1.A Case of Pigmented Epidermal Cyst with Dense Collection of Melanin.
Jiyun JUNG ; Minkyung LEE ; Jimin HA ; Eunbyul CHO ; Eunjoo PARK ; Kwangho KIM ; Kwangjoong KIM
Korean Journal of Dermatology 2016;54(9):751-753
No abstract available.
Epidermal Cyst*
;
Melanins*
2.Zolpidem-Induced Complex Sleep-Related Behavior
Journal of the Korean Society of Biological Therapies in Psychiatry 2021;27(2):89-96
Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic agent as an agonist of the GABA A benzodiazepine receptor. Zolpidem is considered to have lower abuse and dependence potential than benzodiazepines, and is widely used for the shortterm treatment of insomnia. However, the complex sleep-related behaviors caused by zolpidem have recently emerged as a major challenge. The purpose of this study was to review zolpidem-induced complex sleep-related behaviors and one of the most commonly reported behaviors, sleep-related eating disorder. The risk factors for these complex sleep-related behaviors are female sex, advanced age, daily doses of 10 mg or more, alcohol consumption, and comorbid medical illnesses. Strategies for managing zolpidem-induced complex sleep-related behaviors; discontinuing the use of zolpidem, switching to different sedative-hypnotic drugs, treating patients with other classes of medications, and using non-pharmacological treatment strategies for patients with sleep disorder. These strategies should also include examining drug regimens for potential drug interactions that may predispose patients to experiencing complex behaviors, administering zolpidem appropriately, and selecting patients more carefully for treatment in terms of their likelihood of experiencing medication-related adverse reactions. In conclusion, complex sleep-related behaviors related to zolpidem should be considered adverse drug reactions prior to drug prescription, and a patient’s potential risk factors should be evaluated. Physicians should pay attention to the occurrence of abnormal behavioral adverse effects related to zolpidem.
3.Autonomic Dysfunction in Patients With Dementia
Journal of Korean Geriatric Psychiatry 2021;25(2):57-64
Autonomic dysfunction commonly occurs in patients with dementia and is typically reported in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and Lewy body dementia. The clinical presentation of autonomic dysfunction includes symptoms related to orthostatic hypotension (manifested as dizziness, falls, and syncope, etc.), constipation, and urinary tract symptoms. Non- pharmacological management of orthostatic hypotension should include bolus water drinking. Pharmacological management includes the administration of midodrine (selective α1-adrenoceptor agonist), droxidopa (norepinephrine prodrug), or atomoxetine (selective noradrenaline reup-take inhibitor). Management of constipation includes the administration of probiotics, osmotic laxatives (e.g. macrogol), and type-2 chloride channel activators (e.g. lubiprostone), and management of urinary tract symptoms includes the administration of mirabegron (selective β 3-adrenergic receptor). Autonomic dysfunction interferes with daily activities and negatively affects patients’ and caregivers’ quality of life. Therefore, early diagnosis of autonomic dysfunction and prompt initiation of optimal treatment are important to improve patients’ quality of life and prognosis.
4.Zolpidem-Induced Complex Sleep-Related Behavior
Journal of the Korean Society of Biological Therapies in Psychiatry 2021;27(2):89-96
Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic agent as an agonist of the GABA A benzodiazepine receptor. Zolpidem is considered to have lower abuse and dependence potential than benzodiazepines, and is widely used for the shortterm treatment of insomnia. However, the complex sleep-related behaviors caused by zolpidem have recently emerged as a major challenge. The purpose of this study was to review zolpidem-induced complex sleep-related behaviors and one of the most commonly reported behaviors, sleep-related eating disorder. The risk factors for these complex sleep-related behaviors are female sex, advanced age, daily doses of 10 mg or more, alcohol consumption, and comorbid medical illnesses. Strategies for managing zolpidem-induced complex sleep-related behaviors; discontinuing the use of zolpidem, switching to different sedative-hypnotic drugs, treating patients with other classes of medications, and using non-pharmacological treatment strategies for patients with sleep disorder. These strategies should also include examining drug regimens for potential drug interactions that may predispose patients to experiencing complex behaviors, administering zolpidem appropriately, and selecting patients more carefully for treatment in terms of their likelihood of experiencing medication-related adverse reactions. In conclusion, complex sleep-related behaviors related to zolpidem should be considered adverse drug reactions prior to drug prescription, and a patient’s potential risk factors should be evaluated. Physicians should pay attention to the occurrence of abnormal behavioral adverse effects related to zolpidem.
