Objective:To study the masseter motor evoked potential(MEP)in patients with sleep bruxism(SB)and in healthy con-trols.Methods:30 subjects with SB and 30 healthy controls were included.MEPs were obtained by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).Tests were done during daytime when the subjects were awake.The data were statistically analysed.Results:In the patients AMT was 55(52,55)%,latency of c-MEP (6.7 ±1.3)ms,the amplitude of c-MEP 0.19(0.15,0.29)mV,latency of r-MEP (2.3 ±0.4)ms,the central conduction time(CCT)4.4(3.3,5.2)ms.In the control subjects AMT was 52(52,55)%,latency of c-MEP (6.4 ±0.7)ms,the amplitude of c-MEP 0.23(0.17,0.28)mV,latency of r-MEP (2.4 ±0.4)ms,CCT 4.0 (3.4,4.4) ms.No significant difference was found between the 2 groups in the measurements evoked by TMS.Conclusion:The MEP after TMS in patients with SB is similar to that of healthy subjects,indicating that the excitability of the cortical motor system is not changed in bruxism subjects,at least when evaluated by TMS.

[Objective]To investigate the protective effect of Tanshinone IIA (TSⅡA) against interleukin-1β (IL-1β) induced obstruction of energy metabolism of rabbit annulus fibrosus cell in vitro.[Methods]Rabbit annulus fibrosus (AF) cells were cultured in 3-dimension alginate beads and randomly divided into 7 groups. Various concentrations of TSⅡA and IL-1β was added to the medium for intervention: no drug was added in group A as normal control, 4 μg/ml TSⅡA in group B, 10 μg/ml IL-1β in group C, and both 10 μg/ml IL-1β and different concentrations of TSⅡA in groups D-G (0.5 μg/ml, 1 μg/ml, 2 μg/ml and 4 μg/ml respectively). After 3 days of incubation, the cells were collected for measuring the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), MTT assay for cell proliferation, and AnnexinⅤ-PI staining for cell apoptosis.[Results]The activity of Na+-K+-ATPase of group G (10 μg/ml IL-1β+4μg/ml TS IIA; 3.23±0.28 U/mgprot) was increased significantly as compared with group C (10 μg/ml IL-1β; 1.118±0.15 U/mgprot, P＜0.01). The activity of SDH of group G was 12.48±0.97 U/mgprot, which was obviously higher than that of group C (3.03±0.60 U/mgprot, P＜0.01). The absorbance of MTT assay of group G (0.77±0.06) was significantly increased as compared with group C (0.31±0.07,P＜0.01). The absorbance of groups D-G increased as the concentration of TSⅡA increased. The apoptotic cell rate and dead cell rate of group G was 21.08±1.46% and 8.99±0.33%, which were both lower than that of group C (43.11±2.7,P＜0.01 and 11.71±0.32,P＜0.01).[Conclusion]TSⅡA is able to promote cell proliferation and decrease cell apoptosis of AF by alleviating IL-1β induced inhibition on cell energy metabolism.

BACKGROUND:Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty have been widely applied in the treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fracture. However, cement leakage is a major problem in the application of this technology, especial y for the vertebral posterior wal ruptured patients. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of high viscosity bone cement and vertebroplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fracture. METHODS:A retrospective study was conducted in 20 cases receiving high viscosity bone cement and vertebroplasty surgery for osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fracture. Clinical outcomes were evaluated mainly with use of Visual Analog Scale for lower back pain. Function of lower back pain was assessed using Oswestry Disability Index questionnaire. Quality of life was evaluated using 36-Item Short Form Health Survey and Frankel score was applied to evaluate neurological function. The anterior vertebral height of the fractured vertebrae was assessed with X-ray. The bone cement leakage, pulmonary embolism, incidence of nearby vertebral fractures and other complications were evaluated during fol ow-up. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al patients were fol owed up for 12-18 months. The anterior vertebral height of the fractured vertebrae, the lower back pain and function, and quality of life were improved significantly after treatment (P<0.05). Al patients got the same neurological symptoms before surgery. The bone cement dispersion was good after treatment, detected by X-ray and CT scan, only two cases appeared with bone cement leakage, but no clinical symptoms were found. There was no cement toxicity or al ergic complications, pulmonary embolism, infection, nerve injury or new fractures. The high viscosity bone cement used in the treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures can significantly relieve thoracic back pain, improve lower back function and quality of life, and greatly reduce the risk of bone cement leakage.

