No abstract available.
Bile* ; Cholecystectomy*

Autoimmune pancreatitis is a rare type of chronic pancreatitis. Unlike chronic pancreatitis caused by other causes, autoimmune pancreatitis is characterized by a dramatic response to corticosteroid and immunomodulator therapy. Two most widely used drugs for treatment of autoimmune pancreatitis are corticosteroid and immunomodulators. Corticosteroid is the first line drug for autoimmune pancreatitis and used for remission induction. Remission induction rate of corticosteroid therapy is more than 90%, but relapse rate is approximately 30%. Centers in Japan and Republic of Korea prefer low-dose corticosteroid for maintenance. On the other hand, centers in North America and Europe prefer immunomodulators for maintenance. In the future, well-designed studies on methods to decrease relapse rate of autoimmune pancreatitis and effective use of immunomodulators are needed.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Drug Therapy ; Europe ; Hand ; Immunologic Factors ; Japan ; North America ; Pancreatitis* ; Pancreatitis, Chronic ; Recurrence ; Remission Induction ; Republic of Korea

Development and use of linear-array echoendoscope and endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) have made endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) more of an interventional procedure than a purely diagnostic procedure. This is a literature review of previously published clinical studies on EUS-guided direct intervention for solid pancreatic tumors, including EUS-guided fine needle injection (EUS-FNI) of antitumor agents, EUS-guided fiducial marker placement, EUS-guided brachytherapy and EUS-guided tumor ablation.
Antineoplastic Agents ; Brachytherapy ; Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration ; Endosonography ; Fiducial Markers ; Needles ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Congresses as Topic ; Education, Medical ; Endoscopy ; Internet

No abstract available.
Diagnosis ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; Pancreatitis

Recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP) is defined as two or more true episodes of acute pancreatitis and about 20% of patients with acute pancreatitis experience at least one episode of recurrence. In about 10% of RAP, no definite etiology is found despite extensive evaluation. This entity is called idiopathic acute pancreatitis (IAP). Toxic-metabolic, idiopathic, genetic, autoimmune, recurrent and severe acute pancreatitis, obstructive (TIGAR-O) classification is commonly used to identify risk factors for RAP. Modalities employed to find causes of RAP and IAP include meticulous history taking, blood tests, diagnostic imaging, genetic testing, bile crystal analysis, endoscopic ultrasonography, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with/without sphincter of Oddi manometry. Each modality is briefly reviewed in this review.
Bile ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Endosonography ; Genetic Testing ; Hematologic Tests ; Humans ; Manometry ; Pancreatitis ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; Sphincter of Oddi