objective: To study the development of available space of lower posterior arch. Methods: The sample consisted of 188 randomly selected subjects aged from 11 to 18 years, 76 males and 112 females. The distance from the distal surface of mandibular first molar to the anterior border of the ramus was measured on orthopantomography. All the data were analyzed statistically. Results: 1) The distance(mm) in female and in male was 14.45?3.54 and 13.29?4.17 respectively( P

Objetive: To study the result of manipulation therapy(MT) for frozen shoulders. Method: Before and after MT, the parameters of involoved shoulder extensors and flexors , abductors and adductors were isokinetically recorded on 20 patients with frozen shoulder twice. Result: Compared with the parameters measured pre-therapy most of those factors measured increased significantly afterwards (P＜0.01 ). Conclusion:Effect of MT on frozen shoulder are satisfactory and ROM are accurate and reliable.

Objective To analyze the trend of cervical cancer, age structure and influencing factors. Methods Retrospective study and survey. The 1563 patients with cervical cancer and gynecological medical examination of 600 non-cervical cancer patients who took part in Physical examination in the obstetrics and gynecology department received the enclosed analysis questionnaire. Results Cervical cancer is becoming a trend of cervical cancer patients being younger, high risk period at the age of 36 to 55, and the downward trend towards the menopausal women. The number of being pregnant, ma]-sexuality (the first sexual intercourse at a younger age, or many sexual partners), and smoking are the causes which lead to cervical cancer. Conclusion Give great importance to a trend of cervical cancer patients being younger; screening, publicity and education about cervical cancer;, missionaries and strengthen anti-cancer awareness, promote a healthy lifestyle, which is the key to prevention and treatment of cervical cancer.

Objective To summarize clinical characteristics of coronary artery perforation during percutaneous coronary interventions.Methods Retrospective analysis of consecutive 32 patients who had coronary artery perforation in Fu Wai Hospital from April,2004 to August,2006 was carried out.Results Thirty-two cases of coronary perforation occurred during 7102 PCI procedures performed within this period(incidence:0.5%).These cases are comparatively complicated lesions including 81.3% of type B2+C and 62.5% of chronic total occlusion(CTO)lesions.Ellis classification:typeⅠ:14(43.8%),type Ⅱ:10(31.2%),type Ⅲ:8(25.0%),type Ⅳ:0.Mechanism of coronary artery perforation:guiding wire:21(65.6%),predilatation:6(18.8%),postdilatation:3(9.4%),stent implantation:2(6.2%).Clinical consequence:death:3(9.4%),cardiac temponade:7(21.9%),acute myocardial infarction(AMI):9(28.1%).Treatment:reversal of heparin-induced anticoagulation by application of protamine:14(43.8%),prolonged balloon inflation:9(28.1%),percardiocentesis:7(21.9%),implantation of membrane covered stent:4(12.5%),bail-out surgical repair:2(6.2%).Conclusion Coronary perforation during PCI is a rare complication;type Ⅲ perforation is associated with significant morbidity and mortality,which needs urgent and intensive treatment.

Objective To observe the characteristics of culprit lesions in AMI with previous PCI.Methods Retrospective analysis was carried out in 61 consecutive AMI patients with previous PCI treated with primary PCI from April, 2004 to April, 2006 in Fuwai hospital.Results Location of culprit lesions in the 61 patients (62.1?10.0 yrs; male 88.5%) were: LAD 47.5%, RCA 39.5%, LCX 13.0%. Comparing the medication of the patients during the first year after the former PCI, besides the continous use of aspirin (93.8% vs 100%,P=0.113), all patients had stopped using clopidogrel, and the use of ?-blockers, ACEIs and statins also dropped significantly after 1 year (46.9% vs 75.0%, P= 0.001; 34.4% vs 70.8%, P= 0.001; and 28.1% vs 77.1%, P= 0.000, respectively). The characteristics of the culprit lesions included: acute and sub-acute in-stent thrombosis in 12 cases (19.7%), late and very late in-stent thrombosis in 6 cases (9.8%), plaque rapture in 41 cases (70.5%), but no restenosis was involved. The time of the recurrant AMI after the former PCI were: 13 cases (21.3%) within 1 month including 12 cases of acute or subacute in-stent thrombosis and 1 case of plaque rupture in anther coronary artery 3 days after primary PCI; 16 cases (26.2%) after the first month to 1 year including 12 cases of plaque rupture and 4 cases of late in-stent thrombosis; 32 cases (52.5%) 1 year including 30 cases of plaque rupture and 2 cases of very late in-stent thrombosis. Conclusion The major mechanism of recurrant AMI after preoious PCI is plaque rapture.

T cell immunoglobulin mucin (TIM) family plays a key role in regulating immune responses. In this study, the interactions of human TIM family with apoptotic cells were evaluated in order to provide a foundation for further study on the roles of human TIM genes in apoptosis. Nine kinds of pEGFP-N1 eukaryotic expression vectors containing different lengths of the three members of human TIM genes for the expression of TIM-EGFP and the vectors for the expression of TIM-Fc fusion proteins were constructed. It was found that human TIM proteins could recognize and bind to apoptotic cells directly, but not to viable cells. The interactions of sTIM-1-EGFP, sTIM-3-EGFP and sTIM-4-EGFP with apoptotic cells were blocked by TIM-1-Ig, TIM-3-Ig and TIM-4-Ig fusion proteins respectively. In addition, human TIM proteins mediated the recognition of apoptotic cells and bound to apoptotic cells directly via the IgV domains. In conclusion, the TIM family may play a key role in the regulation of apoptosis. Our data also suggest that human TIM proteins probably serve as novel proteins for the detection of the early cellular apoptosis.

