated patients were significantly lower than those in untreated patients, but these levels in the adjacent myometrium were comparable. The frequency of each IGFBP in leiomyoma and the adjacent myornetrium from GnRHa-treated patients did not significantly differ from untreated patients. CONCLUSION: Both IGF-I and IGF-II are involved in the growth of leiomyoma and GnRHa may in part act to decrease size of leiomyoma by regulating the local levels of IGF-I, IGF-II and IGFBP-4.
Animals ; Cytosol ; Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Humans ; Immunoprecipitation ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2 ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 4 ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II ; Leiomyoma* ; Mice ; Myometrium ; Radioimmunoassay ; Somatomedins*

To search the effective antisense oligonucleotide that inhibit the growth of Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), six kinds of phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (S-ODNs) were synthesized and the antiviral activity was assessed by measuring cytopathic effect in Vero cells infected with HSV-1. Of the three dodecamer S-ODNs, cornplernentary to the translation initiation site of IE2 (AS2) and scrambled S-ODN (AS1) showed more significant antiherpetic activity than AS4 complementary to the IE4. Accordingly, the antiviral effect of dodecamer S-ODN was not specific. In contrast to the no inhibitory effect of sense strand S-ODN of ICP8 (AS6), two S-ODNs complementary to the translation initiation site of ICP8 (AS3) and that of IE1 (AS5) showed potent antiherpetic activity assessed in vitro HSV-1 virus yield assay. Antiherpetic effect of AS3 was decreased in proportion to the addition of AS6. The synthesis of viral protein ICPS and IE1 were inhibited in AS3 and AS5 treated HSV-1 infected Vero cells, respectively. These findings suggest that antiherpetic effect of AS3 is specifically mediated by targeting ICPS. S-ODNs had no effect on Vero cell viability. The data suggest that the 19-mer S-ODNs may be effective in antiviral chemotherapy.
Drug Therapy ; Herpes Simplex* ; Herpesvirus 1, Human ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides* ; Simplexvirus* ; Vero Cells

No abstract available.
Exophthalmos* ; Orbit* ; Osteotomy*