5.Confounding by Indication in Studies of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Psychiatry Investigation 2022;19(11):873-883
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are used worldwide as the first-line pharmacological treatment for depression. Although SSRI use can increase the risk of suicide, fractures, and infertility, the nature of these relationships is controversial. This review reports confounding by indication and confounding by severity for SSRI side effects in previously published observational studies. The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched for English-language articles published from 2005 to 2022. SSRIs are often prescribed for depressive symptoms, and depression is associated with an increased risk of side effects. Therefore, confounding by indication, whereby patients are selected for a particular treatment depending on their diagnosis or severity of illness, may lead to erroneous treatment conclusions, resulting in an adverse outcome. The side effects of SSRIs that can be considered due to confounding by indication or severity include suicide, fractures, infertility, atrial fibrillation, stroke, autism spectrum disorder, and congenital malformation. When prescribing SSRIs for depression, physicians must consider confounding by indication and severity in the management of side effects. In addition, medication discontinuation should be carefully considered when side effects occur during the treatment.
6.Malignant Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor Presenting as an Extra-Articular Superficial Soft-Tissue Mass in a Knee
Jimin LEE ; In Sook LEE ; You Seon SONG ; Jeung Il KIM ; Kyung Un CHOI
Journal of the Korean Radiological Society 2022;83(2):406-413
Malignant tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TsGCT) is a rare disease that can arise as a recurrent lesion or co-exist with a benign TsGCT lesion. Here we report a rare case of malignant TsGCT in a 73-year-old male with a history of lymphoma. The tumor appeared as a superficial soft-tissue mass in the subcutaneous fat tissue of the left knee.
7.Comparative Study on Climacteric Symptoms, Knowledge of Menopause and Menopausal Management of Middle Aged Women between Urban and Rural Areas.
Hyeonok JU ; Jimin SEO ; Jinhee HWANG ; Hyoungsook PARK ; Ennam LEE ; Sunkyung HWANG
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing 2005;11(1):27-37
PURPOSE: This study compared climacteric symptoms, knowledge of menopause and menopausal management of middle aged women living in urban and rural areas. METHOD: The study subjects included 287 women aged 40-64 years in P city and G town. The instruments used in this study were a climacteric symptoms scale and knowledge of menopause and a menopausal management scale. Data was analyzed with SPSS Win 10.0. RESULT: The mean age of middle-aged women living in urban areas was 47.9 years and that of women in rural areas was 48.0 years. The mean score of the climacteric symptoms of middle-aged women living in urban and rural areas was 48.8 and 50.4 respectively, and was not significantly different. The mean score of the knowledge of menopause of middle-aged women living in urban areas was higher than that of women in rural areas (p=.017). In addition, the mean score of the menopausal management of middle-aged women living in rural areas was higher than that of women in urban areas. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that not only general characteristics but also living areas should be considered in developing nursing interventions to manage the climacteric symptoms of middle aged women.
Climacteric*
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Menopause*
;
Middle Aged*
;
Nursing
8.Clinical Efficacy of HPV DNA Chip Test in the Era of HPV Vaccination: 1,211 Cases, A Single Institution Study.
