A new method to reconstruct a thumb was worked out in the past few years. It was achieved by inverting the skin flap of the amputated thumb stump and suturing it to an island-shaped skin flap with nerves and vessels from the dorsum of the index finger. A piece of artificial bone was inserted between the two skin flaps into the first phalanx. The operative procedure was described in detail and the indications, advantages and disadvantages of this method were discussed. It is suggested that this method be used to reconstruct a thumb since it is simple and effective.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of total organic acid of Thladiantha dubia fruit(TOATF)on coagulation time and hemorheology of rats with cold coagulation and blood stasis. METHODS:60 rats were randomly divided in normal control group (water),model control group (water),aspirin group (positive drug,50 mg/kg) and TOATF low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose groups(50,100,200 mg/kg)with 10 rats in each group. Except for normal control group,cold coagulation and blood stasis model was induced by 4 ℃ water bath and subcutaneous injection of adrenaline hydrochloride,and then given correspon-dence medicine intragastrically,once a day,for consecutive 14 d. 24 h after last administration,blood samples were collected from aorta abdominalis. The coagulating time(CT),erythrocrit(HCT),plasma viscosity(PV),prothrombin time(PT),thrombin time (TT),activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT),platelet aggregation rate (PAR) and whole blood low-shear,middle-shear and high-shear viscosity were measured and blood sedimentation equation K value was calculated. RESULTS:Compared with nor-mal control group,CT,PT,TT and APTT of model control group were shortened,and HCT,PV,blood sedimentation equation K value,PAR and whole blood low-shear,middle-shear and high-shear viscosity increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with model control group,CT,PT and APTT prolonged in aspirin group and TOATF medium-dose and high-dose groups,and PAR de-creased;PT of treatment groups prolonged,while HCT,PV,blood sedimentation equation K value and whole blood low-shear and middle-shear viscosity decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:TOATF has obvious improvement effects on anticoagula-tion and hemorheology in rats with cold coagulation and blood stasis.

Objective To investigate the effects of Additive Foshousan(AFSS) on the serum levels of estradiol and progesterone in rats with primary dysmenorrhea. Methods SD rats were divided into six groups, each 10. Group 1 was normal control , groups 2,3 and 4 were treated with low, middle and high dose of AFSS(0.75, 1.5 and 3.0 g/kg) respectively, group 5 as positive controls was treated with Yuanhuzhitong tablets (1 mg/kg)and group 6 served as model control. Except the normal control group, all rats were injected diethylstilbestrol and oxytocin to establish primary dysmenorrhea model. The levels of estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P) in rats serum was determined by ELISA method and the ratio of E2/P was calculated. Results In middle and high dose of AFSS groups, the level of E2(48.27±6.42)pg/L,(47.51±7.03)pg/L respectively were lower than that in model group(54.47±9.12)pg/L and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). In low dose of AFSS group, the level of E2 was(50.83±6.26)pg/L and the difference was no statistically significant compared with model group. In all doses of AFSS groups,The content of P(687.41±21.14)ng/L, (720.47±41.03)ng/L, (719.78±32.01)ng/L respectively were higher than that in the model control group (667.32±46.51)ng/L and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05 or<0.01). In middle and high dose of AFSS groups, the content of P were higher than that of Yuanhu-Zhitong tablets group(699.31±36.31)and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion To reduce the content of E2, increase of P the content and decrease ratio of E2/P is one of the mechanism for AFSS to treat primary dysmenorrhea.

Objective To introduce a new design of interlocking system which is easy in use, makes the distal fracture fragments well aligned and rigidly fixated, reduces exposure to radiation for the surgeon and patient, and allows for a decrease in operating time. Methods The new interlocking system was designed to be a self-locking nail with bevels (b-SLN). According to the bevel principle, the axial force of the nail should be turned into a transverse force so as to control the transverse nail's movement. 10 dry-bone simples were made into the fracture model of the middle-femur to test the prototype nail. The retention of the nail in the intramedullary cavity was evaluated by the radiogram. The mechanical properties of a simulated model of single leg loading were tested on the instron-1342 type MTS. Results The prototype nail performed well as designed. The process was stable and reliable. The retention in the intramedullary cavity was fine. The shearing force between the transverse nail and main nail was enough to cut anything around them. The mechanical properties of b-SLN were similar to those of the Grosse-Kempf nail, better than auto fork compress locked intramedullary nail, and much better than MHUA nail and Ender's nail. Conclusions The structure of b-SLN is simple and reliable. There is no focus-point under stress. Its biomechanic properties are satisfactory. It is easy to use with no need of fluoroscopes in the operating theatre.

Objective To investigate the effects of adefovir resistance related mutations in hepatitis B virus (HBV) reverse transcription (RT) region on the viral replication and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) secretion. Methods Twelve adefovir treated chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients who experienced a viral breakthrough were enrolled in this study. The RT region was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using HBV DNA extracted from sera as the template. PCR products were then sequenced and analyzed to find out mutation patterns. Full-length HBV genome was amplified from 4 representative serum samples followed by direct sequencing. The dominant strain was cloned into vector PHY106 to construct a recombinant plasmid containing the 1.1 unit of HBV genome Which was transfected into Huh7 cells. HBsAg and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) expression were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), meanwhile intracellular HBV DNA level was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Furthermore strain harboring rtA181T/sW172 · mutation and strain without rtA181 mutation were cotransfected into Huh7 cells. HBsAg and intracellular HBV DNA were also determined after transfection. Results Ten out the 12 patients enrolled in this study exhibited mutations conferring resistance to adefovir. The rtA181T mutation was detected in 5 cases, and the rtA181T/S+rtN236T mutation was observed in 4 cases. Different mutants showed variable HBsAg secretion competency in vitro. Despite the defect of HBsAg secretion of the rtA181T/sW172 · mutant, the replication efficiency was almost the same in different mutants. When the strains with and without rtA181 mutation were cotranfected into cells, the HBsAg level increased in accordance with the amount of stains without rtA181 mutation. However, the intracellular HBV DNA level was not changed significantly. Conclusions The rtA181 mutation is common in patients with adefovir resistance, of which the rtA181T mutation is the major pattern. In vitro analysis reveals that the rtA181T/sW172 · mutant is defective in HBsAg secretion which could be rescued by coexistence of wild-type strains. The replication efficiency in various mutants shows no obvious differences.

