Aim To investigate the effects of pumpkin polysaccharide(PP) on Fas、Fas-L、Bcl-2 and Bax expression in the pancreas of diabetic rats.Methods Rats were injected intraperitoneally(ip) with streptozocin(STZ) 60 mg?kg-1 to induce diabetic model.The diabetic rats were given PP 150 mg?kg-1,300 mg?kg-1,600 mg?kg-1.The blood sample were taken after three weeks.Blood glucose was measured by glucose oxidase method;The expression of the Fas and Fas-L have been determined by using immunohistochemistry(S-P method);The expression of Bax mRNA and Bcl-2 mRNA were checked up by Reverse transcription PCR(RT-PCR).Results PP could decrease the level of blood glucose in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats;After three weeks,The expressions of the Fas and FasL in ? cell of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were obviously lower;The expression of Bax mRNA was obviously down-regulated,the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA was obviously up-regulated,and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was advanced after the diabetic rats were given PP.Conclusions PP could decrease the level of blood glucose of the diabetic rats.The mechanism was related to decreasing the expressions of the Fas and FasL and regulating the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax in the pancreas of diabetic rats.

Objective To investigate the effect of hexosamine biosynthesis pathway on the development of insulin resistance induced by high fat diet.Methods Normal male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups:control(fed with normal chow),high fat(fed with high fat diet for 13 weeks),and rosiglitazone (intragastric administration with rosiglitazone for 5 weeks)groups.After 13 weeks,all the rats were sacrificed,serum and muscle triglycerides(TG),serum total cholesterol(TC),and serum and muscle free fatty acids(FFA) were measured.Insulin sensitivity wss evaluated by insulin sensitivity index(ISI)and glucose infused rat(GIR) with the hyperinsulinemic englycemic clamp technique.The flux of HBP in skeletal muscle was detected with the expression level of glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase(GFAT)mRNA(RT-PCR),the content of UDPGlcNAc(HPLC)and the level of O-GlcNAc glycosylation in skeletal muscle proteins(Western blot). Results Compared with control group,senlm TG,TC,FFA and muscle TG,FFA levels of high fat group increased(aII P<0.01).both ISI and GIR decreased(both P<0.01),and the leveIs of GFAT mRNA(0.51±0.05 vs 0.18±0.02),UDP-GlcNAc[(6.18±0.86 vs 2.42±0.36)nmol/g],and O-GIcNAc glycosylation of skeletal muscle proteins in high fat group were raised(all P<0.01).In rosiglitazone group,serum and muscle TG.FFA welc deceased(all P<0.01).insulin sensitivity was increased(P<0.05)and the flux of HBP[GFAT mRNA 0.27±0.03,UDP-GIcNAc(2.62±0.32)nmol/g]was reduced(all P<0.05)as compared with high fat group. Conclusions High fat diet-induced insulin resistance in rats is correlated with the increased flux of HBP in skeletaI muscle.which is decreased by rosiglitazone.

Aim To investigate the protective effect of compound total flavonoids on atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- knockout mice.Methods Seven-week old C57BL/6 mice considered of the normal group (n =1 5 );seven-week old ApoE -/- mice were fed with high-fat diet and were assigned randomly into 5 groups:model group,simvastatin group,the low com-pound flavonoids group,the middle compound fla-vonoids group and the high compound flavonoids group.After 1 6 weeks,mice serum and aortas were harvested.The formation of atherosclerotic plaque was analyzed by HE staining,The serum level of lipids pro-files and superoxide dismutase (SOD )were deter-rnined.The levels of IL-1 βand NF-κB in serum were detected by ELISA assay.Results Area of atheroscle-rotic lesion was significantly less in the compound fla-vones group than in model.The level of TC,TG,LDL-C,IL-1 β,NF-κB in serum of the compound flavonoids group were decreased significantly,while SOD and HDL-C increased significantly compared with the mod-el group,and the difference was significant (P <0.05).Conclusion The compound flavonoids have a good protective effect on early atherosclerosis in mice, which may be due to its alleviating effects on hyperlipi-demia and inflammation and oxidation.

Mammalian central nervous system is a very heterogenous and complicated system. The mechanism of neural-specific gene expression is of considerable general interest to scientists. The present paper as a review will focus on the progress in this research field.

Background and purpose:Paclitaxel is believed to be efficient in treating malignant ascites in gastric cancer. However, researches are still needed to get more evidence. The aim of this study was to discuss the efficacy and safety of the treatment of malignant ascites in gastric cancer with paclitaxel. Methods:Six cases of late phase gastric cancer patients were enrolled into the study, paclitaxel 60 mg/m2 and 1 500-2 000 mL natural solution were administered via intraperitoneal injection, qw, for a of total 2-4 weeks. Efficacy and toxicity were determined according to WHO criteria. Results:Five (5/6) had complete response, and one (1/6) with partial response. The malignant ascites recession time was 0.5-10 months, overall survival time 2-10 months, 4 cases suffered grade Ⅰ-Ⅲ abdominal pain, 4 cases grade Ⅰ leucopenia, 3 cases grade Ⅰ hair loss, 1 case gradeⅠ liver injury (with past history of hepatitis). Conclusion:Paclitaxel is effective and relatively safe to treat malignant ascites of gastric cancer.

