CD80 is mainly expressed on Ag-presenting cells (APCs) as a costimulatory molecule but is also detected on T cells. However, the origin and physiological role of CD80 on CD8⁺ T cells remain unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that effector and memory CD8⁺ T cells, but not naïve CD8⁺ T cells, displayed CD80 molecules on their surfaces after acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. Using adoptive transfer of CD80-knockout (KO) CD8⁺ T cells into a wild type or CD80-KO recipient, we demonstrated that the effector CD8⁺ T cells displayed CD80 by both intrinsic expression and extrinsic acquisition, while memory CD8⁺ T cells displayed CD80 only by extrinsic acquisition. Interestingly, the extrinsic acquisition of CD80 by CD8⁺ T cells was observed only in the lymphoid organs but not in the periphery, indicating the trogocytosis of CD80 molecules via interaction between CD8⁺ T cells and APCs. We compared the recall immune responses by memory CD8⁺ T cells that either extrinsically acquired CD80 or were deficient in CD80, and found that CD80, presented by memory CD8⁺ T cells, played a role in limiting their expansion and IL-2 production upon exposure to secondary challenge. Our study presents the in vivo dynamics of the extrinsic acquisition of CD80 by Ag-specific CD8⁺ T cells and its role in the regulation of recall immune responses in memory CD8+ T cells.
Adoptive Transfer ; Antigens, CD80 ; Interleukin-2 ; Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus ; Memory ; T-Lymphocytes

Portomesenteric vein thrombosis is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening complication associated with laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. We present the case of a 26-year-old male who underwent an uneventful laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and presented on postoperative day 14 with portomesenteric vein thrombosis. The patient was treated conservatively with IV heparinization, followed by an oral anticoagulant agent. He was discharged in stable condition without further problems. A high index of suspicion for the disease is required not to miss or delay the diagnosis of portomesenteric vein thrombosis which could lead to a fatal outcome. All patients should be screened beforehand for underlying hypercoagulability before surgery.

“Chronic pain after spinal surgery” (CPSS) is a nonspecific term for cases in which the end result of surgery generally does not meet the preoperative expectations of the patient and surgeon. This term has replaced the previous term i.e., failed back surgery syndrome. CPSS is challenging for both patients and doctors. Despite advancements in surgical techniques and technologies, a subset of patients continue to experience persistent or recurrent pain postoperatively. This review provides an overview of the multimodal management for CPSS, ranging from conservative management to revision surgery. Drawing on recent research and clinical experience, we aimed to offer insights into the diverse strategies available to improve the quality of life of CPSS patients.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Sleep disturbance is prime concern in patients with Behcet disease. The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of sleep quality, in Korean patients suffering from Behcet disease. We further investigated the relationship between depression, quality of life and the clinical findings of Behcet disease. METHODS: The study was performed by the cross-sectional design. Sleep quality was assessed by the Korean version of Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). Disease activity of Behcet disease was evaluated by Behcet disease current activity form (BDCAF). Depression was assessed by the Korean version of Beck depression inventory second edition (BDI-2). Quality of life was assessed by the Korean version of the Leeds Behcet disease quality of life measure (BDQoL). RESULTS: Among the 100 patients studied, 42% reported poor sleep quality (PSQI ≥ 9). These patients have a higher BDI-2, total BDCAF and pain visual analogue scale (VAS) score (p < 0.001, p = 0.022, and p = 0.005). Considering BDCAF, the frequency of genital ulcer was significantly higher (p = 0.01). Behcet was higher in females. The BDQoL was lower in poor sleeper group (p = 0.004 and p < 0.001). Among 7 PSQI components, daytime dysfunction was higher in patients with high disease activity (p = 0.03). Total PSQI score were strongly correlated with BDCAF, BDI-2, BDQoL, and pain VAS score (p = 0.02, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Low sleep quality is directly associated with disease activity, depression, and quality of life in Korean patients with Behcet disease.
Behcet Syndrome* ; Depression* ; Female ; Humans ; Quality of Life* ; Ulcer

During virus infection, T cells must be adapted to activation and lineage differentiation states via metabolic reprogramming. Whereas effector CD8⁺ T cells preferentially use glycolysis for their rapid proliferation, memory CD8⁺ T cells utilize oxidative phosphorylation for their homeostatic maintenance. Particularly, enhanced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity promotes the memory T cell response through different pathways. However, the level of AMPK activation required for optimal memory T cell differentiation remains unclear. A new metformin derivative, IM156, formerly known as HL156A, has been reported to ameliorate various types of fibrosis and inhibit in vitro and in vivo tumors by inducing AMPK activation more potently than metformin. Here, we evaluated the in vivo effects of IM156 on antigen-specific CD8⁺ T cells during their effector and memory differentiation after acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. Unexpectedly, our results showed that in vivo treatment of IM156 exacerbated the memory differentiation of virus-specific CD8⁺ T cells, resulting in an increase in short-lived effector cells but decrease in memory precursor effector cells. Thus, IM156 treatment impaired the function of virus-specific memory CD8⁺ T cells, indicating that excessive AMPK activation weakens memory T cell differentiation, thereby suppressing recall immune responses. This study suggests that metabolic reprogramming of antigen-specific CD8⁺ T cells by regulating the AMPK pathway should be carefully performed and managed to improve the efficacy of T cell vaccine.
AMP-Activated Protein Kinases ; Cell Differentiation ; Fibrosis ; Glycolysis ; Immunologic Memory ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus ; Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis ; Memory ; Metformin ; Oxidative Phosphorylation ; T-Lymphocytes