The Korean Journal of Laboratory Medicine 2008;28(1):70-78
BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) prophylactic vaccines, bivalent types for HPV-16/18 with 70% prophylactic expectation, have been developed based on the genotypes found prevalent in the western countries, but little is known for those in Korea. Using a DNA chip test, we evaluated the clinical efficacy of HPV genotype based on cervical abnormalities. METHODS: As the initial diagnostic tests, HPV DNA chip tests and Papanicolaou smear (PAP) were used for 1,211 subjects. Cervical colposcopy directed biopsies were performed for 626 among the 1,211 subjects within one month. RESULTS: The most frequently found genotypes in all HPV-positive specimens (n=445) were HPV-16 (22.0%), 58 (13.9%), 52 (11.0%), 51 (9.0%), 56 (8.5%), and 18 (7.2%). HPV prevalence was significantly higher in specimens where PAP and biopsy results were closer to malignancy. The HPV genotype distribution of the histologically confirmed cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) or carcinoma cases showed HPV-16, 58, 52, 18, and 33, in descending order. The HPV DNA chip sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for the detection of cervical HSIL or carcinoma were 76.9%, 70.1%, 72.1%, and 75.8%, respectively, Of these, the sensitivity and NPV were higher than those of PAP. PPV and NPV of HPV-16 were 90.5% and 60.7%, respectively, being the highest among the genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed that HPV-16 genotype was also very important for the diagnosis of HSIL and cervical carcinoma in Korea. However, contrary to the findings in the western countries, the prevalence of HPV-58 was higher than that of HPV-18. Moreover, as the other HPV genotype reports were rare in Korea, further studies are required with the HPV DNA chip test before the nationwide adoption of the vaccines.
Adolescent
;
Adult
;
Aged
;
Colposcopy
;
DNA, Viral/analysis/isolation & purification
;
Female
;
Genotype
;
Humans
;
Middle Aged
;
*Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
;
Papillomaviridae/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification
;
Papillomavirus Infections/*diagnosis/epidemiology/virology
;
Papillomavirus Vaccines
;
Polymerase Chain Reaction
;
Reproducibility of Results
;
Sensitivity and Specificity
;
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*diagnosis/prevention & control/virology
;
Vaginal Smears/methods
;
Young Adult
9.Recent Advances in Endoscopic Papillectomy for Ampulla of Vater Tumors: Endoscopic Ultrasonography, Intraductal Ultrasonography, and Pancreatic Stent Placement.
Jimin HAN ; Dong Wook LEE ; Ho Gak KIM
Clinical Endoscopy 2015;48(1):24-30
Since it was first described nearly three decades ago, endoscopic papillectomy (EP) has been utilized as a less invasive, alternative therapy for adenoma of the major duodenal papilla. In this article, we review the recent advances in EP, especially those pertaining to endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS), and pancreatic stent placement for the prevention of postpapillectomy pancreatitis. Because EUS and IDUS have similar diagnostic accuracies, either modality can be used for the preprocedural evaluation of ampullary tumors. Nevertheless, further technical refinements are required for a more precise evaluation. Given the paucity of data on the usefulness of EUS and/or IDUS during follow-up after EP, a well-designed study is warranted. Furthermore, pancreatic stent placement appears to have a protective effect against postpapillectomy pancreatitis; however, a prospective, randomized, controlled study with a larger number of patients is needed to assess this finding. Moreover, since pancreatic stent placement after EP is not always successful, various novel techniques have been developed to ensure reliable stent placement. Despite the recent advances in EP, further technical refinements and studies are needed to confirm their efficacy.
Adenoma
;
Ampulla of Vater*
;
Endosonography*
;
Follow-Up Studies
;
Humans
;
Pancreatitis
;
Stents*
;
Ultrasonography*
10.Endoscopic management of anastomotic stricture after living-donor liver transplantation
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine 2019;34(2):261-268
The most effective and fundamental treatment for end-stage liver disease is liver transplantation. Deceased-donor liver transplantation has been performed for many of these cases. However, living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) has emerged as an alternative because it enables timely procurement of the donor organ. The success rate of LDLT has been improved by development of the surgical technique, use of immunosuppressant drugs, and accumulation of post-transplantation care experience. However, the occurrence of biliary stricture after LDLT remains a problem. This article reviews the pathogenesis, diagnosis, endoscopic management, and long-term outcomes of post-liver transplantation biliary stricture, with a focus on anastomotic stricture.