Brain ischemia/hypoxia preconditioning(I/HPC) is one kind of endocardial protective phenomenon by organism against blood and oxygen deficit.Researches discovered various proteins such as hypoxic inducible factor-1(HIF-1),heat shock proteins(HSPs),erythropoietin(EPO),Bcl-2 family,calcitoningene related peptide(CGRP) and so on participated in brain I/HPC.This essay explains function and participating I/HPC mechanism of these proteins.

Objective: To study the protective effects of tetrahydropalmatine (THP) against ischemia－reperfusion induced hippocamp lesion in rats. 　MethodS: A model of ischemia-reperfusion induced brain lesion was set up by ligation of common carotid arteria in rats, and the protective effects of THP was observed.　Results: It was found that, with administration of THP, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and Na+, K+-ATPase as well as Ca2＋－ATPase were increased (P＜0.05, respectively), while malondialehyde (MDA) was decreased to 42.5% (P＜0.01) during brain ischemia－reperfusion.　Conclusion:The results suggested that THP can protect the rat against ischemia－reperfusion induced brain lesion.

ObjectiveTo assess the relationship between alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and the influencing factors for CIMT. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in 147 males who were inpatients or had physical examination at the Taishan Hospital in Shandong Province during January 2012 to December 2013. The participants, including 136 drinking cases and 11 non-drinking cases, were divided into mild AFLD group (A, 45 cases), moderate to severe AFLD group (B, 58 cases), and non-AFLD group (C, 44 cases). Comparison of mean values between groups was performed using one-way ANOVA, and pairwise comparisons were performed using the LSD test (for homogeneity of variance) or Tamhane's test (for heterogeneity of variance). Results(1) CIMT was significantly higher in group B than in group C (P=0.001). (2) BMI was significantly higher in group A than in group C (P=0.029). Total cholesterol, triglyceride, very-low-density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein B, and uric acid levels significantly rose in groups A and B compared with group C (P＜0.05). (3) Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) level was significantly higher in group A than in group C (P=0001), whereas alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, and GGT levels were significantly higher in group B than in group C (P=0.023, 0.003, and 0.000, respectively). (4) Serum creatinine level was significantly lower in groups A and B than in group C (P=0007 and 0.005, respectively). ConclusionAFLD can cause the increase in CIMT, resulting in metabolic syndrome-like changes and liver/kidney dysfunction. With increasing severity of AFLD, CIMT increase becomes more significant. Thus, AFLD can be used as an indicator for predicting CIMT increase in human population.

In order to study the potential application value of lavender volatile oil (LVO), the chemical composition of the volatile oil of lavender was analyzed by GC-MS, and the mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) was established. Additionally, the antioxidant enzymes activity of T-SOD, GSH-PX, CAT and MDA content were studied. Experimental results showed that 55 kinds of chemical constituents including terpene, terpene alcohol and ester compounds from LVO were identified, and the content of linalool and linalyl acetate was the highest, accounting for 49.71% of the total volatile oil. The ability of mouse platform memory was improved significantly. The levels of GSH-PX, CAT and T-SOD of mouse brain tissue in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the model group (P<0.05). The level of MDA reached the maximum value in the model group, while there was no notable difference between the levels of MDA in the drug group and the normal group. The result indicated the significant oxidative activity of LVO, the possibility of induced oxidative stress reduction in neurons, and the reversal effect of memory acquired disorder.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in clinic. It has high mortality and disability rate. Effective neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with limb salvage surgery can improve the 5-year survival rate of OS patients. Drug resistance or low sensitivity of tumor cells is the most common cause of postoperative local recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, the sensitivity of OS cells to chemotherapy drugs is of great value to the prognosis of the patients. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine has been widely used because of high efficiency and low toxicity. A large number of studies have confirmed that part of traditional Chinese medicine can reverse the chemotherapy resistance of OS cells by regulating the ABC transmembrane transport protein system. This article gives an overview of its related mechanisms and latest developments.

¹⁷⁷Lu- prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radio-ligand therapy has been approved abroad for advanced prostate cancer and has been in several clinical trials in China. Based on domestic clinical practice and experimental data and referred to international experience and viewpoints, the expert group forms a consensus on the clinical application of ¹⁷⁷Lu-PSMA radio-ligand therapy in prostate cancer to guide clinical practice.