Objective To analyze the causes of failed transcatheter closure for ventricular septal defects (VSD)in children. Methods One thousand two hundred and eighty children aged 13 to 141 months who underwent transcatheter closure from June 2009 to September 2013 in Guangdong General Hospital were selected. There were 43 failures(3. 36% ). The clinical data including transthoracic echocardiograph( TTE),radiography,interventional ap-proach and surgical findings were analyzed. Results Forty - three patients included 25 male and 18 female. The pa-tients' ages ranged from 13 to 141(43. 0 ± 31. 9)months and their weight ranged from 10 to 35(16. 3 ± 5. 59)kg. The causes of failure including doubly committed subarterial VSD misdiagnosed as perimembranous VSD(PMVSD)or intracristal VSD were in 6 patients. The size of occluder was too small in 13 cases,and there were statistical differences between three measurements of size of VSD(F = 19. 134,P = 0. 001). The size of VSD measured by left ventricular an-giography was significantly smaller than that measured by TTE,and there was statistical difference[(4. 78 ± 1. 11) mm vs(6. 48 ± 1. 43)mm,t = 4. 50,P = 0. 001]. The dimension of VSD measured by left ventricular angiography was significantly smaller than that measured by surgical findings,and there was statistical difference[(4. 78 ± 1. 11) mm vs(7. 02 ± 1. 08)mm,t = 5. 92,P = 0. 001]. But,the size of VSD measured by TTE had no significant difference compared with that measured by surgical findings(t = 1. 42,P = 0. 168). Aortic regurgitation occurred in 14 cases;atrioventricular block or left bundle branch block in 3 patients;tricuspid stenosis in 2 cases and residual shunt in 5 pa-tients. Conclusions Doubly committed subarterial VSD may be misdiagnosed as PMVSD or intracristal VSD. In the ca-ses of VSD concomitant with aortic valve prolapse,size of the occluders should be referred to VSD dimensions measured by TTE. In the cases of VSD adjacent to aortic valve,suitable occluders should be selected and operation technique should be improved to avoid aortic regurgitation.

Background Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) shows good clinical effects for keratoconus,and de-epithelized CXL appears to be benefit to the distribution and absorption of riboflavin in cornea stroma.However,de-epithelization of CXL will increase the infective risk and corneal healing time.It is very important to understand and control the affecting factors of corneal repair after de-epithelization of CXL.Objective This study was to evaluate the characteristics of corneal epithelial repair and analyze the relevant factors affecting corneal healing time after de-epithelized CXL.Methods A series-cases observational study was performed.De-epithelized CXL was performed on 77 eyes of 68 keratoconus patients in Shandong Eye Hospital from September 2013 to September 2015 under the approval of Ethic Committee of this hospital and informed consent of each patient.The age,corneal curvature,corneal thickness,breakup time of tear film (BUT),corneal front astigmatism (Astig) and epithelial healing time of the patients were recorded after surgery.The correlations between corneal epithelium healing time and above-mentioned factors were analyzed.Results De-epithelized CXL was smoothly finished in all the eyes.The corneal epithelium healing time was 2-12 days after surgery,with the average healing time 5 (4,6) days.The mean age,thickness at corneal thinnest point,minimal cornea curvature (Kf),maximal corneal curvature (Ks),corneal average curvature (Km) and Astig was 22.00 (18.00,25.00) years,436 (412,470) μm,47.40 (44.70,50.45) D,52.10 (49.00,54.55) D,50.00 (47.15,53.15) D and-3.30 (-5.45,1.70) D,respectively.Spearman rank correlation analysis showed significant negative correlations between corneal epithelium healing time and BUT or the thickness at corneal thinnest point (BUT:rs =-0.334,P =0.003;corneal thickness:rs =-0.417,P =0.000),and thesignificant positive correlations were found between corneal epithelium healing time and Km,Kf and Ks (Km:rs =0.449,P =0.000;Kf:rs =0.300,P =0.008;Ks:rs =0.432,P =0.000).There were no considerable correlarions between corneal epithelium healing time and age or Astig (age:rs =0.023,P =0.845;Astig:rs =-0.190,P =0.098).Multiple linear regression analysis were carried out to study the dependent variable and independent factors.Because of the multiple co-linearity between variables,this paper corrects the model by using ridge regression.There is significant negative correlation between BUT,corneal thickness and corneal healing time,respectively (both at P＜0.05),corneal curvature Km and Kf is positively correlated with corneal healing time (both at P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The corneal thickness,Kf,Km,as well as BUT are influencing factors of epithelial healing after CXL.

In order to investigate the apoptotic pathway of rabbit annulus fibrosus (AF) cells induced by mechanical overload, an experimental air-pressure model was established in this study to pressurize the rabbit AF cells in vitro. Cells were randomly divided into five groups in which the cells were exposed to a continuous pressure of 1.1 MPa for different lengths of time (0, 5, 12, 24 and 36 h). The cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry; the alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential were measured by fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence spectrophotometer; the activities of caspase-8 and 9 were determined by spectrophotometry. The results showed that after the cells were subjected to the pressure for 24 or 36 h, the cell proliferation was inhibited; the ratio of cell apoptosis was increased; the mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased; the activity of caspase-9 was enhanced; no activity changes were observed in caspase-8. The results suggested that treatment with a pressure of 1.1 MPa for more than 24 h can lead to the proliferation inhibition and the apoptosis of rabbit AF cells in vitro, and the mitochondrial-dependent pathway is implicated in the pressure-induced AF cell apoptosis.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the left ventricular morphology, systolic function and the severity of the coronary artery lesions. Methods:A total of 589 consecutively admitted patients were studied retrospectively. All patients suspected of coronary artery disease underwent a selective coronary angiography and a survey of left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) during the hospitalization. Results:A significant correlation between the severity of the coronary artery lesions and the EF, FS, LADD, LADS, LVDS and LVDD was found through the Bivariate Correlation analysis ( P

