Objective To explore the effects of gestation and lactation exposure to low dose tributyltin(TBT) on development of offspring of Kunming mice.Methods The healthy adult pregnant Kunming mice were randomly divided into 4 groups,6 in each group,they were given doses of TBT(100,10 and 1 ?g/kg) by gavage from days 6 of gestation(GD6)to the end of lactation.The number of pups and the number of male,female of each dams were determined,and the body weight of pups on PNDs 1,3,5,7,14,21 was weighed.The eye opening from PND12 and the testes descent from PND13 and the vagina opening from PND20 were examined.Results Compared with the control group,the gestational body weight gain of dams decreased in 100 ?g/kg group(P

0.05). Compared with the control group,an obvious retarded development was observed from PND21-70 and the viscera coefficient of testis were increased significantly in 2.5 or 5.0 mg/(kg?d) group (P

0.05).Compared with the control group,body weights gains from PND21-70 were decreased significantly in the 5 and 2.5 mg/kg group(P0.05).No abnormal structure of testis was observed in all exposure groups.Conclusion Exposure to TBTC during critical period for sex differentiation may decrease body gain and increase spermatogenesis and the activities of LDH and SDH.

Objective To study the expression of aspartic proteinase cathepsin D in the germinal center of follicular lymphoma and follicular hyperplasia. Methods Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of cathepsin D in paraffin sections of 10 cases of follicular lymphoma and 9 cases of follicular hyperplasia. Results Cathepsin D was weakly expressed in the plasma of dendritic cells and histiocytes in the germinal centers of 9 out of 10 cases of follicular hyperplasia. The number of positive cells were smaller in the center of follicles, but larger in the periphery. It was more strongly expressed in the plasma of dendritic cells and histiocytes located predominantly in the peripheral areas of germinal centers of follicular lymphoma in 10 patients. Some germinal centers were surrounded by T lymphocytes in 4 cases of follicular lymphoma, and cathepsin D positive cells in these germinal centers were more in number than that in the germinal centers without being surrounded by T cells in other 6 cases of follicular lymphoma, in which positive sign even absent in some germinal centers. Conclusion Cathepsin D is a good marker for the dendritic cells and histiocytes, and its differential expression in follicular lymphoma and follicular hyperplasia is helpful for differential diagnosis of the diseases. Based on the former reports of cathepsin D with its important roles in antigen processing, we suppose that lower expression of this protease is probably due to the decreased ability of immunological response to tumor in follicular lymphoma patients.

Aim To study the inhibitory effects and its mechanis ms of Garlic Polysaccharide (GP) on adriamycin(ADR)-induced cardiotoxicity in mic e.Mehtod ADR was injected intraperitoneally to induce myocardiu m injury model in mice. The activities of several serum and heart tissue enzymes were measured. With scanning electron microscope, the cardiac ultrastructural c hanges were examined.Results ADR (3 mg?kg -1 ip, qod?7) induced severe myocardial damages with the increasing activities of creatine kin ase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) a nd inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (P

12 trace elements from the hairs of 20 cases of aplastic anemia were examined and compared with that from hairs of normal people as control. Results showed that in Yin-deficient type patients, Li, Ca, Si, Cr markedly decreased; in Yangdeficient type patients, Zn, Mg, Ba, Si, Ca, Li markedly decreased, while all 12 trace elements decreased in patients of deficiencies of both Yin and Yang. New approaches were also offered for treatment of aplastic anemia on the basis of differential diagnosis.

0.05).The prevalence of strains with resistance to rifampin was lower than that of strains with resistance to clarithromycin(P

