Re-188 is suitable for endovascular liquid-balloon brachytherapy for the prevention of restenosis after angioplasty. Re-188 was concentrated to 3700 MBq/ml and labeled with DTPA. According to dosimetric calculation, it took 420 seconds using Re-188 solution with concentration of 3700 MBq/ml to irradiate 17.6 Gy to the target at 1 mm from the balloon surface. Software was made to estimate the irradiation time. MIRD calculation with dynamic bladder model yielded the whole body dose of Re-188-DTPA as 0.005mGy/MBq in case of balloon rupture and release of the whole amount into the blood.
Angioplasty ; Brachytherapy ; Pentetic Acid ; Rupture ; Urinary Bladder

No abstract available.
Dentigerous Cyst*

Parasomnias induced by hypnosedatives are rare but serious side effect. Such parasomnias have not been reported with all hypnosedatives. However, frequent use of hypnosedatives, particularly nonbenzodiazepine receptor agonists is associated with parasomnias. Associated symptoms are sleep eating, sleepwalking with object manipulation, sleep conversations, sleep driving, sleep sex and sleep shopping etc. Mechanisms include high affinity for GABAA receptor, interruption of the consolidation phase of memory formation by drug, pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic drug-drug interaction and concomitant administration with alcohol. Managements for parasomnias induced by hypnosedatives involve stopping medication, switch to other medications or nonpharmacological treatment, lowest effective dose of NBRAs (Non-Benzodiazepine Receptor Agonists), taking into consideration drug-drug interactions, identification and treatment of underlying disease states.
Eating ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Memory ; Parasomnias ; Somnambulism

Schizophrenia is a chronic, currently incurable, and devastating syndrome. Although sleep disturbances are not primary symptoms of schizophrenia, they are important aspects of schizophrenia. Difficulties initiating or maintaining sleep are frequently encountered in patients with schizophrenia. Many schizophrenics report low subjective sleep quality. Measured by polysomnography, increased sleep latency as well as reduced total sleep time, sleep efficiency, slow wave sleep, and rapid eye movement sleep latency (REM latency), are found in most patients with schizophrenia and appear to be an important aspect of the pathophysiology of this disorder. Some literatures suggest that worsening sleep quality precedes schizophrenic exacerbations. Co-morbid sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and restless legs syndrome (RLS), and sleep-disrupting behaviors associated with schizophrenia may lead to sleep disturbances. Clinicians should screen the patient with sleep complaints for primary sleep disorders like OSA and RLS, and carefully evaluate sleep hygiene behaviors of all patients with schizophrenia who complain of sleep disturbances.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Polysomnography ; Restless Legs Syndrome ; Schizophrenia ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; Sleep, REM

It is generally known that the renal function is significantly decreased immediately after renal transplantation. However, there is no literature concerning the influence of vascular factor such as thrombus formation and narrowing of the vascular lumen due to its anastomosis on the renal functions following kidney transplantation. As an attempt to dissociate the effect of vascular factors from the immediate functional capacity after transplantation. the author studied the various renal function after clamping the renal artery and perfusing the kidney for 45 minutes while avoiding injury to the renal pedicle as much as possible. Then the recovery pattern of renal function was observed for 2 weeks. In every phase of the experiment (immediately, 1,3,7, and 14 days after the clamping and perfusion) various renal functions of the experimental kidney (left kidney) were compared with that of the normal kidney (right kidney). The results are summarized briefly as follows: 1. Hemodynamic changes such as glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow were decreased to approximately 65~75% of the control kidney by 7 days after the experiment and then recovered to the values of the normal kidney. 2. Tubular reabsorption of water and electrolytes were reduced in the experimental kidney until the 7th day after the procedures, but these decreases were improved to nearly normal 2 weeks after the renal artery clamping and perfusion. This reduction of tubular reabsorption capacity is considered to be brought by ischemia-induced tubular damage 3. The extraction ratio of PAH was significantly dropped to about 50% of the normal at 3 days after the experiment, then it recovered almost to normal at 14 days after the procedures. In addition total renal plasma flow calculated from C(pah)/E(pah) was almost identical in both kidneys except in the 3 days group which showed a significant increase in the experimental kidney. This finding suggested that postocclusive reactive hyperemia developed. 4. The above mentioned results showed that renal functions after renal artery clamping and perfusion of the kidney with cold (4 degrees C) solution were decreased significantly by the 7th followed with almost normal recovery 2 weeks after the experiment. It was suggested that the period of recovery of renal function was shortened by cold perfusion of the kidney, and day and vascular factors did not influence significantly on the decrease in renal functions after renal transplantation.
Animals ; Constriction ; Dogs* ; Electrolytes ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Hyperemia ; Kidney Transplantation ; Kidney* ; Perfusion* ; Renal Artery ; Renal Plasma Flow ; Thrombosis ; Water

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Hepatitis C* ; Hepatitis*

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by identity and interpersonal problem, affective dysregulation and pervasive severe impulsivity. Although sleep disturbances are not primary symptoms of BPD, they are important aspects of this disorder. However, clinicians and researchers did not give much attention to the sleep symptoms of BPD yet. Measured by nocturnal polysomnography, increased sleep latency as well as reduced total sleep time and sleep efficiency, and 'depression-like' REM abnormalities (i.e., reduced REM latency and increased REM density) are found in BPD patients. Co-morbid sleep disorders such as chronic insomnia, nightmare disorder or circadian rhythm sleep disorder associated with BPD have been reported. Clinicians should focus on the sleep complaints of BPD patients, and carefully manage such symptoms with sleep hygiene education, cognitive psychotherapy or light therapy.
Borderline Personality Disorder ; Circadian Rhythm ; Cognitive Therapy ; Dreams ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Phototherapy ; Polysomnography ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders

This research aimed to evaluate the oral hygiene status in fixed orthodontic appliance patients when using two different slim bristles toothbrushes and to assess patients’ toothbrush perception. Twenty six fixed orthodontic appliance patients participated in the six weeks prospective, crossover clinical trial. All patients used two different slim bristles toothbrushes (Toothbrush A and Toothbrush B) for two weeks each with a washout period in between. Gingival health and plaque value were assessed based on Lӧe & Silness Gingival Index and Silness & Lӧe Plaque Index at baseline, week 2, week 4 (washout) and week 6. At the end of the trial, patients’ toothbrush perception was assessed through questionnaire. All data were analysed using SPSS version 22. The mean age of the patients was 21.5 ± 4.3 years, with female predominant (n= 17, 65.4%). More than half were Malay (n= 15, 57.7%) and had tertiary education (n=14, 53.8%). Patients could achieve good oral hygiene when using Toothbrush A (65.4%) and Toothbrush B (69.2%). However, the occurrence of gingivitis was significantly higher when using Toothbrush A (OR=1.889, 95% CI=1.207-2.957, p value < 0.05). Toothbrush B was felt to clean better (n= 14, 53.8%) while Toothbrush A was perceived to be easier to use (n=14, 53.8%). Both toothbrushes maintained patients’ oral hygiene status. However, when using Toothbrush B, oral health status was better as it significantly reduced gingivitis occurrence compared to Toothbrush A. As for the toothbrush perception, most patients preferred Toothbrush A to be taken home.

Hypercalcemia complicating the treatment of fractures is occasionally seen by the orthopedic surgeon. That this complication can occur in immobilized patients with pre-existing metabolic and bone diseases, such as Pagets disease, hyperparathyroidism, multiple myeloma, and the like is well established. It is less well recognized, however, that hypercalcemia can complicate immobilization in patients with no evidence of pre-existing metabolic and bone diseases. The calcium mobilization from the skeleton following immobilization is reflected clinically hypercalciuria, but significant elevation of serum calcium level does not generally occur in normal persons in complete bed rest or in patients with no pre-existing metabolic or bone diseases who are immobilized in the body cast for treatment of fractures. In order to ascertain the above facts, following experiments were carried out in 24 patients who were immobilized after fracture or operation. In each patient, calcium and phosphate levels in serum and 24-hour urine were determined both before and 20 to 30 days after immobilization. The results obtained are summerized as follows; 1) Calcium levels in both serum and 24-hour urine are increased following immobilization, the mean value being 1.17mg percent and 168. 6mg, respectively, with no concomitant increase of phosphate in serum and 24-hour urine. 2) It is also suggested that the amounts of increase in calcium levels in serum and urine are influenced solely by the extent of immobilization and not dependent upon the presence or abscence of pre-existing bone diseases or age.
Bed Rest ; Bone Diseases ; Calcium ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia ; Hypercalciuria ; Hyperparathyroidism ; Immobilization ; Multiple Myeloma ; Orthopedics ; Skeleton

Porphyromonas gingivalis has been implicated in adult periodontitis. A 75-kDa major outer membrane protein of P. gingivalis is an immunodominant antigen and is often associated with fimbrial proteins during its purification. The present study was performed to generate monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the 75-kDa protein and characterize the protein and the MAbs. Kight-week-old BALB/c mice were immunized with the partially purified 75-kDa protein from P. gingivalis 2561. Spleen cells of the mice were hybridized with SP2/0 Ag-14 mouse myeloma cells and then fused with polyethylene glyeol 3400. Hybrid cells surviving hypoxanthine/aminopterin/thymidine medium were tested for antibody secretion by ELISA. Positive clones were subcloned by limiting dilution and then three subclones were obtained. The subclones were injected peritoneally into Pristane-primed mice to produce MAbs. Immunoreactivity of the MAbs was confirmed by an immunoblot analysis. In the immunoblot using a partially denatured crude 75-kDa protein preparation as an antigen, the 75-kDa protein reacting with the MAbs revealed a ladder- like pattern which has been known as a characteristic of a native polymeric form of fimbriae. The intervals of the ladders, however, were different from those of fimbrial protein. The MAbs also recognized the completely denatured 75-kDa protein. Immunogold localization using IgG fraction of the MAbs demonstrated that the gold particles were deposited on globules on the surface of P. gingivalis 2561, but not on fimbriae. These results suggest that the 75-kDa protein is antigenically different from fimbrial protein and in nature, is not associated with, but may be physicochemically associated with the fimbrial protein during extraction and purification procedures for these proteins. Immunoreactivity of these 3 MAbs was tested by immunoblot using sonic extracts from various P. gingivalis strains. All the MAbs reacted only with the strains having proteins in their sonic extracts with a molecular mass of 75 kDa, but failed to recognize the strains having proteins with molecular masses of 61, 61.5, 76, and 78 kDa. These results indicate that strains of P. gingivalis have antigenically different major outer membrane proteins and the MAbs in the present study might have been raised against the same common, exposed immunodominant epitope in the 75-kDa proteins.
Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal* ; Chronic Periodontitis ; Clone Cells ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Hybrid Cells ; Immunoglobulin G ; Membrane Proteins* ; Membranes* ; Mice ; Polyethylene ; Polymers ; Porphyromonas gingivalis* ; Porphyromonas* ; Spleen