Objective:To analyze the role of psychological detachment(PD) and career calling(CC) in the relationship between hospital workplace violence(HV) and turnover intention(TI), so as to provide references for developing effective intervention measures for medical personnel who have suffered from HV.Methods:From October and November 2022, convenient sampling was used to select medical staff from public hospitals in 16 provinces of China, and a questionnaire survey was conducted on HV, TI, PD, and CC. Pearson′s test was used for correlation analysis, and mediation effect analysis and moderated mediation effect analysis were used to explore the role of PD and CC in the relationship between HV and TI.Results:A total of 1 090 medical personnel were included in this survey, of whom 600(55.0%) had been subjected to HV. The findings showed that HV was positively correlated with TI( r = 0.27, P<0.05). From the analysis of mediation effect, HV had a negative predictive effect on PD( β =-0.82, P<0.05). PD had a negative predictive effect on TI( β =-0.31, P<0.05). PD partially mediated the association between HV and TI, with a mediation effect value of 0.25(17.39%). From the analysis of moderated mediation effect, interaction between HV and CC( β =-0.41, P<0.05) and the interaction between PD and TI( β = 0.17, P<0.05) had a moderating effect on the level of TI of medical personnel. Conclusions:HV was an important factor in predicting the TI of medical personnel, with PD partially mediating between HV and TI. The sense of CC played a moderating role between HV and TI, as well as between PD and TI.