Objective To compare the effects of different extracts of Rheum palmatum on weight and tissue structure of hypothalamusand and pituitary of adult female rats,and screen the main reproductive toxicity extract.Methods The water,chloroform,ethyl acetate,and n-butanol extracts and water-soluble substance of R.palmatum were prepared by polarity gradient extraction method.Female adult rats were randomly divided into blank control group,rhubarb water extract group,and different extracts groups.The dosage of all the groups was equivalent to 4.00 g/kg crude rhubarb.Rats were administered with extracts by gavage for 60 d.Body mass growth rate of rats were calculated before and after administration.The pathological changes of hypothalamic arcuate nucleus neurons and pituitary gonadal cell were observed with light microscope.Results Compared with the blank control group,the body mass growth rate of rhubarb water extract group was decreased (P ＜ 0.05),while those in the different extracts groups were increased (P ＜ 0.01);The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus neurons of rhubarb water extract group showed chromatin marginalization,nissl substance dissolving,fuzzy boundary of nuclear membrane,as well as hell cells,and the total number of adenohypophysis cells reduced and the cells arranged in irregular.However,there were no apparent pathologic changes in different extracts groups.Conclusion Rhubarb water extract administration by long-term dose can reduce weight growth rate and result in pathologic changes of hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and adenohypophysis,while the different extracts can increase weight growth rate significantly and have little effects on the organizational structure ofhypothalamic arcuate nucleus and adenohypophysis.

Objective To establish a novel and convenient method to study the phenotype of drug resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) isolates,and to analyze the drug susceptibility by replacing the reverse transcriptase (RT) domain of wild-type HBV with that of the drug resistant HBV isolates.Methods Full length of HBV isolates was amplified and cloned from the sera of patients prior to nucleoside/nucleotide analogues (NA) treatment.Wild-type full-length HBV genomes was used to construct the recombinant expression plasmids PHY536207 (genotype B) and PHY97 (genotype C).The restriction enzyme sites were introduced in the upstream and downstream region of reverse transeription (RT) domain to construct plasmid,which were named as mPHY536207 and mPHY97,respectively.Lamivudine (LAM) resistant mutant and adefovir (ADV) resistant mutant were isolated and cloned to construct recombinant expression plasmids PHY634 and PHY6923,respectively.Subsequently,the RT domain of mPHY536207 was replaced by that of drug resistant mutant to construct the plasmids RT634 (LAM-resistant) and RT6923 (ADVresistant).The HBV constructs were transfected into Huh7 cells.The HBsAg levels in supernatant were determined by enzyme-linked immunosobent assay (ELISA),and the amount of intracellular HBV DNA was assayed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analysis.Results The plasmids PHY536207 and PHY97 containing genotype B and genotype C wild-type fulllength HBV genomes were constructed successfully,both of which could replicate in Huh7 cells.Intracellular HBV DNA extracted from cells in each of six-well culture plates was more than 1 × 107 copy/ mL,and the introduction of Pst Ⅰ restriction enzyme site did not affect the viral replication and HBsAg secretion.PHY634 and RT634,in which mutant RT domain was replaced into a wild type HBV expressing vector,exhibited the same HBV DNA replication under the treatment with different doses of LAM,the value of 50％ inhibitory concentration (IC50) was ＞100 μmol/L,while the IC50 of mPHY536207 was 0.18μmol/L.Moreover,wild-type isolate was sensitive to ADV (IC50 =1.2 μmol/L),while PHY6923 and RT6923 were resistant to ADV treatment (IC50 ＞100 μmol/L).Conclusion The phenotypic assay is successfully developed in this study based on replacing RT domain of wild-type HBV strains with that of clinical isolated drug resistant strain.

In order to clarify the chemical constituents in Qiliqiangxin capsule, a rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography/orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS(E)) method was established. Forty peaks were identified on line using this method. The herbal sources of these peaks were assigned. The results implied that triterpenoid saponins, flavonoid glycosides, C21-steroids and phenolic acids were included in the main components of Qiliqiangxin capsule. The method is simple and rapid for elucidation of the constituents of Qiliqiangxin capsule and the results are useful for the quality control of Qiliqiangxin capsule.

s E in Beijing belong to HEV genotype Ⅳ.

In order to eliminate the intrinsic noise due to special structure of the wrist, a new curve fitting algorithm based on singular value decomposition (SVD) was developed to increase the measurement accuracy. This algorithm could be subdivided into SVD and curve fitting algorithm (SCFA). SVD was used to extract the dominant component of oscillation waves at wrist. Then oscillation amplitudes of dominant component and cuff pressure were used to determine arterial blood pressure (ABP) with curve fitting algorithm. To test the performance of SCFA, 45 subjects underwent the ABP measurement with different methods. The correlation coefficient between the pooled blood pressure measured by the auscultation and those by SCFA was 0.96. Comparison the results of SCFA with those of traditional curve fitting algorithm (TCFA), we found that the proposed SCFA could be used to reduce the partial intrinsic interference and efficiently improve the accuracy of the ABP at wrist.
Algorithms ; Blood Pressure Determination ; instrumentation ; Humans ; Oscillometry ; instrumentation ; Wrist