CT data regarding PUMCⅡ d2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis obtained from one female patient were input into modeling software minics 11.11 to obtain medical simulation model.Then finite element analysis models of AIS patients (T1-S) were created by introducing simulation models into software abaqus 6.7.Finite element models of T6 11 segments were corrected by 5 different correction methods:simple concave bracing,simple convex pressurization,concave distraction and convex compression simultaneously,concave distraction prior to convex compression and concave distraction after convex pressurization.Abaqus software was used to simulate correction of scoliosis with vertebral arch pedicle screw by loading 50 N,100 N,and 200 N distraction forces on the concave side pedicles of the end vertebrae T6 and T11.The displacement of vertebrae T6 in Y-axis (sagittal plane) and Z-axis (coronal plane),which respectively represented the correction effects of kyphosis and scoliosis,was compared between prior to and after correction.Simple concave distraction provided better outcomes in terms of displacement of T6 in Z-axis than the remaining four methods (P ＜ 0.01).Concave distraction and convex compression simultaneously,concave distraction prior to convex pressurization and concave distraction after convex compression produced identical displacements of T6 in Y-axis,which were all better than simple concave distraction (P＜ 0.01).The present findings imply that for curative effects of five methods on correction of scoliosis in the coronal plane:simple concave distraction＞ concave distraction and convex compression simultaneously = concave distraction prior to convex compressio= concave distraction after convex compression ＞ simple convex pressurization;for curative effects of five methods on correction of kyphosis in the sagittal plane:simple convex compression ＞ concave distraction and convex compression simultaneously = concave distraction prior to convex compression= concave distraction after convex compression＞ simple concave bracing.Simple concave distraction could not produce obvious corrective effects on kyphosis rather than lead to worsened kyphosis to some extent.Simple convex compression could not produce obvious corrective effects on scoliosis rather than result in aggravated scoliosis to some extent.

Objective To investigate the expression of Nogo-A in the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons of mouse embryos and its time course changes. Methods Sections of retinofugal pathway of C57 mouse embryos at different developmental stages were immunostained with Nogo-A specific antibody and observed by a confocal microscopy. The identity of Nogo-A positive cells was partially revealed by double-staining together with Tuj-1. Results At the early stage of E12, Nogo-A was densely expressed in some radially-orientated cells in retina. The immunopositive signals appeared in the cytoplasm, on the cell membrane and axons. The double-labeling together with Tuj-1, a neuronal marker, showed that nearly all the RGCs and their axons expressed Nogo-A protein. At the later stage of E13, the number of Nogo-A positive neurons in retina decreased dramatically. And those Nogo-A positive RGCs were specifically located in the ventricular part and the ciliary margin zone of the retina. At this stage, only a very few axons maintained their Nogo-A expression in the fiber layer of the retina, while most lost their Nogo-A distribution. When most RGCs had fully differentiated at E15, there was no detectable Nogo-A immunopositive staining in the retina and only a few retinal fibers were Nogo-A immunopositive. The similar expression patterns of Nogo-A was found in a few axons along the optic disc, optic stalk, optic chiasm and optic tract. Worthy of note, the retinal axons with Nogo-A distribution in the optic tract were exclusively found in the superficial area, where the newly-arrived axons were traveling through during development. Conclusion The expression pattern and its time course change suggested that Nogo-A was an important protein expressed by the newly differentiated RGC neurons and their projecting axons, whilst the mature RGCs down-regulated their expression. Nogo-A in the new born RGCs might play some cell-intrinsic roles such as decreasing axon branching in vivo.

ObjectiveTo investigate the results of open reduction with internal fixation for high anterior column fracture of acetabulum with intact true pelvic brim.MethodsFrom January 2006 to January 2010,12 patients suffered high anterior column fracture of acetabulum without involvement of true pelvic brim were identified.There were 9 males and 3 females,with the average of 35.6 years(range,29-46).The injury was caused by crush in 7 cases,smash of heavy object in 3 cases,and fall-down from height in 2 cases.These fractures were classified into three types:isolated high anterior column fracture of acetabulum without involvement of true pelvic brim,high anterior column fracture of acetabulum without involvement of true pelvic brim with posterior wall fracture of acetabulum and commminuted high anterior column fracture of acetabulum without involvement of true pelvic brim according to present and unpresent of posterior wall fracture.Five cases suffered isolated fracture and 2 cases associated smaller and nondisplacement fracture fragment of posterior wall were reduced and fixed by buttress plate of iliac crest and lag screw of anterior border of ilium through an iliofemoral approach; 4 cases with displacement posterior wall fracture of acetabulum were reduced and reconstructed by buttress plate and lag screws of through combinations of anterior and posterior approaches.One case suffered comminuted fracture were reduced and reconstructed by plates and screws of through extended iliofemoral approach.ResultsThe mean follow-up time of all patients was 26.7 months (range,14-37months).The quality of reduction was grade as anatomical in 8 patients,imperfect in 3,poor in 1 by Matta's score system.The fracture union was uneventful.There was nonunion and loss of internal fixation.At the final follow-up,the mean score was 16.8 (range,11-18),7 cases were graded as excellent,4 good,1 fair,according to modified Merle d'Aubigne and Postel score system.Heterotopic ossification and traumatic osteoarthritis were recorded in 1 patient.ConclusionGood clinical results can be achieved by anatomical reduction and rigid fixation through optimal approach.