Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) relies primarily on the presence of accumulated lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium (PRE) cells. It has emerged as a valuable tool to detect and evaluate the viability and structural changes of the RPE in live. As a non-invasive, repeatable, simple and efficient means of detection. FAF imaging can provide information of RPE structure and function to assistant the diagnosis of many retinal diseases with other conventional fundus imaging technologies. With quantitative analysis and complementary analysis with other fundus imaging technologies, the FAF features of different retinal diseases will be further understood. This knowledge will not only extend the reasonable and unique clinical applications of FAF, but also will contribute to the understanding the pathogenesis and improving the treatment of many retinal diseases.

Objective To evaluate the quantity,category and the distribution of health resources of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)in order to advise on optimizing TCM service system.Methods Based on the concept of agglomeration degree,this paper compared and analyzed the agglomeration of TCM resources in terms of medical institutions,their beds and medical workers.Results Currently the agglomeration degree of TCM health resources is found to be low,as TCM medical institutions tend to be small,with most of them being TCM clinics.Conclusions To rationalize the distribution of TCM medical resources,we must increase financial input and provide supportive policies,actively encourage healthy development of TCM medical institutions,strength TCM medical service system development in areas of poor TCM resources.

This paper deals with the process of the reform and development of the social medical insurance scheme in urban China and the reasons for reform. At the same time, the paper presents the model of financing new urban employees' medical insurance in China.

Objective To establish the evaluation system and explore the possible impact factors for public interest nature in public hospitals. Methods One hundred and twenty-five public hospitals in Zhejiang Province were served as sample hospitals, and related data of year 2004 to year 2006 were collected. The Delphi expert investigation method, variation coefficient method and TOPSIS method were employed to screen the impact factors for public interest nature and build up the evaluation system for public hospitals, and stepwise regression analysis was conducted for possible impact factors of public interest nature. Results The evaluation system mainly included five aspects of quantity, quality, efficiency, mean charge of medical service and social satisfaction to public hospitals. The two most important factors that influenced the public interest nature were the number of beds and the number of equipments valued above 10 000 RMB. Conclusion The hospital scale is the most important impact factor for the nature of public interest in public hospitals. Therefore, the scale of public hospitals should be properly designed so as to ensure the public interest nature in public hospitals.

Objective To determine the quantitative indices of conservative treatment for perforation of peptic ulcer. Methods The clinical data of 321 patients admitted from 1990 to1999 were analyzed retrospectively. Score was obtained according to patients' age, extension of abdominal pain, time of perforation, fever,abdominal paracentisis,free air of abdominal cavity, etc.Results Conservative treatment was given to 85 patients who scored ≤ 2, of whom 81 (95.2%) recovered.In 22 patients who scored 3, 16 (72.7%) recovered.In 8 patients who scored 4, 2 (25.0%) recovered.Conclusions If the perforating ulcer patients scored less than 2, conservative treatment should be given.For those who scored 3, conservative treatment can be given for the first 24h,and then whether to continue conservative treatment or change to operation should be considered according to patients' condition.For patients scored ≥ 4 , an operation should be performed as soon as possible.

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model (PBPK), a mechanistic mathematic model, which can simulate the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs, is being more widely used in pharmaceutical research and development areas. This article reviews primarily the recent advances in the procedure of establishing a PBPK model, including specifying of the PBPK model structure, specification of the tissue model, writing of equations, set of model parameters, simulation and evaluation. Application significance, major challenges and future developments of PBPK model in pharmaceutical areas are also discussed.

Objective:To create a convenient, quick and personalized upgrade application (APP) based on current Pocket Shengjing hospital mobile medical APP.Methods: To establish the best suitable mobile terminal APP to patient by using smartphone and mobile internet technique.Result: A series of new function, such as appointed register at any time before diagnosis, anticipated waiting time during diagnosis, enquiry of detection after diagnosis, different kind of payment during diagnosis, healthy information net among family members and effective control for broken appointment of patient, were achieved by the upgrade mobile medical APP. It also can optimize the process of diagnosis, reduce waiting time, increase outpatient service effective and improve satisfaction of patient for outpatient serviceConclusion: The upgrade mobile medical APP is a more practical and convenience software, and it can improve medical treatment process and provide convenient condition for medical service based on the perspective of patient.

Objective To analyze the inter-provincial utilization efficiency of health resources and master the differences between these regions so as to rationalize the allocation of such resources.Methods This paper called into play the data envelopment analysis to survey the efficiency of interprovincial health resourcas utilization,and the Malmquist productivity index method for further breakdown of the total factor productivity.Results Years 2003 to 2008 averaged an yearly growth of 6.8% for the total factor productivity of health resources in 31 provinces;the rate of technological progress was positive,while the annual rate averaged 5.2%;a slight growth of technical efficiency at the growth rate of 1.5%.Conclusion Years 2003 to 2008 saw an increase of varying extent in the total factor productivity,yet an insufficient utilization of health technology in the provinces in general.Compared to the efficiency of the central provinces,low efficiency was found in both the eastern and western regions in China.The westem regions made a faster progress in technology utilization,thus narrowing the gap of health resources among the provinces.

Dysfunction of microRNA (miRNA) is associated with occurrence and development of tumor.MiRNA are very stable in blood serum,significantly tumor-related and tissue-specific.The detection of serum miRNA is convenient,little-invasive and fast,and then serum miRNA can be used as a new biomarker for tumor diagnosis.

Objective To analyse the economies of scale in public hospitals in Zhejiang Province. Methods One hundred and twenty-five public hospitals in Zhejiang Province with qualification no less than class two level two were selected as sample hospitals. Douglas production function was employed to analyse the relationship between investment and output in sample hospitals between 2004 to 2006, with two types of production models established by medical service and incomes in hospitals as dependent variables. Results From 2004 to 2006, the medical service and incomes of sample hospitals were in line with economies of scale. The production increase rate was higher than investment increase rate. The medical service, incomes, total assets and number of staff in class three hospitals were higher than those in class two hospitals (P =0.000). Conclusion Economies of scale is the ultimate incentive to continuous outstretch for hospitals. Hospitals should rationally control the scale so as to avoid problems in medical service caused by overstretch.