Background and purpose: Paclitaxel is believed to be efficient in treating malignant ascites in gastric cancer. However, researches are still needed to get more evidence. The aim of this study was to discuss the efficacy and safety of the treatment of malignant ascites in gastric cancer with paclitaxel. Methods: Six cases of late phase gastric cancer patients were enrolled into the study, paclitaxel 60 mg/m~2 and 1 500-2 000 mL natural solution were administered via intraperitoneal injection, qw, for a of total 2-4 weeks. Efficacy and toxicity were determined according to WHO criteria. Results: Five (5/6) had complete response, and one (1/6) with partial response. The malignant ascites recession time was 0.5-10 months, overall survival time 2-10 months, 4 cases suffered grade Ⅰ-Ⅲabdominal pain, 4 cases grade Ⅰ leucopenia, 3 cases grade Ⅰ hair loss, 1 case grade Ⅰ liver injury (with past history of hepatitis). Conclusion: Paclitaxel is effective and relatively safe to treat malignant ascites of gastric cancer.

Cancer is a serious threat to human health with a high fatality rate. Modern anticancer methods, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, commonly have more serious side effects. Anticancer plant essential oils which now attach great importance to cancer treatment, have many advantages such as multi-target, multi-effect, low adverse reaction, improving the body immunity, not easy to produce drug resistance, etc. The main active ingredients and the anticancer mechanism of essential oils were reviewed in this paper. Nineteen kinds of plant essential oils, including Cymbopogon flexuosus, Salvia officinalis, Lycopus lucidus, Lavandula angustifolia, Smyrnium olusatrum, peel of Citrus reticulate, leaves of Myrica rubra, and so on, displayed their prominent anti-cancer activities. Specifically, limonene, β-elemene, menthol, patchouli alcohol, thymol, eugenol, citral, β-caryophyllene, and their oxide may be the main anticancer composition of plant essential oils.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia, which can lead to thrombosis and increase the risk of a stroke or even death. In order to meet the need for a low false-negative rate (FNR) of the screening test in clinical application, a convolutional neural network with a low false-negative rate (LFNR-CNN) was proposed. Regularization coefficients were added to the cross-entropy loss function which could make the cost of positive and negative samples different, and the penalty for false negatives could be increased during network training. The inter-patient clinical database of 21 077 patients (CD-21077) collected from the large general hospital was used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. For the convolutional neural network (CNN) with the same structure, the improved loss function could reduce the FNR from 2.22% to 0.97% compared with the traditional cross-entropy loss function. The selected regularization coefficient could increase the sensitivity (SE) from 97.78% to 98.35%, and the accuracy (ACC) was 96.62%, which was an increase from 96.49%. The proposed algorithm can reduce the FNR without losing ACC, and reduce the possibility of missed diagnosis to avoid missing the best treatment period. Meanwhile, it provides a universal loss function for the clinical auxiliary diagnosis of other diseases.
Algorithms ; Atrial Fibrillation/diagnosis* ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Stroke

In order to study the potential application value of lavender volatile oil (LVO), the chemical composition of the volatile oil of lavender was analyzed by GC-MS, and the mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) was established. Additionally, the antioxidant enzymes activity of T-SOD, GSH-PX, CAT and MDA content were studied. Experimental results showed that 55 kinds of chemical constituents including terpene, terpene alcohol and ester compounds from LVO were identified, and the content of linalool and linalyl acetate was the highest, accounting for 49.71% of the total volatile oil. The ability of mouse platform memory was improved significantly. The levels of GSH-PX, CAT and T-SOD of mouse brain tissue in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the model group (P<0.05). The level of MDA reached the maximum value in the model group, while there was no notable difference between the levels of MDA in the drug group and the normal group. The result indicated the significant oxidative activity of LVO, the possibility of induced oxidative stress reduction in neurons, and the reversal effect of memory acquired disorder.

Background and purpose:Although there is still no standard ifrst line chemotherapy regimen for metastatic gastric cancer (MGC), the doublet and triplet regimens containing platinum and lfuorouracil were most popular worldwidely. The ECF regimen is the classical and one of the most popular treatment choices in this setting, while the marrow suppression, the renal toxicity and poor compliance inhibits its usage. In order to improve its efifcacy and tolerability, this study conducted 2 phaseⅡ trials by modified ECF regimen, the EOF5 regimen (substituting cisplatin with oxaliplatin, shortening the continuous infusion period to 120 h), to treat patients with MGC since 2004. This paper reported the comprehensive results of the 2 studies.Methods:All the patients who enrolled in our previous2 phaseⅡ trials and received EOF5 as ifrst line treatment entered this study. Each patient received the treatment of epirubicin 50 mg/m2 iv d1, oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 iv gtt d1 and 5-FU 375-425 mg/m2·d-1 civ 120 h, and repeated every 3 weeks. Efifcacy was analyzed every 6 weeks.Results:A total number of 178 patients (all were metastatic patients but 2 advanced patients with unresectable lesions) were included into this study. One hundred and seventy patients were evaluable, and 7 patients (3.9%) achieved complete response (CR), 76 patients (42.7%) achieved partial response (PR), 46.6% patients achieved overall response rate (ORR, CR+PR), and the cases of stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD) were 69 (38.8%) and 18 (10.1%), respectively. The median progress free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 6.0 months (95%CI: 5.2-6.8) and 12.6 months (95%CI: 8.9-16.3), 1-year and 2-year survival rate were 50.9% and 28.0%, respectively. Grade 3, 4 toxicity including: leucopenia (23.0), neutropenia (38.8%), anemia (6.5%), thrombocytopenia (23.5%), nausea/vomiting (14.1%), and peripheral neuropathy toxicity (1.2%). Among 75 patients who received second line treatment, the median survival from second line treatment was 8.0 months (95%CI: 4.8-11.2).Conclusion:EOF5 regimen is a highly effective regimen with moderate and manageable toxicity, and it providesa suitable alternative for the ifrst-line treatment of MGC.