Objective To explore the relationship between the objective indexes and TCM syndromes of occupational hand arm vibration disease ,and to provide clinical data for the objectification of TCM syndrome differentiation. Methods 101 patients with occupational hand arm vibration disease were collected ,including 24 patients with Xingbi,39 with Tongbi and 38 with Zhuobi,according to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation ,the relationship was observed between different TCM Syndrome types and various of parameters,such as 5-and 10-minute rewarming rates in cold water rewarming test,terminal latency,amplitude, conduction velocity ,average time ,average amplitude of abductor pollicis brevis and abductor digiti minimi in electromyography. Results 5-and 10-minute rewarming rate in cold water rewarming test did not differ significantly among the three groups(P > 0.05). Amplitude of median nerve motor conduction differed significantly among the three groups of Xingbi,Tongbi and Zhuobi(χ2 = 6.14,P < 0.05),Further comparison between the groups was made in Xingbi and Tongbi(χ2=0.132,P=0.895),Xingbi and Zhuobi(χ2=2.277,P=0.023),Tongbi and Xingbi (χ2 = 2.172 ,P = 0.030). There were no significant differences among the three groups in latency and conduction velocity of the median nerve motor conduction and latency ,amplitude and conduction velocity of ulnar nerve motor conduction(P>0.05). The differences of conduction velocity and amplitude of median nerve and ulnar nerve sensory conduction,average time and average amplitude of abductor pollicis brevis and abductor muscle among the three groups had no statistical differences(P>0.05). Conclusions The distribution is different in the amplitude of median nerve motor conduction among the three groups of Xingbi,Tongbi and Zhuobi,further analysis shows that the difference is mainly reflected in the Xingbi group. We conclude that the median nerve axonal injury is lighter in Xingbi group than in the other two groups.

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous vertebroplasty has been gradual y used to treat Kümmel disease because of less trauma and quick pain relief, but there is stil a high rate of bone cement leakage. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty with high-viscosity bone cement plus hyperextension position reset for treatment of Kümmel ’s disease. METHODS: The clinical data of 17 patients with Kümmel ’s disease were retrospectively analyzed, including 5 males and 12 females, aged 55-83 years, and al underwent percutaneous vertebroplasty with high-viscosity bone cement plus hyperextension position reset. The visual analog scale, Oswestry disability index score, vertebral body height and vertebral kyphosis angle were determined. The bone cement leakage, pulmonary embolism, adjacent vertebral fractures and other complications were recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At the 12th Oswestry disability index scores and vertebral kyphosis angle of patients were significantly lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05), the vertebral body height was significantly higher than that before month of follow-up, the visual analog scale scores, treatment (P < 0.05). After treatment, there were three cases of bone cement leakage, which had no special discomfort and neurological symptoms, and one case of new fractures. These results demonstrate that hyperextension position reset combined with percutaneous vertebroplasty with high-viscosity bone cement in treatment of Kümmel ’s disease can effectively relieve back pain, improve function of the lower back, partial y restore vertebral height and reduce kyphosis angle.

Objective To explore the changes of neutrophil elastase (NE) and surfactant protein A (SP-A) in acute lung injury(ALI) rats,and the effect of antioxidant. Methods Sixty healthy mature Wister rats were divided into 2 groups, the control group and treatment group. The rats in two groups all received peritoneal injection of E. coli to establish the ALI animal model. 30 minutes after injection of E. coli,the rats in treatment group were injected reduced glutathione from vena caudalis. The levels of NE in blood and expressions of SP-A in lung tissue were detected at 3,6 and 12 hours after injection of E. coli. Results ALI symptom appeared 3 hours after injection of E. coli in the control group, obvious after 6 hours, the rats vomi-ted pink secretion after 12 hours. Lung edema and bleeding were found by pathologic examination. No obvious symptom was found in treatment group after 3 hours, slight tachypnea after 6 hours, slight edema in pulmonary tissue after 12 hours. After administration of reduced glutathione,levels of NE at 3,6 and 12 hours in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group,and indicated statistical significance in 6 and 12 hours(P <0. 05) ;Levels of SP-A in 3,6 and 12 hours in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group, and indicated statistical significance in 3,6 and 12 hours (P < 0. 05). Conclusion Dysfunction of pulmonary surfactant is secondary in ALI, degradation of SP-A is the one of reasons, the application of reduced glutathione as antioxidant, could effectively suppress NE to decompose basosexine elastin of cells and destroy surface active protein, has protective effect on ALI.