Topical ophthalmic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)are used to treat ocular surface and anterior segment inflammation as well as postoperative management of pain and inflammation. As a new generation of NSAIDs, because of its unique molecule structure, bromfenac is both a kind of potent anti-inflammatory drug and a lipophilic molecule that can penetrate ocular tissues and as a result increase the duration of action. Bromfenac has an extensive global safety record as an anti-inflammatory drug, as well as in the management of ocular pain and inflammation following cataract and refractive surgery. Apart from the functions mentioned above, nowadays researchers have also discovered other ophthalmic applications of bromfenac sodium, and therefore reach a conclusion that bromfenac sodium eye drops are safe, effective and convenient in terms of ophthalmic treatment.This review summarizes recent application progress of bromfenac sodium eye drops in ophthalmology, and then gives prospect about its future application, hoping to provide a new idea for the clinical treatment in ophthalmology in the future.

BACKGROUNDCurrently there is a trend towards reducing radiation dose while maintaining image quality during computer tomography (CT) examination. This results from the concerns about radiation exposure from CT and the potential increase in the incidence of radiation induced carcinogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the lowest radiation dose for maintaining good image quality in adult chest scanning using GE CT equipment.

METHODSSeventy-two adult patients were examined by Gemstone Spectral CT. They were randomly divided into six groups. We set up a different value of noise index (NI) when evaluating each group every other number from 13.0 to 23.0. The original images were acquired with a slice of 5 mm thickness. For each group, several image series were reconstructed using different levels of adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) (30%, 50%, and 70%). We got a total of 18 image sequences of different combinations of NI and ASIR percentage. On one hand, quantitative indicators, such as CT value and standard deviation (SD), were assessed at the region of interest. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were calculated. The volume CT dose index (CTDI) and dose length product (DLP) were recorded. On the other hand, two radiologists with ≥ 5 years of experience blindly reviewed the subjective image quality using the standards we had previously set.

RESULTSThe different combinations of noise index and ASIR were assessed. There was no significant difference in CT values among the 18 image sequences. The SD value was reduced with the noise index's reduction or ASIR's increase. There was a trend towards gradually lower SNR and CNR with an NI increase. The CTDI and DLP were diminishing as the NI increased. The scores from subjective image quality evaluation were reduced in all groups as the ASIR increased.

CONCLUSIONSIncreasing NI can reduce radiation dose. With the premise of maintaining the same image quality, using a suitable percentage of ASIR can increase the value of NI. To assure image quality, we concluded that when the NI was set at 17.0 and ASIR was 50%, the image quality could be optimal for not only satisfying the requirements of clinical diagnosis, but also achieving the purpose of low-dose scanning.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Algorithms ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiation Dosage ; Radiography, Thoracic ; methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

Adult ; Bone Diseases ; chemically induced ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Bone and Bones ; metabolism ; China ; epidemiology ; Environmental Exposure ; Fluorides ; adverse effects ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: To explore 3.0T MRI accurate measurement of knee cartilage thickness in healthy youth provides reliable anatomical parameters for quantitative diagnosis of osteoarthritis and accurate osteotomy of joint replacement. METHODS: From January 2013 to December 2013, 30 healthy young volunteers including 14 males and 16 females with an average age of (25.8±2.4) years old ranging from 22 to 33 years were recruited in Changchun, Jilin Province, and a 3.0T MRI scan was performed on the bilateral knee joints of each volunteer. The cartilage thickness was measured on the lateral femoral condyle (LFC), medial femoral condyle (MFC), lateral tibial plateau (LTP) and medial tibial plateau (MTP). RESULTS: In four regions of the knee joint:LFC, MFC, LTP and MTP, whether young men or women, there was no significant difference in cartilage thickness between the left and right knee joints (P>0.05). There were significant differences in knee cartilage thickness between healthy young men and women (P<0.05). In the same sex group, LFC cartilage thickness was thinner in the middle, thicker in front and rear;MFC cartilage thickness was the thinnest in front and gradually thickening from the front to the rear; LTP cartilage thickness was thickest in the middle, second in the rear and thinnest in the front;MTP cartilage thickness was the thinnest in the front, was relatively uniform in the middle and rear and thicker than that in the front. CONCLUSION In Northeast China, among healthy adults aged 22 to 33, gender difference may be an important factor in the difference of cartilage thickness in various regions of the knee joint. Regardless of whether male or female healthy young people, the cartilage thickness of the entire knee joint is unevenly distributed, but there is no significant difference in cartilage thickness in the same area between the left and right knee joints.
Adult ; Adolescent ; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Young Adult ; Cartilage, Articular/diagnostic imaging* ; Knee Joint/surgery* ; Osteoarthritis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Femur