This paper deals with the process of the reform and development of the social medical insurance scheme in urban China and the reasons for reform. At the same time, the paper presents the model of financing new urban employees' medical insurance in China.

Objective To evaluate the quantity,category and the distribution of health resources of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)in order to advise on optimizing TCM service system.Methods Based on the concept of agglomeration degree,this paper compared and analyzed the agglomeration of TCM resources in terms of medical institutions,their beds and medical workers.Results Currently the agglomeration degree of TCM health resources is found to be low,as TCM medical institutions tend to be small,with most of them being TCM clinics.Conclusions To rationalize the distribution of TCM medical resources,we must increase financial input and provide supportive policies,actively encourage healthy development of TCM medical institutions,strength TCM medical service system development in areas of poor TCM resources.

Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) relies primarily on the presence of accumulated lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium (PRE) cells. It has emerged as a valuable tool to detect and evaluate the viability and structural changes of the RPE in live. As a non-invasive, repeatable, simple and efficient means of detection. FAF imaging can provide information of RPE structure and function to assistant the diagnosis of many retinal diseases with other conventional fundus imaging technologies. With quantitative analysis and complementary analysis with other fundus imaging technologies, the FAF features of different retinal diseases will be further understood. This knowledge will not only extend the reasonable and unique clinical applications of FAF, but also will contribute to the understanding the pathogenesis and improving the treatment of many retinal diseases.

Oral cancer is one of the most common malignant tumor of the head and neck.Passive targeting is a targeted therapy for initial treatment of oral cancer,which is not always effective.In order to achieve better targeted therapy on oral cancer,researchers have turned to the study of active targeting with nano drug delivery system in recent years.With this treatment,nanoparticles are attached to the surface of the target molecules,and combine with specific expression or overexpression receptor on the surface of tumor cell to achieve target.This delivery system can transport anticancer drugs directed at the lesion site and achieve the purpose of reducing adverse drug reaction and increasing treatment efficacy.Targeted chemotherapy is increasing being used in the treatment of oral cancer.

Insufficient financial investments and insufficient raised funds are a common dilemma in mental health service worldwide .The primary sources of mental health financing worldwide are taxes , social insurance , and out-of-pocket expenditure by the patient or family .Government plays the primary role in fund raising .China has a low level of mental health service and poor equity in mental health financing as well as irrational allocation of funds . Mental health financing system in China should be improved by adding the financing system into mental health law and the outline of the central mental health work while making it clear that government , especially central govern-ment, is the main subject of mental health financing .Community mental health should also have the priority over fund allocation in order to increase the efficiency of raising funds .

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model (PBPK), a mechanistic mathematic model, which can simulate the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs, is being more widely used in pharmaceutical research and development areas. This article reviews primarily the recent advances in the procedure of establishing a PBPK model, including specifying of the PBPK model structure, specification of the tissue model, writing of equations, set of model parameters, simulation and evaluation. Application significance, major challenges and future developments of PBPK model in pharmaceutical areas are also discussed.

The present study deals with the histochemistry of intramural plexus in stomach, duodenum, ileum, caecum, proximal colon, distal colon and rectum of normal adult guinea pig, including the reaction of Mg~(++)-ATPase, Ca~(++)-ATPase, CCO, SDH, G6PDH, carbohydrate, protein, nucleic acid and lipid in the enteric neurons. The reactions of all the enzymes mentioned above are observed under the light microscope and estimated semiquantitatively, among which, Mg~(++)-ATPase and Ca~(++)-ATPase are measured quantitatively with microphotometer (Leitz MPV II). Both results of light microscope, and microphotometer were analysed statistically. It was found that the above mentioned enzyme activities in the enteric neurons, suggesting that the neurons carry out active metabolism with these concerned enzymes. There were significant differences in some enzyme activities between myenteric plexus and submucous plexus, the former showed higher activity in SDH, while the latter in LDH, G6PDH, and two kinds of ATPase. It is suggested that there are some differences in. the major metabolic manner of carbohydrate, energy metabolism and functional activity between, two plexus. Besides, there were marked difference in enzyme activities among myenteric plexus of different part of digestive tract, the highest activity was showed in duodenum and proximal colon, the lowest was in caecum. These results indicate that enteric neurons differ greatly in functional state, but whether or not the variation of enzyme activities is related with the different types of neurons is unknown.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of radiation pericarditis. Methods From 1982 to 1994, 3582 patients with esophageal carcinoma in the lower or midthoracic segment received radiotherapy. Twenty-five(0.69%) of them developed pericardial effusion in 1.5 - 9.0 years after radiation. One was carcinomatous effusion, whereas the other 24 patients were diagnosed as having radiation pericarditis and treated with pericardiocentesis,cortical hormone,anti-inflammatory drugs and hydragogue diuresis,and so on.Results With managment,pericardial effusion disappeared gradually in 24 patients. Up to now, 12 patients have died: four of constrictive pericarditis, four of metastasis and another four of unknown reasons.The other 12 patients are still alive.Conclusions Due to the possiblility of developing radiation pericarditis, though rare the area on the heart to be irradiated when giving radiotherapy to middle and lower segment esophageal cancer should be kept minimal. Malignant pericardial effusion should be ruled out by tapping and cytology. Pericardioocentesis,corticosteroids and other conservative management are effective. Pericardiolysis or percardiectomy is indicated when recessary.

Objective To analyse the economies of scale in public hospitals in Zhejiang Province. Methods One hundred and twenty-five public hospitals in Zhejiang Province with qualification no less than class two level two were selected as sample hospitals. Douglas production function was employed to analyse the relationship between investment and output in sample hospitals between 2004 to 2006, with two types of production models established by medical service and incomes in hospitals as dependent variables. Results From 2004 to 2006, the medical service and incomes of sample hospitals were in line with economies of scale. The production increase rate was higher than investment increase rate. The medical service, incomes, total assets and number of staff in class three hospitals were higher than those in class two hospitals (P =0.000). Conclusion Economies of scale is the ultimate incentive to continuous outstretch for hospitals. Hospitals should rationally control the scale so as to avoid problems in medical service caused by overstretch.

Dysfunction of microRNA (miRNA) is associated with occurrence and development of tumor.MiRNA are very stable in blood serum,significantly tumor-related and tissue-specific.The detection of serum miRNA is convenient,little-invasive and fast,and then serum miRNA can be used as a new biomarker for tumor diagnosis.